The changes of the serum calcium, sodium and potassium concentrations after use of succinylcholine, d-tubocurarine and pancuronium were compared before anesthesia with during anesthesia in 60 surgical patients. In succinylcholine administration group, potassium concentration was significantly increased at 20 and 30 minutes and calcium concentration was slightly decreased at 10, 20 and 30 minutes and sodium concentration was decreased at 10 minutes and increased at 20minutes slightly. In d-tubocurarine administration group, sodium concentration was significantly decreased at 10 and 20 minutes, but calcium and potassium concentration were not changed during anesthesia. In pancuronium administration group, clacium, sodium and potassium concentration were not cahgnes during anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Calcium ; Humans ; Pancuronium ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Tubocurarine

The value of ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in determining the site and etiology of biliary obstruction with surgical jaundice was studied in 30 patients. All diagnoses were subsequently made by surgery and pathology. The results were as follows; 1. In ultrasonography, the site of obstruction was delineated in 46%, while the etiology of the lesion was established in 40%, In comparison, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography delineated the site in 100% and the etilogy in 93%. 2. Although the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is invasive to the human body, it is considered to be the single procedure of choicein the managment of the patient with biliary obstructive jaundice because of its diagnostic accuracy, technical simplicity and relative safety.
Cholangiography ; Diagnosis ; Human Body ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: Growth hormone is expected to delay the degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and affect the initial recovery process of cartilage injury, but these effects are still open to disputes. METHODS: This researcher injected growth hormone to the intervertebral disc and subcutaneous tissue of rabbits whose degenerative change were induced artificially, and evaluated the treatment effects of growth hormone through a comparison between the injected and control groups of rabbits. The intervertebral discs between the 3th and 4th vertebrae were extracted 4 weeks after the administration of growth hormone and then histologically graded in a quantitative method. Changes in the height of the intervertebral discs were measured after the induction of degenerative changes. After four weeks of the treatment, then, the height changes were measured. RESULTS: In the subcutaneous-growth hormone injected group, any consistent, sequential, and progressive degeneration of the annular fibrosus was not observed through histopathological studies. The disc height also sequentially did not decrease from that at the time of the injury set in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the histopathological findings of the study, the researcher suggests that subcutaneous injection of growth hormone will be a therapeutic model of disc degeneration. But further biochemical or electromicroscopic studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism of delay degenerative disc changes by growth hormone.
Cartilage ; Growth Hormone ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Rabbits ; Spine ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Spontaneous herniation of the spinal cord is a rare disease entity in which spinal cord substance is herniated through a previously uninjured and/or untouched dura. It is a cause of myelopathy that is treatable but difficult to diagnose. We report the CT and MR findings of a case of spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation manifesting as ventrolateral protrusion of thoracic spinal cord through a dural defect.
Rare Diseases ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spinal Cord*

To evaluate the visual, astigmatic results and incidence of complications in cases of no-stich, small incision cataract surgery with a square sclerocorneal tunnel and silicone flexible intraocular lens we cornpared the resuite of catarct surgery in DM patients with those of non-DM patients. 305 eyes of 284 patients including 21 eyes of 20 patients of diabetes mellitus from October, 1994 to Decernber, 1996 who underwent cataract surgery with silicone foldable intraocular lens were enrolled in this retrospective study. During follow-up examination, the change of visual acuity, astigmatism, the incidence of postoperative complications was evaluated. Early visual rehabilitation because of small surgically induced refractive change during im.mediate postoperative period can be achieved. During 2 months follow-up, no against-the-rule shift of astigmatism detected. The incidence of postoperative complication were nearly the same as previous report : decentration 0.7%, hyphema 2%, uveitis 0.4%, posterior casular opacification 4.2%. In cases of posterior capsular opacification, Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy showed significant increment of vision. The visual acuities in DM patients were comparably as good as those of non-DM patients. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification and corneal edema was relatively high in DM patients. In conclusion, no stitch snaall incision cataract, surgery through which silicone foldable intraocular lens im. planted showed good visual, astigmatic results in uncomplicated and selected cases of cornplicated with DM patients.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Plants ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicones* ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. We investigated COX-2 expression in normal, gastric adenomas and adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: COX-2 protein was assayed in gastrectomy and biopsy specimens, from 68 gastric adenocarcinomas, 40 gastric adenomas and 35 normal gastric tissues, by immunohistochemistry, and 32 specimens of normal and adenocarcinomas by western blot analysis. Correlation between COX-2 expression and various clinicopathological factors were studied in the gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: COX-2 protein expression in epithelial cells was increased in 6/40 (15%) of the adenomas and 55/68 (80.9 %) of the adenocarcinomas, while normal mucosa was not expressed. COX-2 expression was increased in differ-entiated gastric carcinomas compared with those in the undifferentiated group (p<0.05). The expression of COX-2 protein was unrelated to tumor size, depth of tumor invasion and the presence of lymphatic or vascular invasions. Western blot analysis showed the enhanced expression of the COX-2 protein (23 out of 32)(71%) in gastric carcinomas compared to that of normal gastric mucosal epithelium. CONCLUSION: The above results indicated that the expression of COX-2 protein occurs in dysplastic epithelium and gastric carcinomas, which suggests COX-2 expression may contribute to tumor formation.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Biopsy ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucous Membrane ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Natural History* ; Ureter* ; Ureterocele*

A ganglion cyst is a tumor-like lesion that contains mucous or myxoid material in the fibrous capsule. We report a case of ganglion cyst located in the lumbar anterior epidural space and causing lumbar radiculopathy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the cyst as a cystic lesion with wall en-hancement. Myelography showed that it was not filled with contrast medium and not connected with the dura, nerve root, or facet joint.
Epidural Space* ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelography ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Canal ; Zygapophyseal Joint

Transfer of large quantities of fetal blood across the placental barrier to the maternal circulation is a rare occurrence which results in severe anemia in the newborn infants. This phenomenon is believed to occur most often during labor and delivery and apparently, is more frequent when abnormal obstetric conditions are present. However, fetal erythrocytes have been identified in the naternal circulation throughout most of pregnancy indicating some degree of constant or intermittent transplacental transfusion. We experienced a case of stillbirth due to large amount of fetomaternal transfusion. Acid elutionl test of maternal blood was positive and direct and indirect Coombs test was negative. Ultrasonographic finding on abdomen and cranium to rule out the internal hemorrhage was normal. We report a case of stillbirth due to fetomaternal transfusion with a brief review of related literatures.
Abdomen ; Anemia ; Coombs Test ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetomaternal Transfusion* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Skull ; Stillbirth*

We have treated total 37 cases of femoral neck fracture in children who were under the 16 years old in age at the Catholic University Medical College since 1985, followed them for average 21 months to analyse their types of fracture and treatment, complications and prevention of complications, and obtained the following results. 1. According to the Delbet's classification, type I was 1 case, II were 18(49%), most common, III were 10 and IV were 8 cases. Their ages were average 8.2 years and boys were predominant in 27 cases. 2. Thirty-six cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation within 1-13 days after fracture, but only one type IV was treated with closed reduction, followed by hip spica cast for 6 to 9 weeks in all. 3. The fixation devises were removed at average 8.7 months after operatio. 4. fifteen complications were observed in 11 cases(37%), that were AVN(3 cases), early physeal closure(8 cases), coxa vara(3 cases), coxa valga and limb shortening(each 1 case), and their causes were severe fracture displacement(2 cases), penetration of fixation devices to physis(8 cases), incomplete reduction and loss of initial reductio (1 case) etc, but were not correlated with their method of fracture treatment. Conclusively, the femur neck fracture in children could favorably be treated with open reduction and internal fixation to reduce their complications. Physeal early closures due to penetration of screws and pin were most common cause of complications, and their long-term follow-up should be necessary.
Child ; Classification ; Coxa Valga ; Extremities ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods