No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Composite Resins* ; Dental Porcelain*

No abstract available.
Dental Enamel* ; Lasers, Solid-State*

Bilateral nonfunctioning adrenal cortical carcinoma is an extremely rare disease with poor prognosis. We report a case of asynchronous bilateral nonfunctioning adrenal cotical carcinoma. The patient was a 55 year-old man who had complained of discomfort in the right upper quadrant and flank area. There was no endocrinological abnomaliries. Abdominal CT revealed about 9.5 x 7.0 cm sized right adrenal mass. Under the impression of nonfunctioning adrenal cortical carcinorna, right radical adrenalectomy was performed. After 1 year from operation, 5.0 x 7.0 x 6.0 cm sized new mass was detected in the left adrenal gland with metastasis to the peritoneum.
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneum ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The characterization of all recognizable chromosomal rearrangements was dis- turbed by technical limitation of conventional cytogenetic methods. Recently, the strong usefullness of generation of chromosome specific painting probes in identification of marker chromosomes has proven. This study was intended to analyze the chromosomal aberrations in human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8, by G-banding and multiple paintings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8 was cultured and harvested for cytogenetic analysis. Routine karyotyping was performed. For complete analysis of chromosomal aberrations, human chromosome-specific painting probes were constructed from somatic hybrid cells. The origins of the unidentified marker chromosomes were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with these painting probes. RESULTS: All chromosome alterations were confirmed by the use of multiple chromosome paintings, which also demonstrated a number of additional alterations. SNU-8 had the karyotype 62-69,XXX, + der(1;10)(q10;p10),der(3;18) (q10;p10)X2,-4,+ 5,+ 7,del(9)(q21)X2,-11,-13,-15,-16,der(17;19)(q10;q10) X2, + 20,-22[cp51]. CONCLUSION: The chromosomal aberrations of SNU-8 cell line was effectively analyzed by FISH with these painting probes, and the approach methods of this study can be applied to cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in the other cancers.
Cell Line* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Chromosome Painting* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paint ; Paintings

No abstract available.

To evaluate the role of digital rectal examination(DRE), prostate specific antigen(PSA), transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) and prostate specific antigen density(PSAD) and the effectiveness of TRUS-guided perineal prostatic biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the clinical data were reviewed from the 78 patients who were suggested to have prostate cancer with DRE, PSA or TRUS, and pathologically confirmed by TRUS-guided six systematic biopsy between May 1993 and February 1995. Of 78 patients, 15 patients(19.2%) had prostate cancer, 60 patients(76.9%) BPH, 2 patients (2.6%) chronic prostatitis and 1 patient(1.3%) prostatic metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Only 2 of 15 cancers (13.3%) were localized cancer, while 10 of 15 cancers(66.7%) had distant metastasis. Although 35 patients received TURP among 60 patients with BPH, and their specimens were investigated pathologically whether prostate cancer was present, there was no prostate cancer. Of 34 patients whose PSA levels were below 10ng/ml, none had prostate cancer regardless of the results of DRE and TRUS. PSA had the highest sensitivity(100%) and DRE the highest specificity (79.4%) among the modalities. The positive predictive value of DRE, PSA and TRUS was 48.0%, 22.1% and 36.1% respectively. DRE and TRUS had 54.5% and 44.8% Positive predictive value in patients with elevated PSA level in contrast to 0% positive predictive value in patients with normal PSA level. Because 3 patients of prostate cancer with negative DRE and positive TRUS had elevated PSA level(>20ng/ml), the addition of TRUS to PSA and DRE was not helpful in early detection of prostate cancer. Although PSAD of prostate cancer group and non-prostate cancer group was 1.312+/-0.155(S.E.) and 0.279+/-0.036 respectively(p<0.05), we could not found any superiority of PSAD to PSA in early diagnosis of prostate cancer. In conclusion, these results suggest that PSA and DRE should be used as the first line modality in early diagnosis of prostate cancer, TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy may be considered as a confirmative modality in patients with elevated PSA level or abnormal DRE and the clinical.trials for standardization of the upper normal limit of PSA should be followed.
Biopsy* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder

Purpose: Cystoscopy, as with other endoscopic procedures, is a fearful and painful for the majority of patients. To this reduce fear, pain and discomfort, the routine administration of sedative drugs, such as midazolam and propofol, is widely accepted for a gastrointestinal endoscopy. There have also been some studies on midazolam anesthesia during cystoscopy. However, the effects and safety of propofol anesthesia during cystoscopy have not been established. Therefore, the effects and safety of propofol anesthesia during cystoscopy were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: 200 male patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A consisted of 80 patients sedated using 1mg/kg propofol IV, and group B consisted of 120 patients who received normal saline IV instead of propofol. All patients received 90mg diclofenac IM for pain control. There were no significant differences in the ages and weights between the two groups. The vital signs and oxygen saturation were monitored before, during and after the cystoscopy. The degree of pain and satisfaction of the patients and urologist were measured. Results: The pain scales were significantly reduced in group A compared to group B. Group A patients and the operator were also significantly more satisfied than those in group B. Although the blood pressure, pulse rate or respiratory rate changed during the cystoscopy, they were not clinically significant and there was no need for additional treatment. 12 patients in group A showed temporary hypoxia; however, they were treated with oxygen administration and recovered within several minutes. Conclusions: Propofol anesthesia during cystoscopy can be performed safely and effectively as an outpatient procedure, as long as there is adequate preparation and monitoring.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Cystoscopy* ; Diclofenac ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Midazolam ; Outpatients ; Oxygen ; Propofol* ; Respiratory Rate ; Vital Signs ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: We investigated the prevalence and parent's concern of cryptorchidism, hydrocele and varicocele among elementary school boys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,795 elementary school boys who resided in Gwangju were investigated by questionnaires. Among them, 1,115 boys who agreed to a physical checkup underwent physical examination between May and June 2007. RESULTS: The most frequent anomaly was hydrocele, which was seen in 37 boys (3.31%) on questionnaires and physical examination. The other anomalies were cryptorchidism in 17 boys (1.52%) and varicocele in 7 boys (0.62%). Most of the boys and their parents were not aware of their cryptorchidism (70.58%) and varicocele (71.42%). The boys who replied in questionnaires that they had been diagnosed with hydrocele appeared to had undergone hydrocele repair in the past. CONCLUSIONS: By survey, the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism, hydrocele, and varicocele were 3.31%, 1.52%, and 0.62%, respectively. Education of the public and primary care physicians about cryptorchidism and varicocele and a screening system are needed to achieve better therapeutic outcome.
Cryptorchidism ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Physical Examination ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Prevalence ; Testicular Hydrocele ; Varicocele

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the current incidence of varicoceles in unselected Korean children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 4271 Korean school boys aged 7-18, resided in Namhaegun, Gyungnam province were investigated. The study population comprised more than 95% (4271/4403) of all boys in the respective age in a rural country with a total population of 61,820 (29,840 males and 31,980 females). All examinations were carried out by a single urologist from March to June 2000. The patients with varicocele were divided according to the classification of Dubin-Amelar. RESULTS: No case of varicocele was encountered in 1,233 boys between 7 to 10 years, while the incidence in the 3,038 boys aged 11 to 18 years was 9.61% (292 boys). There was a peak varicocele incidence from aged 14 to 16 (11.78-13.52%). The proportion of varicocele grades were grade I 21.58% (63/292), grade II 44.68% (131/292), grade III 33.56% (98/292). There were 2 cases of bilateral varicoceles. Other abnormalities found were 7 cryptorchidism (0.16%) and 27 hydroceles (0.63%). In 33 older boys (aged between 16-18) with varicocele, semen analyses were performed and two boys had subnormal sperm concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of peaking at ages 14 to 16 was parallel with the old Danish report,11 but our incidence was substantially lower than the report of 16.2%.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Classification ; Cryptorchidism ; Epidemiology ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Semen Analysis ; Spermatozoa ; Varicocele*