PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to develop a tool that can identify drinking motives and measure the degree of problem drinking in female university students. METHODS: From June 25th, 2012 to September 21st, 2012, a methodological study was carried out on this subject. A basic questionnaire was made based on research literature and interviews with 8 female university students. The subjects who participated in the survey for factor analysis were 397 female university students from 2 universities in G Metropolitan City. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using PASW and AMOS 18.0. The developed tool was found to be acceptable in terms of construct validity and modeling suitability. The questionnaire comprised 16 questions on drinking motives in 4 sub-categories including 'relief' (4 questions), 'friendship' (3 questions), 'consolation' (4 questions), and 'escape' (5 questions). Problem drinking consisted of 11 questions in 3 different sub-categories including 'loss of control,' 'health hazards,' and 'sexual hazards.' CONCLUSION: The questionnaire was proved to have reliability and validity. Finally, the researcher suggests that this questionnaire is adequate for assessing drinking motives and problem drinking of female university students.
Alcohol Drinking ; Drinking* ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Actinomycosis infection can involve most part of the human body including mouth, cervicoface, chest, abdomen and pelvis. Cardiac involvement occurs in less than 2 percent of the infection of actinomyces israelii and pericardial involvement is rare. 34 year male was admitted because of chest pain and general weakness for several months. Echocardiography revealed akinesia of apex suggesting myocardial infarction and large pericardial effusion. Under the impression of pericardial effusion from tuberculosis infection, the patient was started on anti-tuberculosis medicine. Pericardial window operation with pericardial biopsy was performed 7 days later when the patient failed to show a significant improvement. Pericardial biopsy confirmed actinomycosis infection. During admission, the patient had a cerebral infarction with left hemiparesis. The patient was treated with high dose penicillin and improved symptomatically. Echocardiography showed resolution of pericardial effusion.
Abdomen ; Actinomyces ; Actinomycosis* ; Biopsy ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Chest Pain ; Echocardiography ; Human Body ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Paresis ; Pelvis ; Penicillins ; Pericardial Effusion ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis*

OBJECTIVES: To develop a quantitative and noninvasive method of bone marrow cellularity evaluation in solvent-exposed painters. METHODS: Six painters (mean age 46.5 years, 5 males and one female) with hypocellular marrow, and 132 controls were examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A full examination of the peripheral blood and a bone marrow biopsy was done on each patient. Signal intensities were measured at the vertebral bodies from T12 to S1 on both the T1- and the T2-weighted image (T1WI and T2WI). Signal indices were calculated by dividing the signal indices of the vertebral bodies by that of the paraspinal muscle and the subcutaneous fat in the same view. RESULTS: The Bone marrow cellularities of the cases painters were between 20.3% and 33.6%. Signal indices based on the muscle at T1WI were greater in the cases of the painters compared to those of the controls (p<0.05, p<0.01). Signal indices based on the muscle at T1WI were significantly higher in older women compared with men (p< 0.05 ) . After adjusting for age and gender, the signal index of cases at S1 based on muscle of T1WI was higher than that of the controls by 0.364. Five of the six cases had a muscle signal index at S1 of T1WI higher than the mean + 1 standard deviation for the same age group and gender. CONCLUSIONS: MR signal indices are influenced by constitutional factors such as fat content, bone density, and the presence of other pathology. However, after adequate adjustment, it can be used as a useful indicator of bone marrow cellularity in a high-risk population.
Biopsy ; Bone Density ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; Bone Marrow* ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Pathology ; Solvents* ; Subcutaneous Fat

Epithelial colon polyps are largely divided into hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Adenomatous polyps are premalignant lesions, whereas hyperplastic polyps are regarded as benign lesions. However, this histological classification has been blurred, as cases of malignant changes in hyperplastic polyposis, mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps (MHAPs), and serrated adenomas in the colon have been reported. Rare cases of MHAP have been reported, and are mainly found at the proximal colon with a relatively large size. MHAPs seem to be an intermediate stage of the hyperplastic polyp-adenoma sequence or a collision tumor. Here, we report on a case of a single polyp in the rectum diagnosed with a MHAP combined with an invasive adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Colon ; Polyps ; Rectum