Enchondroma is a benign tumor mainly developed in the hand and uncommon in the foot. Even if it is in the foot, most are in the phalanges and distal metatarsals of the foot. Enchondroma in the calcaneus is very rare. A 44-year-old male suffered from left heel pain for several months, authors treated it with curettage and bone graft, it was histologically confirmed as an enchondroma in the calcaneus. The authors presented a rare case presentation of an enchondroma in the calcaneus with pain.
Adult ; Calcaneus ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Foot ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Transplants

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of chlorhexidine varnish affects the shear bond strength and failure pattern of orthodontic brackets or not. The experimental group consisted of 22 human premolars which extracted after chlorhexidine varnish application (4 times for 1 week interval) in vivo, and the control group consisted of 22 human premolars which extracted without any pre-treatment. After all teeth wee etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel, metal orthodontic brackets (Q-3002, RMO, USA) were bonded to each tooth using auto-polymerizing orthodontic resin (Ortho-One, Bisco, USA) with the same bonding procedure. The shear bond strength was measured with Instron universal testing machine (model 4466, Instron Ltd., England), and the failure pattern of each bracket was examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SM 840A, JEOL, Japan). The data were analysed statistically with t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Application of chlorhexidine varnish had no significant effect on the shear bond strength of the orthodontic bracket. 2. There was no significant difference in the failure pattern of orthodontic bracket between the experimental group and the control group.
Bicuspid ; Chlorhexidine* ; Humans ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Paint* ; Tooth

STUDY DESIGN: A case report and review of the literature. OBJECTIVES: To discuss an epidural hemangioma and review the literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 56-year-old woman had back pain and pain radiating to the left lower extremity that had gradually worse over 2 weeks. No definite history of trauma was disclosed. The straight leg raising test was positive at 60degree on the left side. Sensation to pinprick was diminished in the L5, S1 dermatome on her left leg. Examination of the left leg revealed weakness of the extensor hallucis longus(3/5 strength). Plain films of the lumbar spine showed degenerative scoliosis and degenerative L4-5 spondylolisthesis with no bone involvement. In retrospective study, T1-,T2-weighted image showed a hyperintense signal mass, unlike an usual MR imaging of epidural hemangioma. A preoperative diagnosis of spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis was made. RESULTS: The mass compressing L5 root was excised through posterior approach and the fusion was performed from L4 to S1 with bone graft, instumentation. A purple encapsulated tumor, size 1.5x1x.8cm, was found. Histopathologic examination revealed a thin walled sinusoidal vascular space of varying sizes, lined with a single layer of endothelial cells, consistent with typical hemangioma. The patient had a complete neurologic recovery and is doing well 5 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although the diagnosis of epidural hemangioma was difficult, because of the rarity of that, we should pay attention to awareness of the possibility of such lesion, differential diagnosis in clinical manifestration, neuroradiologic study.
Back Pain ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; Sensation ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the minimum 10-year follow up results of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed using a sandwich-type (alumina-polyethylene-titanium) ceramic bearing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty four patients (40 hips) who underwent a THA with sandwich typed liners from November 1998 to December 2000 were analyzed. Among the 34 patients, 25 were men and nine were women. Mean follow-up was 134 months (range, 120~145 months) and mean patient age at the time of THA was 47.1 years (range, 24~65 years). The clinical results were evaluated using the Harris hip score and level of thigh pain with a limping gait. The radiographic evaluation was done in terms of the endosteal new bone formation, radiolucent line, subsidence of the stem, migration of the acetabular cup, and proof of loosening. RESULTS: The mean preoperative Harris hip score of 50.2 points (range, 31~87 points) was improved to 90.9 points (range, 75~99 points) at the final follow-up and thigh pain with limping gait in one case. All cases had fixation by bony ingrowth. No radiographically detectable loosening was observed in any hip. Fracture of ceramic liner in one case required change of the polyethylene liner. CONCLUSION: At the minimum 10-year follow up, survival rate as the end-point was favorable. However, fracture of the ceramic is still a major problem. Satisfactory results can be obtained by more precise surgical technique for acerabular inclincation and anteversion, and by improving the quality of the ceramic.
Arthroplasty ; Ceramics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Polyethylene ; Survival Rate ; Tacrine ; Thigh