PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practice education on CPR knowledge, attitude, confidence, learning satisfaction and performance of the personal assistants for the disabled. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group. The participants were 62 personal assistants for the disabled. Thirty-one subjects were assigned to an experimental group and the remaining subjects were assigned to a control group. The date collected were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program by descriptive statistics, χ2-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. RESULTS: CPR practice education was found to have a meaningful effect on CPR knowledge (p<.001), learning satisfaction (p<.001), and performance (p<.001) of the personal assistants for the disabled. CONCLUSION: Considering these results, it would be useful to develop CPR practice curriculum to enhance CPR knowledge, attitude, confidence, learning satisfaction and performance of the personal assistants for the disabled.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Humans ; Learning ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Overhanging bleb after trabeculectomy is a late complication which can cause visual disturbance, ocular pain and even be a risk factor of late endophthalmitis. When it fails to be managed with conservative and less invasive treatment, the bleb is to be excised surgically. In this case, the shortage of conjunctiva in the course of partial excision of the bleb was successfully managed by human amniotic membrane transplantation. Amniotic membrane is avascular tissue with thick basement membrane and rich stroma, and it can supply the conjunctiva with basement membrane and growth factors. We report the usefulness of amniotic membrane transplantation as a temporary substitute of conjunctiva and a source of stroma for its growth in the excision of overhanging bleb.
Amnion* ; Basement Membrane ; Blister* ; Conjunctiva ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Risk Factors ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to identify the effects of providing support programs to families of elderly with dementia on family empowerment and attitudes toward dementia. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used. Participants were 49 family caregivers, experimental (24) and control (25), recruited from families through a dementia support center in Y district. This program implemented Haearim, a support program for family caregivers of demented elders developed by the National Institute of Dementia in 2016. Outcome measures were empowerment and attitudes toward to dementia. Data were analyzed with a χ2-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact probability test, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/PC version 20.0. RESULTS: Family empowerment (F=6.84, p=.002) and family caregivers' attitudes (F=16.48, p < .001) toward dementia in the experimental group improved significantly more than that of the control group after intervention. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that support programs for families of elderly with dementia are effective in positively changing empowerment and attitudes toward dementia among family caregivers.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Dementia ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of parenteral nutrition (PN) use in Korea. METHODS: The Korean Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database records in 2015 on PN-treated patients were used. ADRs classified as “certain,”“probable,” and “possible” based on the WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 21,436 ADRs from 2,346 patients were included for analysis. The mean patient age was 57.1 years and the mean number of ADRs per patient was 9.1. ADRs were reported frequently with amino acids solutions (682 events, 40.8%), followed by combinations products (519 events, 31.1%), and fat emulsions (363 events, 21.7%). The frequent ADRs were gastrointestinal (507 events, 30.3%), skin (343 events, 20.5%), general disorders (239 events, 14.3%), and central/peripheral nervous system disorders (165 events, 9.9%). The common clinical symptoms were nausea (321 events, 19.2%), vomiting (105 events, 6.3%), and vein pain (102 events, 6.1%). Serious ADRs accounted for 220 patients (9.4%) and dyspnea was the most frequent clinical manifestation. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed the KAERS data in 2015 from patients treated with PN and revealed gastrointestinal and skin disorders to be the leading ADRs.
Amino Acids ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Dyspnea ; Emulsions ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nausea ; Nervous System Diseases ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Skin ; Veins ; Vomiting

Late bleb leak after trabeculectomy is a serious and intractable complication and its frequency is increasing as antimetabolites are used in the surgery. Various modalities have been challenged in the treatment of late bleb leak but the results have not been satisfactory.Amniotic membrane is avascular tissue with thick basement membrane and rich stroma, and it can modulate wound.As it does not express HLA, it doesn t induce graft rejection. With the use of these characteristics of amniotic membrane, we report a case in which late bleb leak after trabeculectomy with MMC was successfully treated with amniotic membrane transplantation maintaining bleb function.
Amnion* ; Antimetabolites ; Basement Membrane ; Blister* ; Graft Rejection ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Trabeculectomy

Purpose: Conventional gonadal shields are manufactured in standardized sizes and shapes and do not conform to individual testicular contours, causing discomfort. We developed a novel patientspecific gonadal shield using thermoplastic sheets and tested its feasibility through dosimetric evaluations. Methods: During the computed tomography simulation, custom lead shields were fabricated using thermoplastic sheets that were molded to the testicular shape of the patient. The shielding efficacy was evaluated using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) for point dose measurements. Results: The thermoplastic sheet was molded to fit closely to the skin with a minimal air gap of approximately 8.4 cm³, providing comfort to the patient during treatment. The patient-specific shield effectively reduced the surface dose from 28 cGy to less than 15 cGy. By combining the OSLDs located in the same row and calculating the mean dose value, a shielding effect was achieved with a maximum dose reduction of 56.1%. Conclusions Customized gonadal shields were successfully created using thermoplastic sheets to minimize patient discomfort during application. However, further improvements in lead shield fabrication are needed to ensure full conformity.

Herein, we provide a concise review of the critical role of motion management in radiation therapy, with a focus on photon radiation therapy, real-time control of respiratory motion, and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The dynamic nature of human anatomy, particularly in regions prone to movement such as the thoracic and abdominal areas, poses significant challenges in accurately targeting tumors during radiation therapy. This review explores the implications of organ and tumor motion, emphasizing the necessity for precise treatment delivery. We assess the advancements in four-dimensional (4D) imaging techniques such as 4D computed tomography, which provide time-resolved images for enhanced treatment planning. The review highlights various motion management strategies, including motionencompassing methods, respiratory-gating, breath-hold techniques, and real-time tumor tracking, discussing their implementation and impact on treatment efficacy. The role of IGRT in lung SBRT is particularly emphasized, showcasing how real-time imaging and advanced targeting techniques enhance the precision of high-dose radiation delivery while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This comprehensive review aims to underscore the significance of integrating motion management in radiation therapy, highlighting its pivotal role in improving treatment accuracy, reducing toxicity, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in cancer care.

Purpose: Accurate operation of the multi-leaf collimator (MLC), a key technology in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), is essential for safe and optimal radiation treatment. The HalcyonTM linear accelerator has a collimator with low leakage and radiation transmission, making it suitable for IMRT. The limitations of the existing HalcyonTM MLC quality assurance (QA) method were supplemented with a mathematical method, and the results were analyzed. Methods: Electric portal imaging device (EPID) images obtained by performing the MLC QA plan on the HalcyonTM was analyzed using Python. The picket fence tests were performed and compared using the maximum pixel value and mathematical methods. Dose rate, gantry speed, and leaf speed variation plan were performed for dose transmission comparison. Results: For the maximum pixel value, the minimum distance between leaf junctions was 13.86 mm, and the maximum was 16.06 mm. However, for the mathematical method, the minimum and maximum were 14.54 mm and 15.68 mm, respectively. This suggests that setting the peak value to the highest value may cause an error in interpretation due to the limitations of the pixels of the EPID image. Performing QA on the remaining items confirmed that the measured values were within 3% of tolerance. Conclusions The presented analysis method applied to the MLC QA can derive more reasonable and valid values than existing methods, which will help with MLC monitoring by reducing errors in excessive interpretation.

Purpose: Conventional gonadal shields are manufactured in standardized sizes and shapes and do not conform to individual testicular contours, causing discomfort. We developed a novel patientspecific gonadal shield using thermoplastic sheets and tested its feasibility through dosimetric evaluations. Methods: During the computed tomography simulation, custom lead shields were fabricated using thermoplastic sheets that were molded to the testicular shape of the patient. The shielding efficacy was evaluated using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) for point dose measurements. Results: The thermoplastic sheet was molded to fit closely to the skin with a minimal air gap of approximately 8.4 cm³, providing comfort to the patient during treatment. The patient-specific shield effectively reduced the surface dose from 28 cGy to less than 15 cGy. By combining the OSLDs located in the same row and calculating the mean dose value, a shielding effect was achieved with a maximum dose reduction of 56.1%. Conclusions Customized gonadal shields were successfully created using thermoplastic sheets to minimize patient discomfort during application. However, further improvements in lead shield fabrication are needed to ensure full conformity.

Herein, we provide a concise review of the critical role of motion management in radiation therapy, with a focus on photon radiation therapy, real-time control of respiratory motion, and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The dynamic nature of human anatomy, particularly in regions prone to movement such as the thoracic and abdominal areas, poses significant challenges in accurately targeting tumors during radiation therapy. This review explores the implications of organ and tumor motion, emphasizing the necessity for precise treatment delivery. We assess the advancements in four-dimensional (4D) imaging techniques such as 4D computed tomography, which provide time-resolved images for enhanced treatment planning. The review highlights various motion management strategies, including motionencompassing methods, respiratory-gating, breath-hold techniques, and real-time tumor tracking, discussing their implementation and impact on treatment efficacy. The role of IGRT in lung SBRT is particularly emphasized, showcasing how real-time imaging and advanced targeting techniques enhance the precision of high-dose radiation delivery while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This comprehensive review aims to underscore the significance of integrating motion management in radiation therapy, highlighting its pivotal role in improving treatment accuracy, reducing toxicity, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in cancer care.