No abstract available.
Blood Group Incompatibility* ; Bromelains*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Planned endoscopic submucosal dissection with snaring (ESD-S) is thought to shorten operating time spent on submucosal dissection, but may lead to uncertainty of en bloc resection or to a possible increase in tumor-positive margins. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of ESD-S as a planned procedure for gastric adenoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 99 patients who underwent ESD-S or ESD for gastric adenoma between May 2011 and May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the differences between the ESD-S and the ESD groups, focusing on rates of en bloc resection and pathologic complete resection, mean operation time, and complications. RESULTS: The mean operation time was significantly lower in the ESD-S group than in the ESD group (19.9+/-11.2 vs. 33.8+/-19.9, P=0.012). Cases with an operation time under 30 minutes were more frequent in the ESD-S group (88.9% vs. 48.1%, OR=8.615, 95% CI=2.949~25.168). There were no significant differences in en bloc resection, histologic complete resection, or complication rates between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: ESD-S has a time advantage over ESD with a comparable compete resection rate. ESD-S can be considered a planned method for available early gastric adenoma.
Adenoma* ; Endoscopy ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; SNARE Proteins* ; Uncertainty

PURPOSE: Recently, the incidence of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia has increased in Korea. Given that its early diagnosis is helpful in selection of the treatment, this study aimed at investigating the value of the antimycoplasma antibody (IgM) for early diagnosis of MP pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 315 children admitted with MP pneumonia from September 2015 to May 2016 were investigated with the IgM and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of MP pneumonia. Specifically, patients were grouped into nonrefractory respiratory MP and refractory MP groups according to their response to macrolide therapy. RESULTS: In the 44 PCR-negative seroconversed children, seroconversed IgM was more frequent in the refractory MP group compared with the nonrefractory respiratory MP group with statistical significance (P<0.001). In the 264 IgM-positive children, the time of antibody reaction was more delayed in the refractory MP group compared to the nonrefractory respiratory MP group with statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that there was a higher incidence of seroconversed IgM and delayed antibody reaction in the refractory MP group. In children with suspect MP pneumonia, follow-up studies of antibody are necessary, even through initial antibody and PCR showed negative findings. In addition, this result may suggest that the diagnosis of refractory MP pneunomia will be helpful in establishing the strategy of the treatment.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Mycoplasma ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: The incidence of renal tuberculosis has decreased considerably in recent years, but the disease still threatens public health. Childhood genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) has been very rare. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical aspects and characteristics of childhood GUTB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 cases of GUTB were diagnosed. We analyzed retrospectively the clinical manifestations of eight patients with GUTB younger than 15 years of age. RESULTS: The age of the patients, six boys and two girls, ranged from 5 to 14 years. Follow up period ranged from 12 to 145 months. Presenting features were diverse and included gross hematuria in five cases. Rarer presenting features included one case of epididymorchitis. All had had BCG vaccination at around 1 month old. Conclusive diagnosis was made on the basis of isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis in five patients, whereas three patients were given a therapeutic trial based on clinical manifestations. The most common site of involvement was the kidney (7 cases). Temporary urinary diversional procedures were performed in two patients for relieving ureteral obstruction. Excisional surgery was needed in three patients, whereas one underwent ureteroneocystostomy for ureteric stricture. Response to antitubercular drug therapy was gratifying. No relapse was observed during follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood GUTB is rare, but may become serious. The importance of early diagnosis is emphasized, and aggressive treatment is needed in advanced childhood tuberculosis for preservation of renal function.
Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Public Health ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Diversion ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical difference between single infection and coinfection with respiratory virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections. METHODS: We reviewed 727 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection at the Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital between January and December of 2014. Diagnoses were made using the multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting 16 viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. Subjects were classified as the single virus infection and coinfection groups. RESULTS: A total of 439 patients were enrolled; 359 (77.2%) under 24 months. Single virus was detected in 279 (63.6%). Coinfection with multiple virus was detected in 160 (36.4%): 126 (28.7%) with 2 viruses, 30 (6.8%), and 4 (0.9%) with 3 to 4 viruses. Viral coinfection was detected in 28 samples (17.5%), with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and rhinovirus being the most dominating combination. There were no clinical differences between the single infection and coinfection groups, except sputum and the frequency of high RSV load. Sputum was significantly more frequent in the coinfection group (P=0.043), and the frequency of high RSV load was significantly higher in the single infection group (P=0.029). Disease severity (high fever, the duration of fever [≥5 days], and the length of hospital stay [≥5 days], O₂ therapy) did not differ significantly between both groups. RSV was a frequent virus of single infection during winter. Coinfection was most common in winter. CONCLUSION: There were no clinical differences between single infection and coinfection, except sputum and the frequency of high RSV load.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Coinfection* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhinovirus ; Sputum

CONCLUSIONS: To investigate the difference in the occurrence of lung cancer between foundry workers and non-foundry workers by comparing the number of workers diagnosed with lung cancer through health insurance data. METHODS: The study population was comprised of 28,884 workers who had undergone at least one general or special medical examination between January 1995 and December 1997 at the occupational health center. All of the subjects had health insurance during this period. We combined the medical examination data with the health insurance data to compare the number of foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer and the number of non-foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer. RESULTS: Seven workers were diagnosed with lung cancer among the 1,591 foundry workers, compared to twelve workers among the 27,293 non-foundry workers (odds ratio: 10.04, 95% confidence interval: 3.95-25.55). The seven foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer were all exposed to dust, and six out these seven workers were engaged in finishing or shake-out processes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the information for this study was obtained from health insurance data, which has limitations such as accuracy and completeness, the number of foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer was significantly higher than that of non-foundry workers. Therefore, a well-designed cohort study should be followed to confirm the higher lung cancer rates in foundry workers.
Cohort Studies ; Dust ; Insurance, Health* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Occupational Health

PCP remains the leading cause of deaths in patients with AIDS. As familiarity with PCP increases, atypical manifestations of the diseases are being recognized with greater frequency. There are following "atypical" manifestations of PCP; 1) interstitial lung response that include diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis obliterance, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate 2) striking localized process frequently exhibiting granulomatous features 3) extensive necrosis & cavitation 4) extrapulmonary dissemination of the disease. A wide variety of pathologic manifestations may occur in PCP in human immunodeficiency virus- infected patienst and that atypical features should be sought in lung biopsies from patients at risk for PCP. We had experienced a case of PCP, which presented with severe hypoxia, progressive dyspnea and fine crackles. It was diagnosed as PCP in AIDS with manifestation of BOOP by open lung biopsy and showed good response to Bactrim & corticosteroid therapy.
Anoxia ; Biopsy ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Cause of Death ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Respiratory Sounds ; Strikes, Employee ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide inactivates cobalamin which is important in the folate-dependent synthesis of thymidylate. Also, methotrexate has the anti-cancer activity. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal pressure and exposure time of nitrous oxide that maximize the suppression of cancer growth, and the adequate level of methotrexate that maximize the anti-cancer activity of nitrous oxide. METHODS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells and normal lymphocytes were cultured in hyperbaric chamber at 1, 2 and 3 atm of 74% nitrous oxide in 24, 48 and 72 hours at 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 micrometer of methotrexate, respectively. The results were expressed in the ratio of cell number in hyperbaric chamber to that in the incubator. RESULTS: Compared to control, the growth rates of cancer cells and lymphocytes were 0.767, 0.990 at 1 atm, 0.592, 0.880 at 2 atm and 0.718, 0.864 at 3 atm of nitrous oxide in 24 hours. The survival fraction of cancer cells and lymphocytes were 0.767, 0.894 in 24 hours, 0.800, 0.630 in 48 hours, and 0.571, 0.597 in 72 hours, at 1 atm of nitrous oxide. The growth rates of cancer cells and lymphocytes were 1.012, 0.745 at 0 micrometer, 0.912, 0.696 at 0.3 micrometer, 0.77, 0.647 at 0.5 micrometer and 1.133, 0.506 at 0.7 micrometer of methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure increase of nitrous oxide significantly suppressed the growth of lymphocyte but not cancer cells. However, growth of cancer cells and lymphocytes were significantly reduced at high concentration of methotrexate and larger exposure time.
Cell Count ; Incubators ; Leukemia ; Lymphocytes ; Methotrexate* ; Nitrous Oxide* ; Vitamin B 12

The popularity of clear overlay retainers (CORs) has increased recently because of their advantages such as better esthetics, cost effectiveness, easy fabrication, and good compliance. However, a deficiency in posterior occlusal settling is a reported limitation of CORs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior occlusal contact changes in a new type of clear orthodontic retainer called Oral-treaper (OTP), which consists of three layers and has stronger mechanical characteristics than do conventional retainers. Three patients who completed fixed orthodontic treatment received OTP as a removable retainer. Cast models were fabricated after the removal of fixed appliances (T1) and after 4 to 11 months of using the retainers (T2). We evaluated all the cast models to compare the post-orthodontic settling pattern during the use of the OTPs. The depth of occlusal contacts was evaluated using color maps. The OTP did not prevent vertical settling in all patients but resulted in an improvement in posterior occlusal contact points.
Compliance ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Orthodontic Retainers

PURPOSE: There are various methods proposed for the evaluation of the hindfoot alignment. However, due to structural calcaneus variances between patients, it is hard to assess this alignment definitively. Thus, this study proposes a new method for evaluating of the hindfoot alignment and its comparisons to the existing current methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes simple weight bearing hindfoot coronal view radiographs of 120 patients, taken between the time period of March 2008 to November 2009. Among the 120 patients, there was a 1:1 ratio of male to female with an average age of 40. The newly proposed method for evaluating this alignment is to draw a moment arm from the point where the sustentaculum tali meets the medial calcaneus border to the most prominent aspect of the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity. The angle produced via the intersection of this moment arm to the mid-longitudinal axis of the tibia is found and used to evaluate the hindfoot alignment. The inter and intra-observer reliability was evaluated using the coefficient of intraclass correlation. This study also investigates the comparisons between the newly proposed method to the traditionally used Saltzman et al hindfoot alignment evaluating technique. RESULTS: The newly proposed method has higher inter and intra-observer reliability than the existing traditional Saltzman et al technique. CONCLUSION: This new method is recommended over the traditionally used Saltzman et al technique as it has a stronger confidence level and is appropriate for assessing hindfoot alignment in simple radiographs.
Arm ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Calcaneus ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing