PURPOSE: The impact of obesity on the surgical outcomes of Asian patients undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery is not clear. The purpose was to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic surgery in obese Asian patients with colon cancer.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 1,740 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer between January 2008 and December 2010. Patients were classified according to the categories proposed by the International Obesity Task Force, Non-obese (body mass index [BMI]<25.0 kg/m2), Obese-I (BMI, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and Obese-II (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Surgical outcomes, including open conversion, operative time, and postoperative hospital stay, were compared in the Non-obese, Obese-I, and Obese-II patients.RESULTS: Of the 1,192 patients in the study, 812 (68.1%), 360 (30.2%), and 20 (1.7%), were classified as Non-obese, Obese-I, and Obese-II, respectively. The Obese-II group had higher conversion rates (10.0% vs. 3.6% and 1.6%, P=0.008) and, longer operative times (180.35 vs. 162.54 and 147.84 minutes, P<0.001) than the Obese-I and Non-obese group. However, the other postoperative outcomes were not significantly different. The overall survival and disease-free survival were not significantly different between groups (P=0.952). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factor for conversion were BMI, total operative time, previous operative history, and cancer perforation.CONCLUSION: The outcomes of laparoscopic colon surgery in obese patients are similar to those of non-obese patients, offering all the benefits of a minimally invasive approach. However, the conversion rate was higher in obese patients. It is therefore very important for surgeons to be aware of these risks during laparoscopic colon surgery in obese patients.
Advisory Committees ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Observational Study ; Operative Time ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surgeons

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increases the risk of maxillary sinus complications. STUDY DESIGN: An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of eight adult female mongrel dogs in a way that it penetrated the bone and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor to the extent of 2 mm, 4 mm, or 8 mm. The implants were left in place for six months. RESULTS: Radiographic and histologic examinations did not show any signs of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus of the eight dogs. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implant protrusion into the maxillary sinus cavity is not related to the development of sinus complications.
Adult ; Animals ; Dental Implants ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Mucous Membrane

Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) have been demonstrated tostimulate bone formation when applied locally in vivo. To explore whether or not the combined use of BMP and PDGF could have promotive effect and synergic interac- tion on bone formation in vivo, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated with BMP-2, PDGF-BB, or BMP-2 plus PDGF-BB, and then these cells were injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of nude mice. The bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the subcutaneous nodules formed in nude mice contained 25.3% newly formed bone in the BMP-2 treated cells, 14.4% newly formed bone in the PDGF-BB treated cells, and 8.9% newly formed bone in the BMP-2 plus PDGF-BB treated cells. The results showed that the combination of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB had neither a promotive effect nor synergic interact on bone formation in vivo.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude* ; Osteogenesis* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor*

The role of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in peripheral nerve regeneration was examined using an established rabbit peroneal nerve regeneration model. A 15-mm peroneal nerve defect was bridged with a vein filled with BMSCs (1 x 10(6)), which had been embedded in collagen gel. On the contralateral side, the defect was bridged with a vein filled with collagen gel alone. When the regenerated tissue was examined 4, 8 and 12 weeks after grafting, the number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in the side with the BMSCs were significantly higher than in the control side without the BMSCs. This demonstrates the potential of using cultured BMSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Bone Marrow* ; Collagen ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Myelin Sheath ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Peroneal Nerve ; Regeneration* ; Transplants ; Veins

AIM: To assess the efficacy of cyanoacrylate adhesive in the management of large perforations of the maxillary sinus membrane during sinus lifts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight rabbits were used in the study. Sinus membrane perforation(about 1.5cm) was repaired with cyanoacrylate adnesive on one side of the maxillary sinus and the opppsite side was used as a control. Histological evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the operation. RESULTS: Histological studies showed normal healing of the sinus membrane across the site of previous perforation and no evidence of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Our results support the clinical use of cynoacrylate adhesive for repairing sinus membrane perforation.
Adhesives* ; Cyanoacrylates* ; Inflammation ; Maxillary Sinus ; Membranes* ; Rabbits

PURPOSE: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes defined by autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset of diabetes usually before the age of 25 yrs, and a primary defect in the function of the beta cells of the pancreas. MODY3 is known as the most common form and is caused by mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor(HNF)-1alpha. We examined the prevalence of MODY3 in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). METHODS: Children with type 2 DM(N=17) and their family members with type 2 DM(N=5) were enrolled. Inclusion criteria for the children were fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide more than 1.0 ng/mL and 1.5 ng/mL respectively, familial type 2 DM in at least two generations, and body mass index(BMI)(kg/m(2)) less than 95th percentile. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. We analyzed HNF-1alpha for mutation by DNA microarray method and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found one case with a mutation of the promoter region of HNF-1alpha(5'-ctaGGCTAGTGGGGTTTTGCGGGGGCAGTGGGTGCAAGG-3') in one child's family member among 22 children and adult subjects with type 2 DM. CONCLUSION: Although we found a mutation of HNF-1alpha in an adult family member with type 2 DM, we did not find this mutation in a child with type 2 DM. The further investigation of MODY in children, including other types, is required.
Adult ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; DNA ; Family Characteristics ; Fasting ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pancreas ; Prevalence* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Wills

In this study, we showed that neurons could be generated from adult canine bone marrow stem cells by culturing with DMSO/BHA/FeCl2. These neurons differentiated from the bone marrow stem cells formed neurites, expressed neuron-specific markers. This differentiation was enhanced by FeCl2. These results suggest that iron can effectively initiate differentiation of adult bone marrow stem cells into neurons.
Adult* ; Bone Marrow* ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Iron ; Neurites ; Neurons* ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Engineering

AIM: Several injectable materials have been used in the application of osteogenic bone substitute; however, nothing has won universal acceptance. This study was performed to investigate whether chitosan-alginate gel/MSCs/BMP-2 composites are potentially injectable materials for new bone formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The composites were injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of the nude mouse to investigate whether new bone would be tissue engineered in the mouse. The composites were examined histologically over a 12-week period. RESULTS: The composites implanted in the mouse were able to tissue engineer new bone, and the newly formed bone consisted of trabecular bone and calcified bone matrix. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that chitosan-alginate gel/MSCs/BMP-2 composites have the potential to become real injectable materials for new bone formation.
Animals ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Chitosan ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Osteogenesis* ; Tissue Engineering

An endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic study of 25 consecutive cases of hepatic clonorchiasis was performed during the period from Aug. 1986 to Sep. 1991 Hepatic clonorchiasis was confirmed by stool of examination for Clonorchis sinensis. The findings consist of characteristic filling defects and changes in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The filling defects due to adult worms are significant diagnostic criteria of clonorchiasis. Its appearance is elliptical and/or round. The change in the intrahepatic bile ducts consisits of dilatation, irregularity(tortousity and elongation) and blunting of termieal branches of bile tree, irregular stenosis, fuzziness and raggedness. The characteristic changes in the extrahepatic bile ducts in clonorchiasis are duct wall irregularities and mild dilatation of bile duct. ERCP is an excellent method to evaluate biliary tree in patient with clonorchiasis because it reveals not only its characteristic findings of clonorchiasis but also its severity and associated lesions.
Adult ; Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Humans

An endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic study of 25 consecutive cases of hepatic clonorchiasis was performed during the period from Aug. 1986 to Sep. 1991 Hepatic clonorchiasis was confirmed by stool of examination for Clonorchis sinensis. The findings consist of characteristic filling defects and changes in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The filling defects due to adult worms are significant diagnostic criteria of clonorchiasis. Its appearance is elliptical and/or round. The change in the intrahepatic bile ducts consisits of dilatation, irregularity(tortousity and elongation) and blunting of termieal branches of bile tree, irregular stenosis, fuzziness and raggedness. The characteristic changes in the extrahepatic bile ducts in clonorchiasis are duct wall irregularities and mild dilatation of bile duct. ERCP is an excellent method to evaluate biliary tree in patient with clonorchiasis because it reveals not only its characteristic findings of clonorchiasis but also its severity and associated lesions.
Adult ; Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Humans