PURPOSE: To investigate the additive effect of oral steroid with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) after cataract surgery. METHODS: Medical records of subjects who underwent uneventful cataract surgery (n = 1,349) were retrospectively reviewed; among these patients, those with pre-existing ERM (n = 81) were included. Patients were divided into two groups: one group had postoperative administration of oral steroid for 1 week (n = 45) and the other group did not have oral steroid administration (n = 36). Changes in macular thickness and incidence of CME were compared in both groups. Topical NSAIDs were administered in both groups for 1 month postoperatively. Definite CME and probable CME were defined by changes in retinal contour with or without cystoid changes. Change in central macular thickness of more than three standard deviations (≥90.17 µm) was defined as possible CME. Macular thickness was measured at 1 month after the operation by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The incidence of definite, probable, and possible CME were 2.22%, 4.44%, and 8.89% with the use of steroid and 2.78%, 5.56%, and 8.33% without steroid, respectively (p = 0.694, p = 0.603, and p = 0.625), and regardless of treatment group, the incidences in these patients were higher compared to incidences in whole subjects (1.26%, 2.30%, and 4.32%; p = 0.048, p = 0.032, and p = 0.038, respectively). The differences in macular thickness were not statistically different between the two groups. Average changes of central foveal thickness in 3 mm and 6 mm zone were 29.29 µm, 35.93 µm, and 38.02 µm with the use of steroid and 32.25 µm, 44.08 µm, and 45.39 µm without steroid (p = 0.747, p = 0.148, and p = 0.077, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that administration of oral steroid may not have a synergistic effect in reduction of CME and retinal thickness in patients with pre-existing ERM after cataract surgery, when topical NSAIDs are applied.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Cataract* ; Epiretinal Membrane* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema* ; Medical Records ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression Methods: A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute–applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p < 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77–51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression Methods: A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute–applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p < 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77–51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression Methods: A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute–applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p < 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77–51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression Methods: A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute–applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p < 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77–51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression Methods: A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute–applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p < 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77–51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.

The use of a balloon guide catheter (BGC) in the endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke is known to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the procedure by reducing the risk of distal embolization. During the procedure, the balloon of the catheter causes a temporary arrest of cerebral blood flow. However, failure of the balloon to deflate during the BGC procedure can result in catastrophic complications, including aggravated hypoxic damage.
This paper aims to share the resolution and methodological analysis of our experience with BGC balloon deflation failure, which was confirmed by a reproducible experiment under similar conditions.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis prediction between two preoperative measurement devices: the optical biometry (IOLMaster 500 or IOLMaster 700) and the dual Scheimpflug topography (Galilei G4) Methods: Medical records of 64 eyes from 44 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber toric IOL (Zeiss AT TORBI 709M) implantation between July 2017 and January 2022 were reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation by optical biometry (IOLMaster 500 or IOLMaster 700) and Galilei G4. The gold-standard axis that minimizes astigmatism was calculated by the online Toric Results Analyzer postoperatively and compared to the preoperative toric IOL axis calculated by the Z CALC Online IOL Calculator using parameters from either IOLMaster or Galilei G4. The axis error (AE) and the absolute AE (AAE) between the gold-standard axis and the preoperative calculated axis were analyzed to assess the accuracy of each device. Results: The mean flat keratometry and steep keratometry were 42.99 diopters (D) and 45.61 D, respectively, in IOLMaster, and 43.04 D and 45.51 D, respectively, in Galilei G4, which did not show any significant difference. The mean keratometric astigmatism was 2.62 D in IOLMaster and 2.46 D in Galilei G4, which also did not show any statistical difference. The keratometric astigmatism axis did not show any significant difference between IOLMaster and Galilei G4. The mean AE and AAE were 0.19° and 6.84°, respectively, by IOLMaster, and –0.80° and 7.98°, respectively, by Galilei G4. The AE and AAE by IOLMaster did not show any significant difference compared to those of Galilei G4 (p = 0.583, and p = 0.346, respectively). Conclusions This study suggests that the Galilei G4 demonstrated a similar level of accuracy to the IOLMaster in predicting the toric IOL axis, based on the gold-standard axis provided by the Toric Results Analyzer.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis prediction between two preoperative measurement devices: the optical biometry (IOLMaster 500 or IOLMaster 700) and the dual Scheimpflug topography (Galilei G4) Methods: Medical records of 64 eyes from 44 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber toric IOL (Zeiss AT TORBI 709M) implantation between July 2017 and January 2022 were reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation by optical biometry (IOLMaster 500 or IOLMaster 700) and Galilei G4. The gold-standard axis that minimizes astigmatism was calculated by the online Toric Results Analyzer postoperatively and compared to the preoperative toric IOL axis calculated by the Z CALC Online IOL Calculator using parameters from either IOLMaster or Galilei G4. The axis error (AE) and the absolute AE (AAE) between the gold-standard axis and the preoperative calculated axis were analyzed to assess the accuracy of each device. Results: The mean flat keratometry and steep keratometry were 42.99 diopters (D) and 45.61 D, respectively, in IOLMaster, and 43.04 D and 45.51 D, respectively, in Galilei G4, which did not show any significant difference. The mean keratometric astigmatism was 2.62 D in IOLMaster and 2.46 D in Galilei G4, which also did not show any statistical difference. The keratometric astigmatism axis did not show any significant difference between IOLMaster and Galilei G4. The mean AE and AAE were 0.19° and 6.84°, respectively, by IOLMaster, and –0.80° and 7.98°, respectively, by Galilei G4. The AE and AAE by IOLMaster did not show any significant difference compared to those of Galilei G4 (p = 0.583, and p = 0.346, respectively). Conclusions This study suggests that the Galilei G4 demonstrated a similar level of accuracy to the IOLMaster in predicting the toric IOL axis, based on the gold-standard axis provided by the Toric Results Analyzer.