In rat kidney, the changes in concentrations of nucleotides and their derivatives during ischemia induced by renal artery ligation was measured quantitatively with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After the ligation of renal artery for 60minutes, the concentrations of the nucleotides and derivatives to 80.7±18.39 µg (p<0.01); ATP, 307.2±56.68 µg to 47.6±5.95µg (p<0.01); ADP+AMP, 227.1±7.98 µg to 61.4±3.92 µg (P<0.01); NAD+, 217.9±4.49 µg to 126.6±10.44 µg (P<0.01); GTP, 202.5±23.76 µg to 117.7±14.24 µg (P<0.05); GMP, 54.5±9.03µg to 23.7±0.46 µg (p<0.05), and inosine, 16.6±3.45 µg to 7.8±0.87 µg (P<0.05). But hypoxanthine and xanthine were significantly increased from 113.0±15.58µg to 159.7±12.97µg (P<0.05) and from 87.7±6.77µg to 173.1±12.52µg (P<0.01). In ischemic kidney, concentration of ATP was decreased to 39.9% of control at 10 minutes, 19.8% at 30 minutes, and 15.5% at 60 minutes, and ADP+AMP were decreased to 70.3% of control at 10 minutes, 67.3% at 30 minutes, and to 27.0% at 60 minutes, but hypoxanthine and xanthine were increased to 121.5% and 127.1% at 10 minutes, 126.0% and 174.4% at 30 minutes, and 141.4% and 197.3% at 60 minutes. Total adenosine nucleotides were decreased to 20.3% of control during 60 minutes of ischemia, but hypoxanthine and xanthine were increased to 157.5% of control. These results suggest that the changes in the concentration of nucleotides and their metabolic derivatives are useful indices of the extents of tissue ischemia in rat kidney.
Adenosine ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Hypoxanthine ; Inosine ; Ischemia* ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Nucleotides* ; Rats* ; Renal Artery ; Xanthine

The development of multidrug-resistant tumor cell population is a major problem in the chemotherapy of human cancer. These cells are often cross resistant to unrelated drugs and the precise mechanisms of multidrug resistant phenotype of tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Cisplatin resistant tumor cell (SNU-1/Cis₅) was induced from human stomach cancer cell line (SNU-1) in vitro. Growth profiles of survival cells were observed during 5 days by thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. To investigate the cross resistance of various anticancer drugs in SNU-1 and SNU-1/Cis5, We compared the value of IC₅₀-drug concentration at 50% survival of control and gained relative resistances (RR). The RR for SNC-1/Cis₅ were as follows; vinblastine, > 43.0; epirubicin, 22.9; dactinomycin, 16.0; etoposide, 15.0; vincristine, 9.2; adriamycin, 5.7; aclarubicin, 5.3. But 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, daunorubicin have not cross resistance with cisplatin. Resistant inhibition values of 10µM verapamil for SNU-1/Cis₅ were as follows; vincristine, 13.1; epirubicin, 10.0; etoposide, 6.3; vinblastine, 4.4; dactinomycin, 3.6; daunorubicin, 2.4. Membrane proteins of 51,400 and 81,300 daltons were identified by radioiodination with SDS-PAGE, which might represented the drug resistance.
Aclarubicin ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin* ; Dactinomycin ; Daunorubicin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Drug Therapy ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epirubicin ; Etoposide ; Fluorouracil ; Humans* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Proteins ; Methotrexate ; P-Glycoprotein ; Phenotype ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Verapamil* ; Vinblastine ; Vincristine

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Plasma* ; Somatomedins*

Glutathione(GSH) has a very important role in detoxification of cells and is closely related to antitumor drug-resistance of cancer cells. In order to evaluate the importance of glutathione metabolism in the drug-resistant cancer cells, the concentration of celluar GSH and activities of y-glutamylcysteine synthetase(GCS), y-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) in the adriamycin, vincristine, or cisplatin resistant L1210 (L1210AdR; L1210VcR, or L12100s) sublines were measured. Expression and amplification of GCS, GGT, and GST-i7 genes were also observed in the parent L1210 and the drug-resistant L1210 sublines. The concentration of GSH was increased 5.34 fold in L12100s, 2.83 fold in L1210VcR, and 1.78 fo-d in L1210AdR, compared to L1210. The activities of GCS and GGT were -increased in drug-resistant L1210 sublines. The GST activity was increased in L1210VcR and L1210Cis but decreased in L1210AdR compared to L1210. Expression of GCS, GGT, and GST-rr genes were increased in the resistant L1210 sublines compare to the parent L1210 in northern blot analyses. Overexpression of GCS, GGT, and GST-77 were observed in the resistant sublines, and the increases of the concentration of glutathione and the activities of GCS and GGT in the resistant sublines may be involved in a part of the drug-resistance in the resistant sublines.
Blotting, Northern ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Parents ; Vincristine

By the human is getting older, the factors which can the reason of the aging process in the frontal region are divided, static factor and dynamic factor. the static factor is gravity, and the dynamic factor is repeatitive competition of depressosr muscles and elevator muscles. the depressor muscles are corrugator muscle, procerus muscle and orbicularis oculi muscle and the elevator muscle is frontalis muscle. Correction methods of this aging process are divided to non-surgical and surgical method. Non-surgical method are Atecoll and fat injection, and using botulinum toxin. But the effect of these method is temporary and limited, and if the skin laxity is great, this method cannot be used. Surgical methods are laser, chemical peeling, dermabrasion, classical forehead lift which is dissected superficial to galea aponeurosis or subperiosteal plane through coronal or hairline incision, and endoscopy method that the corrugator muscle and procerus muscle are transected by using endoscope, and then the posterior elevation of forehead flap is induced. the endoscopy method is the most popular method in recent years, which has the many advantages of minimal incision, less amount of bleeding and lower complication, but expensive equipment, adaptation and training period are needed. We present the result of 10 patients from May. 1996 to Jan. 1997. After the superior orbital rim exposed through upper eyelid incision, the corrugator muscle was resected while careful attention to the supraorbital n. which was located behind the orbicularis oculi muscle. A communication was made through both sided of medial canthal area, and after the procerus muscle was resected, the fat graft was inserted between them. Finally, we made periosteal incision superiorly, and subperiosteal forehead lift was done without using endoscope.
Aging ; Botulinum Toxins ; Dermabrasion ; Elevators and Escalators ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Eyelids ; Fibrinogen ; Forehead* ; Gravitation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Skin ; Transplants

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disease in childhood and it causes not only mental retardation but also growth retardation. There were many papers about evaluation of developmental outcome in congenital hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth outcome in congenital hypothyroidism. We evaluated 65 patients with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed at Yonsei University College of Medicine. The results were summerized as follows; 1) The Male to female ratio was 1:1.4 2) Among the 65 patients, under 1 year of age with 16 cases (24.6%), 1~4 years with 19 cases (29.2%), 5~10 years with 22 cases (33.8%), above 10 years with 8 cases (12.3%). 3) Among the 65 patients, 30 cases (46%) had ectopic thyroid, 18 cases (28%) had dyshormonogeneses, 10 cases (15%) had hypoplasia and 7 cases (11%) had aplasia. 4) At the initial diagnosis, all the patients showed decreased T3, T4 and increased TSH level. 5) Before treatment, bone age and height age were delayed but they were normalized after treatment. 6) There was correlation between age of initial treatment and current height percentile. 7) There was significant correlation between initial T3 level and height age delay. 8) In the 4 cases who were diagnosed and treated before the age of 4, final adult height would be achieved within normal range. In conclusion, delayed growth due to congenital hypothyroidism would be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the recognition of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized.
Adult ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Reference Values ; Thyroid Dysgenesis

No abstract available.
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland*