Doxazosin is an adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms that are common in prostatic hyperplasia. To our knowledge, few cases of gynecomastia and mastodynia, as a complication of adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist, have been reported to date; no cases have been reported in Korea. We describe a case involving a 78-year-old man treated for prostatic hyperplasia with 13 months of doxazosin. He complained about unilateral gynecomstia and mastodynia. Five months after the discontinuation of doxazosin, the gynecomastia was significantly improved. This is the first reported case of gynecomastia and mastodynia associated with doxazosin use in Korea.
Aged ; Doxazosin* ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Mastodynia ; Prostatic Hyperplasia

Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein highly expressed on reactive microglia and astrocytes, and is considered as a biomarker for neurodegeneration and brain damage, especially neuroinflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are closely related with inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes and these signaling pathways regulate neuroinflammation. Previous reports have identified the anti-inflammatory effects of TSPO ligands, however study of their effects in relation to the TLR signaling was limited. Here, we investigated the effects of five representative TSPO ligands on microglia and astrocytes following activation by various TLR ligands. Our results show that TSPO ligands reduce the pro-inflammatory response elicited by the TLR ligands with more profound effects on microglia than astrocytes.
Astrocytes* ; Brain ; Ligands* ; Microglia* ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Toll-Like Receptors

Peri-implantitis, in which inflammation caused by plaque and biofilm on the implant surface spreads to the hard tissue, can be treated by decontamination of the implant surface and reconstruction of the lost hard tissue through surgical methods. We have described the management of 3 peri-implantitis cases by decontamination of the implant surface using a round titanium brush and regenerative therapy. All cases showed clinical improvements, and no further radiographic bone loss was observed during a 2-year follow-up. This treatment method can be effective for clinical improvement and bone regeneration. However, a longer follow-up period is necessary to support these outcomes.

Cardiovascular malformations, such as bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta, are more prevalent in patients with Turner syndrome than in the general population. Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old female with Turner syndrome who was admitted to our hospital with a fever caused by infective endocarditis. Aortic coarctation was diagnosed using computed tomography. The patient was treated with antibiotics and a stent was then implanted. Endovascular therapy using stents is a safe and effective treatment option for aortic coarctation in patients with Turner syndrome.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aortic Coarctation* ; Aortic Valve ; Bicuspid ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Stents* ; Turner Syndrome*

Circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of behavioral and physiological changes. Disrupted sleep-wake patterns and circadian dysfunction are common in patients of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and are closely related with neuroinflammation. However, it is not well known how circadian rhythm of immune cells is altered during the progress of AD. Previously, we found presenilin 2 (Psen2) N141I mutation, one of familial AD (FAD) risk genes, induces hyperimmunity through the epigenetic repression of REV-ERBα expression in microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells. Here, we investigated whether repression of REV-ERBα is associated with dysfunction of immune cell-endogenous or central circadian rhythm by analyses of clock genes expression and cytokine secretion, bioluminescence recording of rhythmic PER2::LUC expression, and monitoring of animal behavioral rhythm. Psen2 N141I mutation down-regulated REV-ERBα and induced selective over-production of IL-6 (a well-known clock-dependent cytokine) following the treatment of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in microglia, astrocytes, and BMDM. Psen2 N141I mutation also lowered amplitude of intrinsic daily oscillation in these immune cells representatives of brain and periphery. Of interest, however, the period of daily rhythm remained intact in immune cells. Furthermore, analyses of the central clock and animal behavioral rhythms revealed that central clock remained normal without down-regulation of REV-ERBα. These results suggest that Psen2 N141I mutation induces hyperimmunity mainly through the suppression of REV-ERBα in immune cells, which have lowered amplitude but normal period of rhythmic oscillation. Furthermore, our data reveal that central circadian clock is not affected by Psen2 N141I mutation.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of implant placement after maxillary sinus perforation repair using a collagen membrane during sinus elevation surgery.Materials and Methods: The radiographic and clinical data of 27 patients who underwent simultaneous or delayed implant placement with perforation repair (using collagen membranes) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the following three groups: group 1: perforation repair, bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (nine patients, 19 implants); group 2: perforation repair, no bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (11 patients, 19 implants); group 3: perforation repair, bone grafting, and delayed implant placement (seven patients, 15 implants). The follow-up period was at least 2 years for all patients. Results: No significant differences in implant survival rates were observed between groups. Marginal bone loss was minimal in all groups with some exceptions. The thickness of the maxillary sinus measured on the day of surgery differed significantly between the groups, potentially attributed to the variations in the surgical materials employed. However, the thickness normalized in all groups at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion This study suggests that simultaneous and delayed implant placement in cases of perforated maxillary sinus membranes repaired with collagen membranes during sinus elevation surgery can achieve favorable long-term outcomes. In certain cases, simultaneous implant placement without bone grafting is a viable option.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of implant placement after maxillary sinus perforation repair using a collagen membrane during sinus elevation surgery.Materials and Methods: The radiographic and clinical data of 27 patients who underwent simultaneous or delayed implant placement with perforation repair (using collagen membranes) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the following three groups: group 1: perforation repair, bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (nine patients, 19 implants); group 2: perforation repair, no bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (11 patients, 19 implants); group 3: perforation repair, bone grafting, and delayed implant placement (seven patients, 15 implants). The follow-up period was at least 2 years for all patients. Results: No significant differences in implant survival rates were observed between groups. Marginal bone loss was minimal in all groups with some exceptions. The thickness of the maxillary sinus measured on the day of surgery differed significantly between the groups, potentially attributed to the variations in the surgical materials employed. However, the thickness normalized in all groups at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion This study suggests that simultaneous and delayed implant placement in cases of perforated maxillary sinus membranes repaired with collagen membranes during sinus elevation surgery can achieve favorable long-term outcomes. In certain cases, simultaneous implant placement without bone grafting is a viable option.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of implant placement after maxillary sinus perforation repair using a collagen membrane during sinus elevation surgery.Materials and Methods: The radiographic and clinical data of 27 patients who underwent simultaneous or delayed implant placement with perforation repair (using collagen membranes) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the following three groups: group 1: perforation repair, bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (nine patients, 19 implants); group 2: perforation repair, no bone grafting, and simultaneous implant placement (11 patients, 19 implants); group 3: perforation repair, bone grafting, and delayed implant placement (seven patients, 15 implants). The follow-up period was at least 2 years for all patients. Results: No significant differences in implant survival rates were observed between groups. Marginal bone loss was minimal in all groups with some exceptions. The thickness of the maxillary sinus measured on the day of surgery differed significantly between the groups, potentially attributed to the variations in the surgical materials employed. However, the thickness normalized in all groups at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion This study suggests that simultaneous and delayed implant placement in cases of perforated maxillary sinus membranes repaired with collagen membranes during sinus elevation surgery can achieve favorable long-term outcomes. In certain cases, simultaneous implant placement without bone grafting is a viable option.

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of skin adhesives and to compare postoperative and cosmetic outcomes after wound closure in single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPLA) between skin adhesives and steri-strips. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. We included 22 and 47 patients in whom skin adhesive and steri-strips were used respectively, for skin closure after subcuticular suturing in SPLA between August 2014 and 2020. The patient scar assessment questionnaire (PSAQ) was completed postoperatively to assess postoperative cosmetic outcomes. Results: On the postoperative day, patients in whom skin adhesive was used had significantly lower numeric rating scores than in whom steri-strips were used (2.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.9 ± 0.8, p < 0.001). The frequency of analgesic administration within 24 hours and between 24 and 48 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the skin adhesive group compared to the wound closure strip group (1.4 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.2, p = 0.013 and 0.2 ± 0.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.002, respectively). In the PSAQ, “satisfaction with appearance” and “satisfaction with symptoms” subitem scores were significantly lower in patients in whom skin adhesive was used (11.3 ± 3.0 vs. 15.1 ± 4.5, p = 0.006 and 6.5 ± 1.8 vs. 9.5 ± 3.3, p = 0.003), whereas, “appearance” and “consciousness” subitems revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion Liquid skin adhesive closures seem to be safe and feasible and cause less postoperative pain, resulting in greater patient satisfaction with postoperative scars than wound closure strip closure after subcuticular suturing in SPLA.

PURPOSE: There was marked decline of measles outbreak in the world since the first measles vaccine had been introduced. Recently, however, measles outbreak in the vaccinated children have been reported worldwide, which was ascribed to the possibilities of primary or secondary vaccine failure. We investigated the incidence in the school-aged children in the Kyong-gi Do area, the larger district which covers the urban and rural area, by the questionnaire. METHODS: The questionnaires which were asked to the students' parents of 14 elementary schools in and nearest Sungnam city, Kyong-Gi Do for their present age, experience of measles attack and vaccination, and the age of measles attack. The answers of this questionnaire were analysed by SAS computer program. RESULTS: 1) Measles vaccination rate at 9 months was 70.5% and MMR vaccination rate at 15 months was 91.3%. 2) Measles attack rate among unvaccinated group was 53.8%, and 16.1% in vaccinated group. There was significant low risk of measles attack among vaccinated group than unvaccinated group(relative risk=3.35, p<0.001). 3) Vaccine efficacy of measles in this age group was 69%. 4) Age distribution of measles outbreak reveals bimodal pattern, the graph shows two peak incidence of 1 year-old and 6 years-old. 5) There were no significant differences of measles incidence in the different medical care service center that measles vaccination had been done. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high rate of measles vaccine coverage in Sungnam, the attack rate of measles in the vaccinated population was relatively high. There may be due to primary, secondary vaccine failure or the other factors. The policy of measles vaccination in Korea should be reestablished as soon as possible.
Age Distribution ; Child* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Measles Vaccine ; Measles* ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vaccination