The power of the Internet, mobile devices, and data science including artificial intelligence is making a big difference in our daily lives. The introduction and proliferation of electronic health records, personal health records, and artificial intelligence in the medical field raises expectations that the future of medical practice will change. Both individuals and medical institutions will receive or perform multiple medical services based on much larger and more complete health and medical datasets. Medicine is also expected to increasingly make use of real world evidence (RWE), based on data supplied in the form of real world data (RWD), that will be applied in the clinical setting in real time. Further, the learning healthcare system will complete the data-driven medicine that will be used to deliver future medical care. For these reasons, doctors need to be more data-friendly and respond to these changes.

The power of the Internet, mobile devices, and data science including artificial intelligence is making a big difference in our daily lives. The introduction and proliferation of electronic health records, personal health records, and artificial intelligence in the medical field raises expectations that the future of medical practice will change. Both individuals and medical institutions will receive or perform multiple medical services based on much larger and more complete health and medical datasets. Medicine is also expected to increasingly make use of real world evidence (RWE), based on data supplied in the form of real world data (RWD), that will be applied in the clinical setting in real time. Further, the learning healthcare system will complete the data-driven medicine that will be used to deliver future medical care. For these reasons, doctors need to be more data-friendly and respond to these changes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of transduced tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) gene expression on growth of human bladder tumor cell lines in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The complete cDNA of TNF-a was introduced to three human bladder tumor cell lines(F-24, J-82, HT-1197) using a retroviral vector, a recombinant form of Molony murine leukemia virus with TNF-a and Neo gene and transfected cells were selected by exposure to neomycin analog G418. Gene transfer and expression were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)-Southern blotting. Cell growth was measured by MTT assay Result is Successful gene transfer and expression were confirmed in all three cell bladder tumor lines. Growth of transfected cells were compared with parental cell lines and no differences were found in all three cell lines(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of transduced TNF-t gene could not show any effect on growth of human bladder tumor cells in vitro.
Cell Line* ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; Necrosis ; Neomycin ; Parents ; Reverse Transcription ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Zidovudine

PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand meaning and essentials in work experiences of delivery room nurses. METHODS: A phenomenological perspective was used for this qualitative research. Ten delivery room nurse with more than 3 years of work experience participated in this study. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with the nurses, between December 2012 and April 2013. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Nine theme clusters and four categories emerged from the data as follows: 1) factors influencing career decision-making, 2) gap between reality and expectations, 3) difficulties with working in the delivery room, and 4) motivation to work in the delivery room. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, strategies to improve working environment of the delivery room nurses are necessary. Also, better policy are required to firmly establish the role of the delivery room nurses' role as recognized professionals.
Delivery Rooms* ; Methods ; Motivation ; Qualitative Research

Experimental vitreous hemorrhage was induced in rabbit eye by rupturing the choroidal vessels mechanically with a 26 gauge needle introduced into the eye through the supero-nasal quadrant of the sclera, 10mm posterior to the limbus. Absorption of vitreous hemorrhage was evaluated by indirect ophthalmoscopy in the following groups and pathological specimens were obtained three months after vitreous hemorrhage. Group I: after vitreous hemorrhage, no additional management was done for control(4 eyes). Group II: vitreous gel was disrupted mechanically with 26 gauge needle to liquefy the vitreous(4 eyes). Group III: 1cc of vitreous waS replaced with the same amount of normal saline prior to vitreous hemorrhage (4 eyes). Group IV: 0.3cc of hyaluronidase (75 units) was injected into the posterior vitreous prior to vitreous hemorrhage (4 eyes). In groups I, II, and IV, vitreous hemorrhages were completely absorbed in 8 to 10 weeks. whereas absorption time was shortened in group m to 6 to 8 weeks. Pathological specimen revealed no infiltrations of inflammatory cells, but only glial proliferations.
Absorption ; Choroid ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; Needles ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Sclera ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

Peripheral arterial disease is an occlusive condition commonly involving the lower extremity vessels. When the aortoiliac region is affected by this disease, conventional management involves surgical bypass and endovascular treatment has been mainly recommended for patients with focal and simple lesions. It has been common strategy to perform endovascular treatment for selected patients with high surgical risk due to its minimally invasive nature. However, recent advances in the devices and techniques for endovascular treatment have resulted in its utilization for treating patients with various disease status and its clinical outcomes are comparable to those of conventional surgery. This review discusses the current diagnostic strategies for peripheral artery disease in the aortoiliac region, followed by the introduction of techniques and devices, and the role of endovascular treatment.

Peripheral arterial disease is an occlusive condition commonly involving the lower extremity vessels. When the aortoiliac region is affected by this disease, conventional management involves surgical bypass and endovascular treatment has been mainly recommended for patients with focal and simple lesions. It has been common strategy to perform endovascular treatment for selected patients with high surgical risk due to its minimally invasive nature. However, recent advances in the devices and techniques for endovascular treatment have resulted in its utilization for treating patients with various disease status and its clinical outcomes are comparable to those of conventional surgery. This review discusses the current diagnostic strategies for peripheral artery disease in the aortoiliac region, followed by the introduction of techniques and devices, and the role of endovascular treatment.

Under the the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to achieve two goals, protecting inpatients from infection and providing appropriate psychiatric treatment for psychiatric emergency patients, including those at an acute psychiatric stage. This paper proposes improvement measures by understanding the status and problems of the psychiatric emergency of South Korea. The confirmed definition of psychiatric emergency from the perspective of the current policy of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, legal regulations, and medical practice was used. The status of psychiatric emergencies from related statistical data was estimated, and the related problems were summarized. First, a data system for the current state of psychiatric emergencies in South Korea is needed. Second, specialized medical resources are needed considering the severity of psychiatric symptoms and COVID-19 infection. Lastly, efforts are needed to secure insufficient medical resources and expand the psychiatric emergency system. South Korea requires the establishment of a psychiatric emergency service system at the national level to overcome the pandemic situation in 2020 and fix pre-existing problems before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous disorder in children and adolescents. Recently, there have been some data concerning the prevalence of POTS in adults. However, current studies on POTS in children and adolescents are rare. Thus, many young patients with POTS are misdiagnosed with migraine or other diseases.Current Concepts: The diagnosis and treatment of POTS differ between pediatric and adult patients. POTS in children and adolescents is diagnosed with chronic symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, such as a heart rate rise of 40 beat per minute (bpm) or a heart rate exceeding 130 bpm without orthostatic hypotension. There are three major POTS categories: hypovolemic POTS, neuropathic POTS, and hyperadrenergic POTS. These categories are distinguished by their major mechanisms. The different subtypes of POTS in children and adolescents have their own clinical characteristics and laboratory findings.Discussion and Conclusion: Treatment of POTS in children and adolescents should always include lifestyle changes, nutritional adjustments, exercise, and drugs depending on the different subtypes of POTS.