PURPOSE: Burn injuries still produce a significant morbidity and mortality. The collection and analysis of burn epidemiology data would provide insights into new prevention management strategies in terms of nationwide profile. We reviewed and compared the data from other countries. METHODS: This study was carried out to analyze the epidemiology, current etiological factors (circumstances), treatment methods and mortality of 4,321 acute burn patients, excluding electrical burn, who were admitted to Hanil Hospital Burn Center during 12 years (1996~2007). RESULTS: 1) The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. The mean age of admission was 30.0 years. The children below 18 years made up 38.9%, and adult over 60 years 10.2%. 2) The scald was the most common cause making up 53.8% followed by flame (30.8%), contact (9.3%), steam (3.6%) and chemical (2.1%) burn. The mean extent was 9.8%, 19.1%, 3.8%, 7.2%, 8.7% respectively. 3) The etiologies of scald burn were boiled water (32.9%), hot food soup (28.1%), boiling water (13.8%), instant food (10.3%) at home (87.4%). The 13.7% of victims underwent surgery of STSG (12.9%), FTSG (0.6%), local flap (1.2%) and advanced flap (0.1%). 4) The majority of flame burn occurred at home (43.7%) and work place factory (23.5%). Leading causes were inflammables (29.3%), fire (14.0%), explosion of butane can (12.8%), gas range (10.1%) and LPG (8.7%). The 31.4% of victims underwent STSG (26.2%), FTSG (0.8%), local flap (0.2%) and major amputation (0.1%). 5) The major victims (50.6%) of steam were children below 2years by exposing to steam of rice cooker (70.0%) at home. The 28.9% of victims underwent STSG (14.7%), FTSG (16.0%) and local flap (5.1%). 6) The contact burns occurred at various places (home; 56.5%, work place; 16.9%, vehicles; 9.0%, sauna; 4.5%) by various causes (Ondol; 11.9%, hot pack; 11.2%, oriental herb medicine; 6.7%). The 45.8% of victims underwent STSG (36.3%), FTSG (6.7%), local flap (5.2%), advanced flap (2.0%) and minor amputation (1.2%). 7) The chemical burn occurred at various place (home; 39.3%, work place; 49.4%) by acids (43.8%), alkalies (11.2%), vinegar (15.7%) and herb moxa (16.9%). The 28.1% of victims underwent STSG (22.5%), FTSG (9.0%), local flap (7.9%) and minor amputation (6.7%). 8) Children<18 years old were burnt mainly by scald (79.0%) while for adults below 50 years old was flame, over 50 years was scald. Children below 2 years old had higher frequency of steam (9.2%) and contact (7.9%) burn. The contact burn had relatively higher frequency among 7th (17.6%) and over 8th (20.4%), while chemical among 6th (3.9%) decade. 9) Inhalation injury was accompanied in 13.8% of flame burn (4.3% of total). The inhalation injury only was 4.9% of flame (1.5% of total). 10) The overall mortality rate was 1.8%. The mean age of death was 47.3 years old and burn extent was 74.5%TBSA. There was a strong correlation between flame burn (96.2% of total death), TBSA (50~60%; 9.3% vs 70~80%; 65.2%, 80~90%; 71.4%, over 90%; 87.9%) and mortality. The prognosis was poor for those over 70 year old (7.7% vs 30~50 yo; 2.8%, 7 th decade; 3.7%), flame burn (5.6% vs scald; 0.04%) and combined inhalation injury (22.3%). The patients died at mean 17.3 PBD by ARDS (51.3%), sepsis (44.9%), burn shock (20.5%) and ARF (5.1%) 11) The severity and sequelae of scald by prepackaged instant food, steams of rice cooker, flame by used butane can, contact by Ondol, sauna and chemical by vinegar should be added to preventive programs. CONCLUSION: Further study for implications of changes in management protocols and policies on treatment outcomes would improve the provision of appropriate care for the patients.
Acetic Acid ; Adult ; Alkalies ; Amputation ; Burn Units ; Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Butanes ; Child ; Explosions ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Inhalation ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Penicillin G Benzathine ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Steam ; Steam Bath ; Water ; Workplace

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a vascular tumor of endothelial origin that commonly occurs in the deep soft tissue, bone, lung and liver. This vascular tumor rarely occurs within the external auditory canal (EAC). Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma has a biologic behavior that is an intermediate between a hemangioma and an angiosarcoma. Here, we present a case of 57-year-old female patient with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in her EAC. She underwent tympanomastoidectomy and histopathological examination revealed an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.
Bone and Bones ; Ear Canal* ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Middle Aged

Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare extragonadal germ cell malignancy. A 58-year-old male presented with a lung mass, which was incidentally discovered during a periodic medical checkup. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with large pleomorphic morphology. After the patient underwent right upper lobectomy and lymphadenectomy, the final diagnosis was choriocarcinoma. The patient received four sequential cycles of BEP chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin). After completion of BEP chemotherapy, follow-up positron emission tomography (PET) showed a complete metabolic response. Although the mediastinum is one of the most common primary sites of extragonadal germ cell tumors, primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma is liable to be misdiagnosed as lung cancer or Hodgkin lymphoma. Notably, large cell carcinoma of the lung can be confused with choriocarcinoma even after percutaneous needle biopsy. We report a case of primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma mimicking large cell carcinoma of the lung in a male patient in his 50s.
Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Large Cell* ; Choriocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Pregnancy

Coronary artery aneurysms are detected rarely during coronary angiography, and are associated with injury to the mechanical vessel wall during percutaneous coronary intervention. Potential causes also include atherosclerosis, congenital defects, connective tissue disorders, vasculitis, infection, drug-related injury, and trauma; it can also be idiopathic. The complications of coronary artery aneurysms vary, but they rupture only rarely. However, there is no consensus treatment strategy for coronary artery aneurysm after coronary intervention. We report a case of a 55-year-old male who developed a coronary artery aneurysm and in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent. The aneurysm was treated successfully with the implantation of a graft stent.
Aneurysm* ; Atherosclerosis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Connective Tissue ; Consensus ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Drug-Eluting Stents* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Rupture ; Stents ; Transplants ; Vasculitis

We report a case of a chronic hemodialysis patient who developed hypermagnesemia due to an overdose of magnesium-containing laxative and paralytic ileus resulting in colonic perforation. Despite intravenous calcium infusion and daily hemodialysis, the patient developed ischemic colitis and intestinal perforation. Colonic perforation accompanied with hypermagnesemia in hemodialysis patients has rarely been reported. This case suggests that hypermagnesemia should be considered in renal failure patients as this can result in life-threatening events despite prompt treatment.
Colitis, Ischemic/*chemically induced/diagnosis/surgery ; Constipation/*drug therapy/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation/*chemically induced/surgery ; Laxatives/adverse effects/*poisoning ; Magnesium/*poisoning ; Middle Aged ; *Renal Dialysis

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic transnasal approach is widely used for reconstructing the medial orbital wall by filling it with a silicone sheet or Merocel, but this technique has the disadvantage of retaining the packing for a long time. To overcome this drawback, a method of positioning an absorbable plate in the orbit has been introduced, but there is a risk of defect recurrence after the plate is absorbed. Here, the authors report the results of a novel surgical technique of placing a nonabsorbable titanium mesh with porous polyethylene into the orbit through the endoscopic transnasal approach. METHODS: Fourteen patients underwent surgery using the endoscopic transnasal approach. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was used to calculate the size of the bone defect due to the fracture, and the titanium mesh was designed to be shorter than the anteroposterior length of the defect and longer than its height. The titanium mesh was inserted into the orbit under an endoscopic view. The authors then confirmed that the titanium mesh supported the orbital contents by pressing the eyeball and finished the operation. Immediately after surgery, CT results were evaluated. RESULTS: Postoperative CT scans confirmed that the titanium mesh was well-inserted and in the correct position. All patients were discharged without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained satisfactory results by inserting a titanium mesh with porous polyethylene into the orbit via the transnasal approach endoscopically.
Endoscopy ; Humans ; Methods ; Orbit ; Polyethylene ; Recurrence ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Titanium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Chondroblastoma ; Curettage ; Epiphyses ; Granuloma, Giant Cell ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Temporal Bone

Morning glory syndrome (MGS) is a rare congenital optic disc anomaly with a characteristic fundal finding with severe visual impairment. It may occur in association with various systemic manifestations, even though most of the reported cases were isolated. A 6-year-old male visited the nephrology clinic with a history of microscopic hematuria and at the age of 12 years, he was diagnosed thin glomerular basement membrane nephropathy by kidney biopsy. After the following years, the patient had progressive deterioration of visual acuity, and diagnosed as MGS. Whole Exome Sequencing of this patient and his mother revealed heterozygous COL4A4 mutations [c.81_86del (p.Ile29_Leu30del)]. It is more reasonable to consider MGS seen in this patient as a coincidental finding of autosomal dominant Alport syndrome. To our knowledge, this case represents the first case report of autosomal dominant Alport syndrome associated with MGS.

Amyloidoses are disorders for which homogeneous amorphous fibrillar proteins accumulate in multiple organs. These diseases are classified into systemic and localized disease by their extent, the primary disease and their association with multiple myeloma, and the secondary and familial disease are classified by their association with the underlying diseases. Amyloidoses can develop in association with multiple myeloma, but only rare cases have been reported on that involve the gastroesophageal tract. Amyloidosis can involve the kidney, heart, liver, skin, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, and they can involve the small intestine, duodenum, stomach, colon, rectum and esophagus when there is disease of the gastrointestinal tract. We may overlook gastrointestinal involvement of amyloidoses if there are few symptoms and laboratory abnormalities because of the diverse clinical courses and features. Amyloidoses can manifest abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and perforation, but gastrointestinal hemorrhages are rare. We report here on a case of gastroesophageal amyloidosis with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and paralytic ileus due to multiple myeloma.
Abdominal Pain ; Amyloidosis* ; Colon ; Diarrhea ; Duodenum ; Esophagus ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Kidney ; Liver ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Nervous System ; Rectum ; Skin ; Stomach ; Vomiting

Imatinib mesylate is a targeted therapy that acts by inhibiting tyrosine kinase of the bcr-abl fusion oncoprotein, which is specific to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and the c-transmembrane receptor, which is specific to gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Interstitial pneumonitis is a rare adverse event of imatinib therapy. It is clinically difficult to distinguish from infectious pneumonia, which can frequently occur due to the underlying disease. The standard treatment for imatinib-induced pneumonitis is to discontinue the medication and optionally administer corticosteroids. However, there are a few cases of successful retrial with imatinib. We describe a case of successful rechallenge of imatinib in a patient with imatinib-induced interstitial pneumonitis and CML without a recurrence of the underlying disease after 3 months of follow-up.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mesylates* ; Pneumonia* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Recurrence ; Imatinib Mesylate