Although the ultrasonography is a useful imaging modality for evaluation of abdominal mass in an infant and child, CT has more advantages over te ultrasonography in assesssing anatomic detail, precise extent of tumor and differential diagnostic accuracy. The authors analyzed CT featurs of 85 cases of pathologically or clinicallyproven pediatric abdominal masses for recent 4.5 years at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The reseults wereas follows: 1. The most common site was kidney (36 cases:42.4%), followed by nonrenal retroperitoneal masses(23cases:27.1%), hepatobiliary masses(15 cases:17.6%), gastrointestinal masses(9 cases: 10.6%), and genital massses(2cases: 2.3%) in order of frequency. 2. Hydronephrosis(17 cases:20%) and Wilms' tumor(17 cases:20%) were mostcommon and splenomegaly(8 cases:9.4%), neuroblastoma(5 cases: 5.9%), teratoma(4 cases:4.7%), rhabdomyosarcoma(4cases: 4.7%) were descending order of frequency. 3. The male to female ratio was 2;1, but female was predominantin teratoma, choledochal cyst and genital masses. Twenty three cases(27.1%) were under the age of one year. 4. Thediagnosis of hydronephrosis, assessment of its severity and localization of exact level of obstruction were easywith CT examination. 5. Characteristic CT features of Wilms' tumor were round or oval shaped, smooth marginated,large intrarenal mass with displaced or obstructed calyces, pseudocapsule and crescent sign; there were noevidence of retroperitoneal lymph node or contiguous extension, retrocrural lymph node enlargement, prevertebralmidline extension, or encasement of the aorta. 6. Typical CT findings of the neuroblastoma wre irregular shaped &marginated extrarenal mass with calcification frequently, accompained by retroperitoneal lymph node or contiguousextension, retrocrural lymph node enlargement, prevertebral midline extenstion and encasement of the aorta; therewere no evidence of pseudocapsule or crescent sign. 7. CT features of teratoma were characteristic, having atleast three or more of different tissue densities among fat, water, soft tissue and calcific densities. 8.Pathology and its extension of retroperitoneal space was demonstrated accurately by CT. 9. Mesenteric, omental andenteric cysts had similar CT appearance particularly very large cystic masses.
Aorta ; Child ; Choledochal Cyst ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant ; Kidney ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography ; Water ; Wilms Tumor

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is that the prevalence of rotavirus infection was evaluated by each group and clinical features of group A, B and C rotaviruses infections were described respectively to compare one with another. METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2010, we enrolled a group of children below 10 years of age admitted for management of acute diarrhea at the Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital. A total of 310 stool samples documented to be free of common bacterial pathogens were collected from children with diarrhea. The presence of group A, B or C rotavirus is indicated by amplification of DNA segments of the expected lengths after the first and second PCRs. RESULTS: In a total of 310 stool specimens, 40 (12.9%) specimens were positive for rotaviruses. These included 23 (7.4%) positive for group A, 5 (1.6%) for group B and 12 (3.9%) for group C rotaviruses. Group B rotavirus infected patients had significantly less diarrheas per day (group A: P=0.01, group C: P=0.01) and shorter duration of vomiting days (group A: P=0.03, group C: P=0.03) than those with group A and C rotaviruses infection respectively. All the group B rotaviruses had been isolated in March and October. Group C rotavirus infections were prevalent during late summer and early winter and peaked in October. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that group B and C rotaviruses are notable causes or the contributing causes of diarrhea among infants and children in Korea.
Child* ; Diarrhea ; DNA ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Vomiting

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite improvements in neonatal intensive care and artificial ventilatory techniques. After identification of the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is major pathophysiologic basis in RDS, artificial surfactant replacement therapy in RDS was first successfully tested by Fujiwara and co-workers in 1980. therefore, exogenous surfactant replacement produced exellent results in improved clinical and repiratory status during the acute period and decreased incidence of late complications and mortality. According to comparison of administration timing between early (within 6 hours after birth) and late (after 6 hours)group, early replacement therapy is more effective in improving of clinical course and prognosis. Because of that, early, just after birth, recognition and detection of RDS is also important procedure. There are many investigations and methods for the detection of RDS in prenatal or postnatal period. Among then, stable microbubble rating (SMR) test was a simple method and SMR test has a higher diagnostic accuracy. To determine the relation of the SMR and purified natural surfactant (PNS) concentration in vitro, the author conducted each 5 times test of SMR method according to 5 groups of PNS concentration by using modified Pattle's method. The results were as follows: 1) The mean and standard deviation of SMR according to 5 groups of PNS concentration were 119.4 (15.0in 20mug PL (phospholipid)/ml, 452.2 (160.2 in 40mug PL/ml, 879.0 (93.4 in 60mug PL/ml, 1311.8 (274.8in80mug PL/ml, 1710.6(272.3 in 100mug PL/ml. 2) The regression curve of SMR and PNS concentration showed statistically significant relation(p<0.005). In conclusion, the SMR test was a good method in estimation of surfactant concentration in vitro and also in diagnosis of RDS recognized as a surfactant deficiency. In the future, we expected that prophylactic surfactant replacement therapy. immediate after birth, will be more popular in the field of neonatal care of RDS. So, we recommended the use of this method for early detection and serving optimal care of RDS.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Surfactants*

Diltiazem(Herben(R)) was orally administered in a daily dose of 180mg over 8 weeks to 15 patients with angina pectoris requiring minimum 5 tablets of nitroglycerin per week. The symptom of angina pectoris was scored according to frequency and character of anginal attacks and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used was recorded during the Diltiazem therapy. We noted significant decrease of the score of anginal attack and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used during the course of Diltiazem therapy. No significant change in blood pressure, heart rate and the product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate was noted during the course of Diltiazem therapy. It is possibel that Diltiazem improved ischemic heart disease by slightly decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and increasing blood flow to the ischemic areas by dilatation of coronary arteries and collateral vessels. There was no abnormal change in laboratory findings during the Diltiazem treatment. These findings suggest that Diltiazem(Herben(R)) is a favorable and safe antianginal agent useful for longterm treatment of anginal pectoris.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Diltiazem ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nitroglycerin ; Oxygen ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Atelectasis*

Intrathoracic meningocele is a protrusion of the spinal meninges through an intervertebral foramen into thethoracic cavity. The majority occur in association with neurofibromatosis. The authors experienced a case ofintrathoracic meningocele in 26 years old male patient associated with neurofibromatosis, and present conventional CT and CT metrizamide myelographic findings.
Humans ; Male ; Meninges ; Meningocele ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Neurofibromatoses

It is difficult to distinguish benign from malignant, pulmonary nodule by conventional roentgenologic examination. But CT makes it easier to evaluate adjacent parencymal invasion, pleural or mediastinal extenstion,or early metastasis to intra- or extrathoracic lymph node as well as distant organs, although only a solitaryperipheral pulmonary nodule is seen on plain radiograph. Authors reviewed CT of 22 cases of histopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer seen as a solitary peripheral pulmonary mass from May 1980 to Sep. 1984 at DongsanMedical Center, Keimyung University. The results are as follows: 1.The incidence was most common in the 6thdecade(36%). Male to female ratio was 10:1 and 2 females all had bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 2. Thedistributions of histologic cell type were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 40%, adenocarcinoma, small cellcarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and unclassified carcinoma 14% in each cases, and adenoid cysticcarcinoma 4% . 3. The CT findings were as follows: a) Superior and posterior basal segments of both lower lobeswere most frequently involved(68%). b) The mean diameter of the mass was 48mm, and most common in the range of30-49 mm in the greatest dimension(46%). c) The mean CT atttenuation value was 57 H.U., and most common in thegroup of 41-70 H.U. (64%). d) Lymph node metastasis was found in 13 (59%) of 22 cases, and the involved nodes wereas follows: hilar nodes 10 cases, paratracheal nodes 8 cases, subcarinal nodes 7 cases and extrathoracic nodes 3cases. In 2 of 3 cases with small cell carcinoma, diffuse multiple lymph nodes were involved. e) Distantmetastasis was seen relatively early in 3 cases; cerebral metastasis in 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, rightaderenal metastasis without intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures in 1 case ofbronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, and liver and bone metastases in 1 case of unclassified carcinoma. f) Adjacentpleural or mediastinal invasion was found in 7 cases(32%): pleural invasion along chest wall in 4 cases, andinvasion of adjacent mediastinal pleura in 3 cases of 2 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 unclassifed carcinoma. g)Calcifications witihin the mass were found in 5 cases (23%), and most common in squamous cell carcinoma(3 cases).In all cases, a few granular calcification were seen along the peripheral margin of the mass. h) Tumor necrosiswas seen in 4 cases(18%), and 3 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and one of them showed irregular centralcavitation. i) The margins of tumor were irregularly lobulated with radiating spiculations in all except one ofadenoid cystic carcinoma, which revealed oval shaped, smooth clear margin. j) In 9(41%) of 22 cases, someenlargement of pulmonary vessels with perivascular linear infiltrations were found in the adjacent lungparenchymes of the mass, which were thought to be retrograde perivascular lymphangitic spread along pulmonaryvessels.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleura ; Thoracic Wall

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

Urinary protein per se causes renal tubular injury and stimulates immunologic reaction. The extent of proximal tubular injury can be estimated by measuring the amount of 24 hours urinary beta2-microglobulin (U beta2-MG). The aim of this study was whether U beta2-MG level could predict the response to the initial steroid treatment for the patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). We analyzed 58 adult patients (33 M, 25 F), aged 33+/-15 years (range 16-76), with biopsy-proven MCNS treated with 40 to 60mg of oral prednisolone daily up to 16 weeks. The responsiveness (44 cases) inculded complete and partial remission or steroid resistance (14 cases). No difference was found between the steroid responsive and resistant group with regard to age, BUN, serum creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, and urinary protein. The levels of U beta2- MG (microgram/g creatinine) were 250808+/-478917 and 1648+/-2386 in resistan ia Kwang-Yul Chang, et al.:Prediction of Steroid Responsiveness in Adult Minimal Change Nephrotic. Syndrome Using Urinary beta2-Microglobulint group and responsive group, respectively (P<0.05). The cut off value was 400microgram/ g creatinine with 78% of sensitivity and 48% of specificity. The likelihood ratio for the resistance was 2.5 to 2.8 with the U beta2-MG levels over 400 ug/g creatinine and was 0.2 to 0.3 below that value. Multivariate analysis confirmed that higher U beta2- MG level was associated with a lower likelihood of steroid responsiveness, independent of age, sex, creatinine, serum protein, and urinary protein. This study showed that the pretreatment U beta2- MG level may be used to identify subgroup of patients with MCNS who are more likely to be responsive to initial steroid treatment.
Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Prednisolone ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Conventional indomethacin therapy(0.2mg/kg every 12 hours for three doses) has been used for closure of PDA. The effect of prolonged low dose of indomethacin therapy(0.1mg/kg daily for six days)had been reported in foreign country but, nothing had been reported in our country. So we attempted this study to examine effects of these two methods. METHODS: Forty one infants with PDA of prematurity from January 1992 to July 1995 who were admitted in NICU of Il Sin Christian Hospital were included. 27 of these infants received conventional dose of indomethacin therapy and 14 received prolonged low dose of indomethacin therapy, and we examined with closure rate and complication etc. RESULTS: 1) Closure of PDA was observed in 15(55.6%) and relapse was 3(11.1%) in conventional dose therapy group. In prolonged low dose therapy group, closure was 8(57.1%) and relapse was none. 2) Intraventricular hemorrhage was observed in 20(74.1%), 6(42.9%) and gastrointestinal tract bleeding was 6(22.2%), 13(92.2%) in each group. There was statistically significant between the two groups(p<0.05). 3) The rise of serum BUN, creatinine was observed in 9(33.3%), 6(46.2%), bleeding tendency was 9(33.3%), 8(57.1%), necrotizing enterocolitis was 2(7.4%), 0 and retinopathy of prematurity was 8(29.6%), 3(21.4%) in each group.But there was not statistically significant correlation between the two groups. 4) The development of sepsis and broncopulmonary dysplasia was slightly more in prolonged low dose therapy group. 5) The reduction of urine output was observed in 11(40.7%), 2(14.3%) in each group but, absolute oliguria was not observed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Though the closure rate of PDA was similar in both groups, prolonged low dose indomethacin therapy can be recommanded with its effectiveness on preventing the relapse of PDA and the accurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Creatinine ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Oliguria ; Recurrence ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Sepsis