1.Pharmacologic Therapy for Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome.
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015;7(2):36-41
Cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a hypercatabolic state, characterized by reduced appetite and weight loss due to ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue. CACS occurs mainly in patients with advanced cancer; thus, weight loss in CACS is often associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival. A large number of studies have been conducted on various pharmacologic agents for palliation of cancer-related anorexia. The purpose of this article is to review the pre-existing pharmacologic agents used for CACS and to evaluate the evidence from current studies on each pharmacologic agent. First, appetite stimulants such as corticosteroids, progestins, cyproheptadine, and cannabinoid have been shown to be beneficial by improving appetite and helping with weight changes even if they had no effect on survival rate. Several other agents with anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid, thalidomide, and melatonin), prokinetic agents (e.g., metoclopramide), anabolic agents (e.g., androgens and growth hormone), antipsychotics (e.g., mirtazapine and olanzapine), and antiemetics have also been studied in patients in CACS; however further investigations would be required to confirm the beneficial effects.
Adipose Tissue
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Adrenal Cortex Hormones
;
Anabolic Agents
;
Androgens
;
Anorexia
;
Antiemetics
;
Antipsychotic Agents
;
Appetite
;
Appetite Stimulants
;
Cachexia
;
Cyproheptadine
;
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
;
Glucocorticoids
;
Humans
;
Muscle, Skeletal
;
Progestins
;
Prognosis
;
Survival Rate
;
Thalidomide
;
Weight Loss
2.Incidence of Febrile Urinary Tract Infection According to Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Congenital Hydronephrosis and Hydronephrotic Patients Diagnosed at First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection.
Geun Jung KIM ; Seonkyeong RHIE ; Jun Ho LEE
Journal of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology 2010;14(2):184-194
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) according to clinical characteristics in patients with congenital hydronephrosis (CH) and hydronephrotic patients first diagnosed with hydronephrosis during treatment of febrile UTII. METHODS: In this study, 200 patients with congenital hydronephrosis were enrolled in group 1 and 252 patients first diagnosed with hydronephrosis during treatment of febrile UTI were enrolled in group 2. We counted the episodes of UTI in the two groups according to clinical characteristics, the presence of VUR, type of feeding, and clinical outcomes since 2000. And we compared those results between the two groups. and compared two groups as well. RESULTS: The incidence of recurrent UTI was 10%, 0.028 per person-year in group 1 and 16.7%, 0.051 per person-year in group 2, respectively (P <0.05). Group 2 had more VUR (3% vs. 27%, P <0.05) and higher incidence of UTI than group 1. The incidence of UTI in patients with CH of Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 4 or grade 4-5 VUR was 80% and 44.4%, respectively. No significant differences were found in incidence of UTI between BMF (breast milk feeding) and artificial milk feeding group in both groups (P 1= 0.274, P 2=0.4). The time of resolution of CH had no correlation with either number of UTI episodes or the presence of VUR. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of UTI is low in patients with CH as well as patients patients first diagnosed with hydronephrosis during treatment of febrile UTI except patients with SFU grade 4 or grade 4-5 VUR. BMF has no protective effect against UTI.
Humans
;
Hydronephrosis
;
Incidence
;
Milk
;
Urinary Tract
;
Urinary Tract Infections
;
Urology
;
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
3.Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea as a Screening Tool for Dementia: The Correlation Study of Subtest Scores With Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination 2nd Edition
Minseong KIM ; Doyun HEO ; Seonkyeong KIM ; Yunjin LEE ; Yong Sung KIM ; Wonjae SUNG ; Hee-Jin KIM
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2025;24(2):126-134
Background:
and Purpose: The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea (CIST-K) was designed to detect cognitive decline. Developed independently and widely used in Korea, it is yet to be validated with other screening tests. This study aimed to introduce normative data to the CIST-K and assess its clinical usefulness through correlation analysis with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2).
Methods:
We enrolled 85 participants from a tertiary university hospital in Korea, including patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease by experienced neurologists. Both the CIST-K and K-MMSE-2 were administered to assess the cognitive function of the participants, with scores from each subtest of the neuropsychological tests compared.
Results:
Multivariate correlation analysis, which was adjusted for age, sex, and education level, revealed a significant correlation between the two tests in orientation, memory, and attention. However, no significant correlation was found between the two tests in visuospatial and language functions.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that some subtests in the CIST-K align with corresponding scores on the K-MMSE-2. However, caution is advised when interpreting visuospatial and language test scores from the CIST-K. Further validity studies are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of each subtest.
4.Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea as a Screening Tool for Dementia: The Correlation Study of Subtest Scores With Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination 2nd Edition
Minseong KIM ; Doyun HEO ; Seonkyeong KIM ; Yunjin LEE ; Yong Sung KIM ; Wonjae SUNG ; Hee-Jin KIM
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2025;24(2):126-134
Background:
and Purpose: The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea (CIST-K) was designed to detect cognitive decline. Developed independently and widely used in Korea, it is yet to be validated with other screening tests. This study aimed to introduce normative data to the CIST-K and assess its clinical usefulness through correlation analysis with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2).
Methods:
We enrolled 85 participants from a tertiary university hospital in Korea, including patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease by experienced neurologists. Both the CIST-K and K-MMSE-2 were administered to assess the cognitive function of the participants, with scores from each subtest of the neuropsychological tests compared.
Results:
Multivariate correlation analysis, which was adjusted for age, sex, and education level, revealed a significant correlation between the two tests in orientation, memory, and attention. However, no significant correlation was found between the two tests in visuospatial and language functions.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that some subtests in the CIST-K align with corresponding scores on the K-MMSE-2. However, caution is advised when interpreting visuospatial and language test scores from the CIST-K. Further validity studies are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of each subtest.
5.Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea as a Screening Tool for Dementia: The Correlation Study of Subtest Scores With Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination 2nd Edition
Minseong KIM ; Doyun HEO ; Seonkyeong KIM ; Yunjin LEE ; Yong Sung KIM ; Wonjae SUNG ; Hee-Jin KIM
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2025;24(2):126-134
Background:
and Purpose: The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea (CIST-K) was designed to detect cognitive decline. Developed independently and widely used in Korea, it is yet to be validated with other screening tests. This study aimed to introduce normative data to the CIST-K and assess its clinical usefulness through correlation analysis with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2).
Methods:
We enrolled 85 participants from a tertiary university hospital in Korea, including patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease by experienced neurologists. Both the CIST-K and K-MMSE-2 were administered to assess the cognitive function of the participants, with scores from each subtest of the neuropsychological tests compared.
Results:
Multivariate correlation analysis, which was adjusted for age, sex, and education level, revealed a significant correlation between the two tests in orientation, memory, and attention. However, no significant correlation was found between the two tests in visuospatial and language functions.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that some subtests in the CIST-K align with corresponding scores on the K-MMSE-2. However, caution is advised when interpreting visuospatial and language test scores from the CIST-K. Further validity studies are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of each subtest.
6.Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea as a Screening Tool for Dementia: The Correlation Study of Subtest Scores With Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination 2nd Edition
Minseong KIM ; Doyun HEO ; Seonkyeong KIM ; Yunjin LEE ; Yong Sung KIM ; Wonjae SUNG ; Hee-Jin KIM
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2025;24(2):126-134
Background:
and Purpose: The Cognitive Impairment Screening Test in Korea (CIST-K) was designed to detect cognitive decline. Developed independently and widely used in Korea, it is yet to be validated with other screening tests. This study aimed to introduce normative data to the CIST-K and assess its clinical usefulness through correlation analysis with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2).
Methods:
We enrolled 85 participants from a tertiary university hospital in Korea, including patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease by experienced neurologists. Both the CIST-K and K-MMSE-2 were administered to assess the cognitive function of the participants, with scores from each subtest of the neuropsychological tests compared.
Results:
Multivariate correlation analysis, which was adjusted for age, sex, and education level, revealed a significant correlation between the two tests in orientation, memory, and attention. However, no significant correlation was found between the two tests in visuospatial and language functions.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that some subtests in the CIST-K align with corresponding scores on the K-MMSE-2. However, caution is advised when interpreting visuospatial and language test scores from the CIST-K. Further validity studies are necessary to enhance the sensitivity of each subtest.
7.A case of Menkes disease caused by novel mutation in the ATP7A gene with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Jin Seok PARK ; Jeong Min LEE ; Chang Seok KI ; Young Eun KIM ; Seonkyeong RHIE ; Kyu Young CHAE
Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society 2014;22(3):186-190
Menkes disease is caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene that lead to intracellular copper transport defects and characterized by brownish twisted (kinky) hair accompanied by growth retardation and intellectual disability. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) production contributes to infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) because NO plays an important role in smooth muscle relaxation. Here we describe a case of Menkes disease and IHPS in a 72-day-old male patient with severe persistent vomiting and convulsions with a novel ATP7A mutation.
Copper
;
Hair
;
Humans
;
Intellectual Disability
;
Male
;
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome*
;
Muscle, Smooth
;
Nitric Oxide
;
Nitric Oxide Synthase
;
Pyloric Stenosis
;
Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*
;
Relaxation
;
Seizures
;
Vomiting