Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma, with an incidence of about 0.8% to 5% per million people per year, accounting for 1% of soft tissue sarcomas. In its early stage, DFSP is typically found as a violet or pinkish macule or patch, and it can develop into a palpable mass with ulceration or bleeding. The standard treatment for DFSP is wide local excision of the tumor with a 2- to 3-cm negative margin, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy can be conducted with surgical treatment. A 35-year-old man had a palpable mass on the left side of his occipital scalp without color change, ulceration, or bleeding, which typically are present in malignancy. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a 3-cm homogenous enhanced mass without adhesion between the scalp and the mass. Unexpectedly, a biopsy revealed the round mass to be DFSP. A wide excision and rotation of the scalp flap were performed. The patient recovered without any complications and received adjuvant radiotherapy at a dose of 60 Gray (Gy) for six weeks. There was no recurrence through six months of follow-up. Here we report this unique case of DFSP with atypical presentation.

Lupus pernio is the most characteristic cutaneous lesion of sarciodosis and this presents as an indurated red to blue-purple, swollen, shiny lesion that is often localized on the nose, cheeks, lips or ears of middle-aged female adults. It is a chronic malady that rarely shows spontaneous remission, and it sometimes causes deformity. It generally occurs as cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis patients with a long duration of disease, and not as early cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis. This case concerns a 43-year-old woman who presented with a 1 year history of firm erythematous and violaceous plaque with multiple erythematous and violaceous papules on the collumella and right nasal cavity. Skin biopsy showed noncaseasting granuloma. Herein, we report on a typical case of lupus pernio as the early cutaneous presentation of sarcoidosis, which has rarely been reported in the Korean literature. We suggest that early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent deformity.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lip ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Sarcoidosis ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence of reading and mathematical learning disabilities of students at primary schools in Jeju Island, South Korea. We examined major causes of learning disabilities including reading disorder, mathematical disorder, attention deficit, and other causes including socioemotional factors. METHODS: We conducted screening processes to 659 participants (340 male, 51%) in 4 elementary schools in Jeju Island. To identify the causes of learning problems, 84 children were administered tests such as the Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition, the Comprehensive Learning Test-Reading/Math, and the Comprehensive Attention Test. RESULTS: This study found that 13% of elementary school students in the Jeju region had learning disabilities. Among learning disabilities, specific reading and mathematical disorders accounted for 9% of study subjects. In addition, 2% of participants had intellectual impairment and 1% had other causes such as socioemotional factors. 65% of children with learning disabilities and 74% of children with reading or mathematic disorders had concurrent attention deficit disorder. 68% of children with reading disorders also had comorbid mathematical disorder. CONCLUSION: The prevalence, causes, and comorbidity of reading and mathematical learning disabilities of students in Jeju Island, South Korea did not differ from those in foreign countries. Because most learning disabilities are complex, comprehensive evaluations and tailored interventions are necessary to help children with learning disabilities.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child* ; Comorbidity ; Dyscalculia ; Dyslexia ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Learning Disorders* ; Learning* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mathematics ; Prevalence*

Myxoma is a locally invasive neoplasm usually involving the jaw bones, typically occurs between the second and fourth decades. This tumor may comprise 3%-6% of odontogenic tumors. Myxomas of the soft tissue of the face are very rare. We present an unusual case of myxofibroma occurring in a 13-year-old man involving the soft tissue of the face. It congenitally occurred and was a 1 cm sized, ovoid in shape, swelling located on the glabella without any symptoms. An excisional biopsy was performed. A well encapsulated ovoid mass was attached to the corrugator supercilli muscle below the frontalis muscle. It was measured 1.1 x 1 x 0.8 cm and completely excised. Histological examination revealed myxofibroma showing stellate and spinde-shaped cells throughout myxoid ground substance. The unusual features of this case are the site of the tumor, which was localized to the non-tooth bearing area of the mandible and its congenital occurrence history.

Objectives: It is crucial to establish the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks at army training centers to develop preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the COVID-19 transmission patterns and risk factors in a sequence of outbreaks at an army training center from June to August 2021. Methods: This study included 1,324 trainees at an army training center where outbreaks occurred from June to August 2021. The outbreak was qualitatively analyzed according to the period, attack rate, demographic characteristics, vaccination history, and living areas. An aerodynamic experiment was performed to evaluate aerosol transmission in living areas. Results: Three outbreaks occurred at the army training center from June to August 2021. The first, second, and third outbreaks lasted for 32, 17, and 24 days, and the attack rates were 12.8%, 18.1%, and 8.9%, respectively. Confirmed cases were distributed in all age groups. Recruits and the unvaccinated were at higher risk for COVID-19. The aerodynamic experiment verified the possibility of aerosol transmission within the same living area. Conclusion COVID-19 transmission at army training centers should be minimized through quarantine and post-admission testing during the latency period as part of integrated measures that include facility ventilation, vaccination, indoor mask-wearing, and social distancing.