Hepatic hemangioma is one of the most frequent benign neoplasms of the liver. Yet, hyalinized hemangioma represents a regressed form of cavernous hemangioma, a very rare disease that has only been reported in two patients in Korea. Hyalinized hemangiomas are characterized by severe sclerosis and are occasionally misdiagnosed as malignancies. Hemangiomas have identifiable features on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, the radiologic differential diagnosis is extensive and should include malignant tumors. We report a very rare case of hyalinized hepatic hemangioma and present a review of the literature.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rare Diseases ; Sclerosis

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumor that rarely occurs in the abdomen. We report a very rare case of an abdominal SFT in the lesser omentum. A 39-year-old Korean man was referred to our center for management of a 9 cm incidental mass in the abdominal space found on a chest computed tomography (CT) during a routine medical examination. He had no symptoms, and there were no specific findings on physical examination. A contrast enhancement CT was performed, and an extraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach or a pancreatic origin mass was suspected. Surgery was performed and an enclosed mass in the lesser omentum was observed, which was resected completely. The postoperative course was uneventful. Based on microscopy, the omental tumor was diagnosed as SFT.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumor that rarely occurs in the abdomen. We report a very rare case of an abdominal SFT in the lesser omentum. A 39-year-old Korean man was referred to our center for management of a 9 cm incidental mass in the abdominal space found on a chest computed tomography (CT) during a routine medical examination. He had no symptoms, and there were no specific findings on physical examination. A contrast enhancement CT was performed, and an extraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach or a pancreatic origin mass was suspected. Surgery was performed and an enclosed mass in the lesser omentum was observed, which was resected completely. The postoperative course was uneventful. Based on microscopy, the omental tumor was diagnosed as SFT.

Total gastrectomy has been a standard treatment for upper-third early gastric cancer for decades. Supplementation is essential after total gastrectomy due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Additionally, postoperative complications, such as reflux esophagitis, anastomotic stricture, leakage, and malnutrition, are the main issues. Proximal gastrectomy is considered an alternative treatment for upper-third early gastric cancer. As a function-preserving gastrectomy it is known that the incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency is low and due to its various reconstruction methods we can easily overcome major postoperative complications. Therefore, we aimed to review about proximal gastrectomy, how it is reconstructed, and complications after reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Although one lung ventilation (OLV) is frequently used for facilitating thoracic surgical procedures, arterial hypoxemia can occur while using one lung anesthesia. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 5 or 10 cmH2O to the non-ventilating lung is commonly recommended to prevent hypoxemia. We evaluated the effects of incremental CPAP to the non-ventilating lung on arterial oxygenation and pulmonary shunt without obstruction of the surgical field during OLV. METHODS: Twenty patients that were scheduled for one lung anesthesia were included in this study. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic data and blood gas analysis was recorded every fifteen minutes according to the patient's positions and CPAP levels. CPAP was applied from 0 cmH2O by 3 cmH2O increments until a surgeon notifies that the surgical field was obstructed by the expanded lung. Following that, pulmonary shunt fraction (QS/QT) was calculated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of QS/QT between supine and lateral positions with two lung ventilation (TLV). OLV significantly decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and increased QS/QT compared to TLV. PaO2 and QS/QT significantly improved at 6 and 9 cmH2O of CPAP compared to 0 cmH2O. However, there were no significant differences of PaO2 and QS/QT between 6 and 9 cmH2O CPAP. In 18 patients (90%), surgical fields were obstructed at 9 cmH2O CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that 6 cmH2O CPAP effectively improved arterial oxygenation without interference of the surgical field during OLV when CPAP was applied from 0 cmH2O in 3 cmH2O increments.
Anesthesia ; Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: Hybrid therapy with catheter ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) and continuation of anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD), or electrical cardioversion with AADs might be alternative treatments for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The goal of study was to assess the long term success rate of hybrid therapy for persistent AF compared to antiarrhythmic medication therapy after electrical cardioversion and identify the independent risk factors associated with recurrence after hybrid therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 patients with persistent AF who developed atrial flutter after the administration of a class Ic or III anti-arrhythmic drug were enrolled. This group was compared with a group (33 patients) who underwent cardioversion and received direct current cardioversion with AADs. Baseline data were collected, and electrocardiogram and symptom driven Holter monitoring were performed every 2-4 months. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the groups. The 12 month atrial arrhythmia free survival was better in the hybrid group, 49.0% vs. 33.1%, p=0.048. However, during a mean 55.7+/-43.0 months of follow up, the improved survival rate regressed (p=0.25). A larger left atrium size was an independent risk factor for the recurrence of AF after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Despite favorable outcome during 12 month, the CTI block with AADs showed outcomes similar to AAD therapy after electrical cardioversion over a 12 month follow up period. Minimal substrate modification with AADs might be an alternative treatment for persistent AF with minimal atrial remodeling.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation/*drug therapy/mortality/*surgery ; Catheter Ablation/*methods/mortality ; Combined Modality Therapy ; *Electric Countershock/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/mortality/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Tricuspid Valve

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare temperatures measured at three different sites where a nasopharyngeal temperature probe is commonly placed. METHODS: Eighty elective abdominal surgical patients were enrolled. After anesthesia induction, four temperature probes were placed at the nasal cavity, upper portion of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the esophagus. The placement of the nasopharyngeal temperature probes was evaluated using a flexible nasendoscope, and the depth from the nares was measured. The four temperatures were simultaneously recorded at 10-minute intervals for 60 minutes. RESULTS: The average depths of the probes that were placed in the nasal cavity, upper nasopharynx, and the oropharynx were respectively 5.7 ± 0.9 cm, 9.9 ± 0.7 cm, and 13.6 ± 1.7 cm from the nares. In the baseline temperatures, the temperature differences were significantly greater in the nasal cavity 0.32 (95% CI; 0.27-0.37)℃ than in the nasopharynx 0.02 (0.01-0.04)℃, and oropharynx 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05)℃ compared with the esophagus (P < 0.001). These differences were maintained for 60 minutes. Twenty patients showed a 0.5℃ or greater temperature difference between the nasal cavity and the esophagus, but no patient showed such a difference at the nasopharynx and oropharynx. CONCLUSIONS: During general anesthesia, the temperatures measured at the upper nasopharynx and the oropharynx, but not the nasal cavity, reflected the core temperature. Therefore, the authors recommend that a probe should be placed at the nasopharynx (≈ 10 cm) or oropharynx (≈ 14 cm) with mucosal attachment for accurate core temperature measurement.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasopharynx ; Oropharynx ; Thermometers

Central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare and fatal condition resulting from various central nervous system disorders that is characterized by a failure of automatic breathing. We report a case of central hypoventilation syndrome following posterior circulation stroke whose pulmonary function was improved by respiratory rehabilitation. A 59-year-old woman with a history of hemorrhagic stroke of the bilateral cerebellum was hospitalized due to pneumonia. A portable ventilator was applied via tracheostomy, recurrent episodes of apnea and hypercapnia impeded weaning. A respiratory rehabilitation program including chest wall range of motion exercise, air stacking exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on abdominal muscles, upper extremity ergometer, locomotor training, high-frequency chest wall oscillator, mechanical insufflation, and exsufflation was employed, as spirometry showed a severe restrictive pattern. A spontaneous breathing trial was started, and a portable ventilator was applied for 8 hours, only during nighttime, to prevent sudden apneic event. After 4 weeks of treatment, follow-up spirometry showed much improved respiratory parameters. This case suggests that respiratory rehabilitation can improve pulmonary function parameters and quality of life in central hypoventilation syndrome.
Abdominal Muscles ; Apnea ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Cerebellum ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Hypoventilation ; Insufflation ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Respiration ; Respiratory Center ; Spirometry ; Stroke ; Thoracic Wall ; Tracheostomy ; Upper Extremity ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weaning

Central venous catheterization is often necessary to manage critically ill patients in the intensive care unit and some surgical patients in the operating room. However, this procedure can lead to various complications. We experienced a case of subclavian venous catheterization that was complicated by looping, kinking, knotting, and entrapment of the guidewire. We were able to identify the extravascular looping and knotting of the guidewire under fluoroscopy and consequently removed it successfully. We suggest that a guidewire should be confirmed by fluoroscopic imaging if it has become entrapped.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Critical Illness ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Operating Rooms

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) causes perioperative cardiovascular instability. A rapid increase in the desflurane concentration induces tachycardia and hypertension (HTN). This study examined the effects of the cardiovascular response to desflurane on patients with diabetic CAN. METHODS: Forty diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with CAN were divided two groups: one with HTN (DM+HTN group, n = 17) and one without HTN (DM group, n = 23). The control group (n = 20) was composed of healthy patients without DM or HTN. In each group, the concentration of desflurane inspired was increased abruptly to 12.0 vol% 2 minutes after a thiopental injection. The target was to produce an end-tidal concentration of desflurane of 10.0 vol%, which was maintained until the end of the study by adjusting the vaporizer dial setting. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac index (CI) were measured. RESULTS: The HR, MAP and CI increased significantly in all three groups when compared with the baseline (P<0.05). Additionally, the HR and MAP showed did not differ among the three groups at any of sampling times. However, the CI of the DM group and the DM+HTN group differed when compared with the control group at 90 and 120 seconds after intubation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In diabetic patients with CAN, the hemodynamic responses to a rapid increase in desflurane concentration are similar to those in non-diabetic patients before endotracheal intubation. However, after endotracheal intubation, increments in CI are blunted in diabetic patients with CAN.
Arterial Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Isoflurane ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental