The p53 gene is believed to play an important role through the mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. The type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase: MMP-2) initiates the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and consequently may play a role in the tumor invasion and metastasis. To investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic features of the colorectal adenocarcinomas and benign tumors and expression of p53 and MMP-2 proteins, we performed an immunohistochemical study on 40 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 20 adenomas and 20 hyperplastic polyps by using the antibodies to p53 and MMP-2 proteins. The positive expression rate of the p53 protein in adenocarcinomas was 62.5% and significantly higher than in benign tumors. The positive expression rate of the MMP-2 protein was 47.5% in adenocarcinomas, but there was no expression of MMP-2 protein in benign tumors. The difference in p53 and MMP-2 expression rates between malignant and non-malignant tumors was statistically significant. The positive expression rate of p53 protein in the non-metastatic and metastatic adenocarcinomas was 59.1 and 66.7%, respectively. The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in the non-metastatic and metastatic adencarcinomas was 45.5 and 50.0%, respectively. The correlation between several clinicopathologic features and expression of p53 and MMP-2 protein was not statistically significant, but the rate of positive MMP-2 immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant difference between Astler-Coller stage B1 C1 group and B2 C2 group of adenocarcinoma (p=0.0431). We concluded that the expression of p53 and MMP-2 protein contributes to the cancer development and MMP-2 may play a certain role in the invasiveness of the colorectal tumor. p53 and MMP-2 protein expression is not correlated with lymph node metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma ; Antibodies ; Collagenases ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Extracellular Matrix ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polyps

No abstract available.
Female ; Fibronectins* ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Plasma* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare pustular eruption that may be seen in late pregnancy. It is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications in case of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The patient was a 25-years-old multigravida with psoriasis in her past history. At 20weeks gestation, she had been developed erythematous scaly annular patchs with papules and pustules on inner thigh. At 37weeks' gestation, the patient was suffered from a severely pruritic pustular rash with fever and leukocytosis. The skin of the affected areas was biopsied and showed intraepidermal pustular abscess with a neutrophilic infiltrate. Treatment commenced with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, systemic prednisone, steroid creams, and phototherapy(UVB) under the careful fetal well being monitoring. Cesarean section was done due to fetal distress, and a normal healthy male infant was delivered, following which the patient's condition improved rapidly.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Diagnostic Errors ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fever ; Humans ; Impetigo* ; Infant ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Prednisone ; Pregnancy* ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Thigh

Esthetics ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mandibular Reconstruction ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Transplants

This study is comprised of data obtained from the files of 346 patients with temporomandibular disorders. All patients were diagnosed, treated and followed in the Department of Dentistry at the Inha university hospital, Incheon, Korea. The patients had treated with medications, physical therapy, occlusal splint and arthrocentesis. The study data were obtained from the medical records and telephone interviews that were conducted by research assistants. The results were as follows 1. The patient's main complaint was pain(77%), and mouth opening limitation was 17%. 2. An analysis of the medical records of the 346 patients disclosed that 82% were improved and 17% had no improvement when they were dismissed. 1% of the patients had become worse during therapy. 3. A success rate of 82% was achieved when medication assisted physical therapy was included. In the current status at the telephone interview, 270 patients(89%) reported that they were doing well with 56% describing themselves as asymtomatic and 32% experiencing only minor residual or recurrent symptoms. 11% regarded themselves as unimproved and worse. 4. In the current status of the unsuccessfully treated patients by medications and physical therapy, 64% of patients were doing well(3% as asymptomatic and 56% as only minor residual or recurrent symptom). But 36% of patients was reported as unimproved and worse. 5. TMJ has a remarkable adaptive potential and TMJ disorder has a natural history of spontaneous fluctuations and favorable prognosis during the subsequent natural course. 6. In the treatment of the temporomandibular disorders, there is a treatment ladder, starting with the simplest and least expensive treatment, that is ascended until resolution of the patient's symptoms occur. These findings suggest that conservative reversible therapies are both sufficient and appropriate for management of temporomandibular disorder in most patients. Major alterations of mandibular position or dentoalveolar relationships do not appear to be necessary for obtaining either short term or long term success and therefore they can be generally regards as inappropriate treatment for this disorder. The fact that physical therapy is non-invasive and does not appear to be fraught with irreversible changes, makes it a very applicable vehicle in the area of clinical TMJ disorder management.
Dentistry ; Humans ; Incheon ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Mouth ; Natural History ; Occlusal Splints ; Prognosis* ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders*

Many treatment approaches of Cl III malocclusion have been introduced and the choice of treatment should be a function of the individual problem, not of the clinician(personal preference, experience and success rate of the operator). Therefore a function of the individual problem should be analysed exactly. Much has been written in the orthodontic literature concerning the nature of Cl III malocclusion. It has been reported by many investigators that a Cl III malocclusion occurs in a variety of skeletal and dental configurations by differences of race and age. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 125 individuals were studied for the presence and distribution of four horizontal components and one vertical component in a manner similar to McNamara. The results were as follows 1. Cl III malocclusion is not a single clinical entity. It can result from numerous combinations of skeletal and dental components. 2. Maxillary skeletal retrusion was the most common single characteristic of the Cl III sample. 3 Only a small percentage or the cases in this cases in this study exhibited maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. 4. Only a small percentage of the cases in this study exhibited mandibular dentoalveolar dentoalveolar retrusion. 5. Mandible was usually well-positioned, but a wide variation was observed. 6. A large percentage of the cases in this study exhibited excessive vertical development. Thus, it appears that in designing the ideal treatment regime, those approaches which might restrict vertical development and promote maxillary horizontal growth could be more appropriate in many cases.
Child* ; Continental Population Groups ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Research Personnel

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess optimal chest compression depth for infants and children compared with adults, when the simulated compression depth was delivered according to the current guidelines. METHODS: A total of 467 consecutive chest computed tomography scans (93 of infants, 110 of children, and 264 of adults) were reviewed. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter and compressible diameter (CD) for infants and children were measured at the inter-nipple level and at the middle of the lower half of the sternum for adults. Compression ratio (CR) to CD was calculated at simulated one-fourth, onethird, and one-half AP compressions in infants and children and simulated 5-cm, 6-cm compressions in adult. RESULTS: In adults, the CRs to CD at simulated 5-cm, 6-cm compression depth were 41.7±0.16%, 50.0±7.3%, respectively. In children and infants, the CRs to CD at onethird chest compression were, respectively, 55.1±2.4%, 51.8±2.4% and 82.7±3.7%, 77.7±3.6% at one-half chest compression. The CRs to CD of 4-cm compression depth in infants and 5-cm compression depth in children were 74.4±10.9%, 62.5±8.7%, respectively. The CRs to CD for children and infants were significantly higher compared with adults (p<0.001). The CR to CD of 4-cm compression depth in children was similar to that of 6-cm compression depth in adults (50.0±6.9% vs 50.0±7.3%, p=0.985). CONCLUSION: The current pediatric guideline for compression depth was too deep compared with adults. We suggest that one third of the AP chest diameter or approximately 4-cm in children and less than 4-cm in infants is more appropriate.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Sternum ; Thorax*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the optimal chest compression depth for infants and children with that of adults when the simulated compression depth was delivered according to the current guidelines. METHODS: A total of 467 consecutive chest computed tomography scans (93 infants, 110 children, and 264 adults) were reviewed. The anteroposterior diameter and compressible diameter (CD) for infants and children were measured at the inter-nipple level and at the mid-lower half of the spine for adults. Compression ratio (CR) to CD was calculated at simulated 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 antero-posterior compressions in infants and children, and simulated 5- and 6-cm compressions in adults. RESULTS: In adults, the CRs to CD at simulated 5- and 6-cm compression depth were 41.7±0.16%, 50.0±7.3% respectively. In children and infants, the CRs to CD at 1/3 chest compression were 55.1±2.4% and 51.8±2.4%, respectively, and at 1/2 chest compression, CRs were 82.7±3.7% and 77.7±3.6%, respectively. The CRs to CD of 4-cm compression depth in infants and 5-cm compression depth in children were 74.4±10.9%, 62.5±8.7%, respectively. The CRs to CD for children and infants were significantly higher than in adults (P<0.001). The CR to CD of 4-cm compression depth in children was almost similar to that of 6-cm compression depth in adults (50.0± 6.9% vs. 50.0±7.3%, P=0.985). CONCLUSION: Current pediatric guidelines for compression depth are too deep compared to those in adults. We suggest using 1/3 of the anteroposterior chest diameter or about 4 cm in children and less than 4 cm in infants.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Spine ; Thorax*

Herpes zoster is acute viral infection characterized by the appearance of vesicles that occur on the skin and mucous membrane along the pathway of an involved sensory nerve. The incidence is increased in those who have history of trauma, malignant tumor, radiation therapy and the immuno-suppressive drug users. Although herpes zoster is usually as benign viral infection, complications may occur especially when cranial nerves are involved. So careful treatment is necessary when cranial nerves are involved. We have treated two cases. One is involved trigeminal nerve mandibular branch, another maxillary branch. We have used conservative therapy, pain control, acyclovir on this area and obtained good result. After 17 and 8 months respectively, no complications occur in our two cases. So we present two cases with review of literature.
Acyclovir ; Cranial Nerves ; Drug Users ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin ; Trigeminal Nerve

PURPOSE: To evaluate protective mechanism of melatonin against radiation damage and its relationship with apoptosis in mouse jejunum. MATERIALS AND METHODS:' 168 mice were divided into 28 groups according to radiation dose and melatonin treatment. To analysis crypt survival, microcolony survival assay was done according to Withers an (l Elkind's method. To analysis apoptosis, TUNEL assay was done according to Labet-Moleur's method. RESULTS: Radiation protection effect of melatonin was demonstrated by crypt survival assay and its effect was stronger in high radiation dose area. Apoptosis index with 8 Gy irradiation was 18.4% in control group and 16.5% in melatonin treated group. After 18 Gy, apoptosis index was 17.2% in control group and 15.4% in melatonin treated group. Apoptosis index did not show statistically significant difference between melatonin treated group and control group. CONCLUSION: Melatonin shows clear protective effect in mouse jejunum against radiation damage but it.', protective effect seems not to be related with apoptosis protection effect.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Survival* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Jejunum ; Melatonin* ; Mice* ; Radiation Protection