No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Intermittent Urethral Catheterization*

No abstract available.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Pregnancy*

Amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of insoluble protein. Systemic amyloidosis is subclassified into idiopathic primary and secondary form. The cause of secondary amyloidosis includes tuberculosis, familial Mediterranean fever, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. We report a case of tuberculosis-related, secondary systemic amyloidosis which involved liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, urinary bladder and lymph nodes.
Amyloidosis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Familial Mediterranean Fever ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Multiple Myeloma ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Tuberculosis* ; Urinary Bladder

We investigated fifteen men and twenty one women, who were diagnosed to have asteroid hyalosis between June, 1997 and November, 1997 at Seoul National University Hospital. After obtaining their medical history a complete eye examination was performed. Specimen was examined by light microscope in one case. Funduscopic examination revealed bilateral involvement in 5 cases. Twenty six patients were diabetic and 12 were hypertensive. There was a significant association with diabetes. Light microscopic exam showed variable sized spherical structures with brown rim. Further decrease in visual acuity due to asteroid hyalosis was not observed in 35 cases in which follow-up exams were possible. In conclusion, asteroid hyalosis rarely caused visual loss and were likely to be monocular and to occur in old age.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.

The determination of the degree and ability of recovery of obstructive hydronephrosis is important in treatment and prediction of prognosis. Among the various methods in determination of the status of kidney, intravenous pyelography is the most important tool to evaluate the morphological and functional changes of kidney in vivo. The purpose of this experiment was the determination of process and recoverability of hydronephrosis depend on duration of unilateral uretreal obstruction. For the experiment, 32 rats were divided into 2 groups; the first group of 12 rats were used to determine the process of hydronephrosis during 1 to 4 weeks of unilateralureteral ligation and the second group of 20 rats were used to determine the recoverability of hydronephrotic kidney depend on same duration of ureteral ligation following relief of ligation. Intravenous pyelography as undertaken and renal angiography, gross and microscopic examination were added. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Kidney enlargement and pelvic dilatation were progressively increased with a relation to duration of ureteral obstruction until 4 weeks. 2. Renal excretory function is not impaired until 3 weeks obstruction, but rapidly impaired to nonfunctioning in 4 weeks obstruction. 3. Renal recovery was possible following relief of ureteral ligation within 3 weeks of ureteral obstruction, but histopathological and functional recovery were impossible in 4 weeks of ureteral ligation. 4. There is no direct correlation between duration of obstruction and recoverability following relief within 3 weeks of uretral obstruction. 5. Intravenous pyelographyis a simple and accurate method to determine the degree of obstructive hydronephrosis and to evaluate morphological and functional recovery of kidney following relief of obstruction.
Angiography ; Animals ; Dilatation ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Rats ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urography

The ability of CT sanning of the mediasinum to distinguish specific tissue densitie and to display in a transverse plane often provides unique diagnsotic information unobtainable with conventional radiographic methods. We retrospectively analyzed the CT findings of 20 cases of proven mediastinal masses at the Departement of Radiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College from Feb. 1982 to June 1984. CT scans were performed witha Siemens Somatom 2 scanner. The technical factors involved were tube voltage 125 kVp, exposure time 5 seconds,230 mAs, 256x256 matrices, and pixel size 1.3mm. 8mm slices were obtained at 1cm interval or magnifying scans were obtained. After pre-contrast scans, contrast scans were routinely taken with rapid drip-infusion of contrast media(60% Conray, 150cc). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Among 20 cases, 11 were tumors, 4 infectious masses and 5 aneurysms of great vessels, tortuous brachicephalic artery and pericardial fat pad. In each case CT showed accurate location, extent, and nature of the masses. 2. Solid tumors were thymic hyperplasias, thymoma,thymus carcinoid, neurilemmoma and germ cell tumors(seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma). Internal architecture was homogeneous in thymoma, thymus carcinomoid, neurilemmoma, seminoma but inhomogeneous in thymic hyperplasias andembryonal cell carcinoma. CT number ranged from 16 to 49 HU and were variably enhanced. 3. Cystic tumors consistedof teratomas, cystic hygroma, and neurilemmoma. Teratomas contained calcium and fat, inhomogeneous mass withstrongly enhancing wall. Cystic hygroma was nonenhancing mass with HU of 20. 4. All of germ cell tumors (2 teratomas and one each of seminoma and embryonal cell carcinoma) and one of 2 thymic hyperplasias had calciumdeposit. 5. Tuberculous lymphadenopapthies presented as a mass in the retrocaval pretracheal space and hilarregion with HU ranging from 34 to 64 and enhancement was variable. Mediastinal abscess was alsmost not enhancing,presenting as an inhomogeneous mass of 21 HU with mottled air densities. 6. Aneurysm of great vessels, tortuouobrachiocephalic artery and pericardial fat pad which were often misinterpretted as mediastinal tumor on the conventional radiographic study could be easily distinguishable on CT scan.
Abscess ; Adipose Tissue ; Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Calcium ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Germ Cells ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Neurilemmoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminoma ; Teratoma ; Thymoma ; Thymus Gland ; Thymus Hyperplasia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bony disorder that contains trabeculae of poorly calcified primitive bone formed by osseous metaplasia. It is also characterized by replacement of normal spongiosa by abnormal fibrous tissues. We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomographic (CT) findings of 29 cases with clinically and radiologically diagnosed craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. In 2 cases, only cranial bones were involved and in 7 cases only facial bones were involved. Involvements of both cranial and facial bones were noted in the remained 20 cases. The commonly involved bones in the decreasing order of frequency were as follows: frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and temporal bones in cranium and maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal bones and mandible in facial bones. Even though plain films are enough to diagnose the fibrous dysplasia, we think that CT is useful in more accurate diagnosis by demonstrating amorphous "ground-glass" appearance in the lesion and defining the exact extent of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.
Diagnosis ; Facial Bones ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Metaplasia ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; Temporal Bone ; Zygoma

We retrospectively reviewed 57 patients with advanced urothelial transitional cell carcinomas who were treated with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin(M-VAC) chemotherapy, in 45 patients, and cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin(CISCA) chemotherapy, in 12 patients. The complete response rate of total patients was 14%(8/57 patients) and the partial response rate was 30%(17/57). The response rates according to lesion sites were 56.7%(17/31) in bladder, 50%(1/2) ureter, 50%(4/8) lung, 42%(15/35) lymph node, 25%(1/4) renal pelvis and 25%(3/12) bone. The mean response period was 8.1 months in complete response group and 6.8 months in partial response group. The response rates(in M-VAC/CISCA) according to primary lesion sites were 50%/25% in bladder, 40%/50% in renal pelvis and 0%/50% in ureter and statically significant differences were not noticed in response rates(p>0.05). The response rates in M-VAC and CISCA chemotherapy groups were 47%(21/45), 33%(4/12) but statistically significant differences were not noticed in response rates (p>0.05). The 3-year survival rates were 29% in M-VAC chemotherapy group and 8% in CISCA and the 3-year survival rates of response groups were 57% in M-VAC chemotherapy group and 25% in CISCA, but they were not related statistically(p>0.05). In comparison of drug toxicity, toxic symptoms were seen mostly in M-VAC chemotherapy group and most common symptom was bone marrow suppression. In conclusion, the response & survival rates between M-VAC and CISCA chemotherapy groups were not related statistically(p>0.05), but the response & survival rates of M-VAC chemotherapy group were generally superior than CISCA chemotherapy group.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cisplatin ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Methotrexate ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Vinblastine

The relationship between the prognostic factors and recurrence was investigated in the followup study of patients with 51 superficial (stage Ta to T1) transitional cell bladder carcinomas for more than 3 years. WHO grade, modified Bergkvist grade and number of tumor were related to mitotic indices( p <0.05), but size of tumor was related to MAI only(p<0.05) In univariate analysis of prognostic factors, mitotic indices, number of tumor and posterior wall involvement were related to 3-year recurrence(p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, which were significantly related in univariate analysis, VCM and posterior wall involvement were related to 3-year recurrence and their hazard ratios were 9.33 times and 6.16 times In recurrence-free survival curve of prognostic factors, mitotic indices, number of tumor and posterior wall involvement were related (p <0.05). In classifying WHO grade 2 according to modified Bergkvist grade and mitotic indices, they were related to recurrence (p <0.05). The results show that superficial transitional cell bladder carcinomas can be efficiently categorized into prognostic groups by mitotic indices and the results provide a new classification system for superficial transitional cell bladder carcinomas.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitotic Index* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*