Characterizations of the VP4 (P type) and VP7 (G type) genes of Korean isolates of bovine rotavirus were performed using RT-PCR/RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis. After RT-PCR amplification of partial length (1094bp) of the VP4 and full length (1062bp) of the VP7 genes, amplified PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases and digestion patterns were compared with those of reference rotaviruses. With the VP4 genes, four RFLP (AD) profiles were observed; three (A, B and C) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (P[1]), IND (P[5]) and B223 (P[11]), respectively, Profile D was the same as that of porcine rotavirus OSU (p[7]). With the VP7 genes, five RFLP profiles (I-V) were observed; three of them (1, II and III) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (G6), Cody I-801 (G8), and B223 (G10), respectively, Profile IV and V were atypical to those of reference bovine rotaviruses used in this study. These two profiles were identified as G6 and G5, respectively, after analyzing and comparing the nucleotide sequences. The G typing analysis revealed that 61.9% (26/42) were G6, which included G6 subtype; 28.6% (12/42) were G5; 7.1% (3/42) were G10; 2.4% (1/42) were G8. The P typing analysis revealed that 54.8% (23/42) were P(5); 28.6% (12/42) were P(7); 11.8% (5/42) were P(11); 4.8% (2/42) were P(1). Our results showed that G6/P(5) were the most prevalent rotaviruses in diarrheic calves in Korea. Also, this is the first report that G5P(7) rotaviruses were identified from cattle with diarrhea.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Diarrhea ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Rotavirus*

No abstract available.
Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Humans

Causative bacterias of keratitis due to mishandling of contact lenses are mainly Gram negative rods, and large percentage of them are Pseudomonas. We experienced 6 cases of culture-proven Pseudomonas keratitis due to mishandling of soft contact lenses and wetting solution can be cultured. They are lack of education as how handle the contact lenses safely. And they did not done disinfection of the soft contact lens cases. To prevent contact lens related keratitis, we think it is very important for users to know its possible complication and how to use it and disinfect it safely.
Bacteria ; Contact Lenses ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Disinfection ; Education ; Keratitis* ; Pseudomonas*

In male reproducible health, fertility and IVF (in-vitro fertilization), semen analysis has been most important. Semen analysis can be divided into concentration, motional and morphological analysis of sperm. The existing method which was developed earlier to analyze semen concentrated on the sperm motility analysis. To provide more useful and precise solutions for clinical problems such as infertility, semen analysis must include sperm morphological analysis. But the traditional tools for semen analysis are subjective, imprecise, inaccurate, difficult to standardize, and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, with the help of development of microcomputers and image processing techniques, we developed a new sperm morphology analyzer to overcome these problems. In this study the agreement on percent normal morphology was studied between different observers and a computerized sperm morphology analyzer on a slide-by-slide basis using strict criteria. Slides from 30 different patients from the SNUH andrology laboratory were selected randomly. Microscopic fields and sperm cells were chosen randomly and percent normal morphology was recorded. The ability of sperm morphology analyzer to repeat the same reading for normal and abnormal cells was studied. The results showed that there was no significant bias between two experienced observers. The limits of agreement were 4.1%~-3.8%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between readers was 0.79. Between the manual and sperm morphology analyzer, the same findings were reported. In this experiments the slides were stained by two different methods, PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods. The limits of agreement were 7.2%~-5.7% and 6.0%~-6.3%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients ware 0.76 and 0.91, respectively. The limits of agreement was tighter below 20% normal forms. In the experiments of repeatability, 52 cells stained by PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods were analyzed three times in succession. Estimating pairwise agreement, the kappa statistic for the pairs were 0.76, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.75, 0.88, 0.88 respectively. In this study it was shown that there was good agreement between manual and computerized assessment of normal and abnormal cells. The repeatability and agreement per slide of computerized sperm morphology analyzer was excellent. The computer's ability to classify normal morphology per slide is promising. Based on results obtained, this system can be of clinical value both in andrology laboratories and IVF units.
Andrology ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa*

In patients disabled by severe rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis of both knees, bilateral total knee arthroplasty(TKA) afforded much functional improvement in pain relief and function. Postoperative results of bilateral TKA was described as being similiar to those observed among patients with single joint replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the etiology and postoperative result of bilateral TKA performed on 32 knees in 16 patients at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from Mar. 1985 to Oct. 1988. In our series, there were 15 females and only 1 male, their mean age was 53 years. Duration of follow up was ranged from 1 to 4 years and 5 months being average 1 year and 6 months. The results were as follow. 1. Cheif complaints were pain in 18 cases(100%) and difficulty in walking in 15 cases(82%). 2. Preoperative etiology was rheumatoid arthritis in 11 cases and degenerative arthritis in 7 cases. 3. Knee joint function by HSS(Hospital for Special Surgery) knee rating score was increased from 44.6 points preoperatively to 81.2 points postoperatively. 4. The tibiofemoral angle was changed from 1.4 degree varus to 4 degree valgus. 5. The prothesis type used were PFG(Press Fit Condylar) in 22 knees, Miller-Galante in 8 knees, AMK in 3 knees, PCA in 2 knees and unicompartmental type in 1 knee. 6. Complication were 1 case of knee fusion due to concomittant tuberculous arthritis and mild joint effusion in 6 knees. 7. Bilateral one-stage arthroplasty may be considered as an alternative procedure.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Seoul ; Walking

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease of young or middle aged adults, characterized by destructive and proliferative changes in the synovial membrane, periarticular structures, skeletal muscle and perineural sheath. Eventually, the joints are destroyed, ankylosed and deformed. Therfore, the aim of treatment is to keep the inflammatory process at a minimum, thereby preserving the joint motion, maintaining the health of muscle supplying motor power about the joint and preventing secondary joint stiffness and deformity. Surgical treatment in rheumatoid arthritis has progressed and there have been advances in the relief of pain and increase in the range of motion. Among them the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have improved steadily during the past decade due to refinements in design, fixation, and surgical technique. At orthopedic department of seoul national university hospital, we performed 31 total knee replacement in 18 patients who had suffered from rheumatoid arthritis during the period from Aug. 1982 to Dec. 1988. Following results were obtained. 1. Knee score increased from 37.8 to 76.9. 2. Tibio-femoral angle was corrected from 0.9° valgus to 5.3° valgus. 3. Conplications were peroneal nerve palsy in 3 knees, instability in 1 knee, tuberculous arthritis in 1 knee. 4. In 25 out of 31 knees, good functional results were obtained.
Adult ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Peroneal Nerve ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Seoul ; Synovial Membrane

We experienced a case of vitamin B12 unresponsive methlymalonic acidemia in a 4 day old female, who had poor feeding, dehydration with metabolic acidosis, and hyperammonernia and died at 7 days of age. Diagnosis was made by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and this case is probably a methylmalonyl CoA mutase apoenzyme deficiency type.
Acidosis ; Apoenzymes ; Chromatography, Gas ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase ; Vitamin B 12

Papular mucinosis, or lichen myxedematosus, is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by papular-lichenoid eruptions, mucin deposition, paraproteinemia, no abnormalities of thyroid function and IgG or IgM deposition in the reticular dermis or just below the epidermis in about 35% cases on direct immunofluorescence study. We report a case of papular mucinosis in a 48-year-old male, who noticed the skin colored or yellowish waxy papules on his upper arm 1 year ago. Since then, similar lesions developed on his upper extremities, upper trunk, and neck during last year. Histopathological findings of the lichenoid papules showed that the collagen fibers in the upper dermis are loosly arranged and separated by amorphous materials. These amorphous materials were positve with colloidal iron stain. Serum protein electrophoresis showed no abnormal bands and an abnormal paraprotein was not detected. Direct immunofluorescenc study of a skin biopsy specimen showed a granular IgM deposit in the papillary dermis. This is the sixth case of papular mucinosis reported in Korea, but is the first case showing IgM deposit in the skin by immunofluorescence study.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Colloids ; Dermis ; Electrophoresis ; Epidermis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Iron ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Neck ; Paraproteinemias ; Scleromyxedema* ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of some therapeutic modalities for cutaneous sporotrichosis may be changed depending on the individual and geographic characteristics, and the clinical type. Itraconazole has been known to be effective for it, however, there have been no standard and ideal guideline on the oral dosage and duration yet. OBJECTIVE & METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral itraconazole in patients with cutaneous sporotrichosis in relation to dosage and clinical status. The observation of 17 patients with sporotrichosis were made retrospectively Oral itraconazole was administered at the dose of 200 mg daily in 15 adults over 18 years old and 100 mg in the other 2 children. RESULTS: The duration for healing was within 30 days in 4 cases, within 60 days in 4 cases, within 90 days in 2 cases, within 120 days in 3 cases, and within 150 days of therapy in 2 cases. The average duration in all cases was 12.1+/-8.6 weeks. Comparison our results to the previous reported one revealed that more shorter treatment time was needed in cases treated with 200 mg daily than that with 100 mg. There was no treatment failure by drug intolerance or resistance. The duration for healing was significantly shorter in the patient groups with prevalence duration more than 5 months, however there was not any significant difference in sex of patients, and the clinical types. The cases with the lesion on the face and cases with fixed type tended to be healed more rapidly than the others. CONCLUSION: Oral itraconazole may be a safe and e(fictive antifungal agent for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in a daily dose of 200 mg for 3 months on the average. However, duration for healing could be influenced by the clinical status.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sporotrichosis* ; Treatment Failure

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to examine the relationship between the intrauterine infection and the concentration of cord blood interleukin 6 in preterm infants. METHODS: Patients delivering preterm infants because of spontaneous preterm labor were evaluated for clinical signs of chorioamnionitis, which was defined as a temperature of >or=37.8 degrees C along with >or=2 of the followings : Significant maternal tachycardia (>or= 100/min), fetal tachycardia (>or=160/min), purulent discharge, uterine tenderness, and leukocytosis (WBC >or=15,000c ells/mm3). Their placentas were examined for histologic chorioamnionitis. Cord blood was assayed for Interleukin 6 and CRP. And Interleukin 6 and CRP were sequentially determined at 12-24hour and at 36-48 hour. An elevated interleukin 6 was determined to be 20 pg/mL. Infants were evaluated for the evidences of early and late neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal pneumonia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RESULTS: Umbilical cord blood interleukin 6 was significantly higher in the presence of intrauterine infection than in the absence of intrauterine infection (208.4+/-426.3 pg/mL VS 13.3+/-20.6 pg/mL P=0.018). And the frequencies of histologic chorioamnionitis, early neonatal sepsis, neonatal pneumonia, and morbidity were significantly higher in the presence of intrauterine infection than in the absence of intrauterine infection (P=0.003, P=0.000, P=0.042, and P=0.000, respectively). There was significant difference in gestational age, but no significant differences in maternal age, parity, birth weight, method of delivery, respiratory destress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Using receiver operator characteristic curves, the best cutoff for interleukin 6 was found to be 20 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: Cord blood interleukin 6 was significantly elevated in the intrauterine infection in the preterm infant.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Chorioamnionitis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Interleukin-6* ; Interleukins* ; Leukocytosis ; Maternal Age ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parity ; Placenta ; Pneumonia ; Pregnancy ; Sepsis ; Tachycardia