We report the delayed sequelae arising in a case of electrical injury, reviewing the literature on the subject and focusing on the MRI findings of the brain. A 23-year-old male suffered burns to the left parietal scalp, both feet, and the anterior chest wall. Neurological symptoms and MRI abnormalities appeared 14 days after the insult and continued for about three months. T1-weighted MR images demonstrated homogeneous hypointensity, while T2-weighted images depicted hyperintense finger-like projections. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images demonstrated strong band-like enhancement, indicating meningeal hyperemia. Follow-up MR imaging showed that the lesion had disappeared, indicating that the cerebral edema and meningeal hyperemia were reversible.
Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Burns* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp ; Thoracic Wall ; Young Adult

Sclerosing peritonitis is an uncommon complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and can lead to small bowel dysfunction involving abdominal pain, progressive loss of ultrafiltration, and small intestinal obstruction. Peritoneal thickening, in which calcification can develop, often starts as a small plaque which gradually becomes larger. We report a case of CAPD-related calcifying peritonitis.
Abdominal Pain ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrafiltration

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR imaging findings of chondrosarcomas by correlation with pathologic classificationand grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR imaging-pathologic correlation of nineteen chondrosarcomas. Conventional chondrosarcomas accounted for 15 cases (grade I : 6, II : 6, III : 3) and the mesenchymal and dedifferentiated types each accounted for two. MR signal intensity (SI) of the tumor on T1- and T2-weighted images(T1WI and T2WI, respectively), was classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous low-, iso- or high SI, and enhancing pattern as marginal, marginal and septal, marginal and nodular, or diffuse enhancement. RESULTS: Eighteen cases of chondrosarcomas (95%) showed homogeneous or heterogeneous low- or iso SI on T1WI and high SI on T2WI. Low gradeconventional chondrosarcomas showed marginal and septal (n=8/10) or marginal (n=2/10) enhancement on Gd-enhanced MR images. Grade III conventional chondrosarcomas showed marginal or marginal and nodular enhancement. Dedifferentiated and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas showed marginal and nodular or diffuse enhancement. CONCLUSION: Chondrosarcomas showed iso- or low SI on T1WI and high SI on T2WI. Marginal and septal enhancement was demonstrated on Gd-enhanced MR images of grade I and II conventional chondrosarcomas. If a tumor showed amarginal and nodular or diffuse enhancing pattern, this suggested it was a of high grade chondrosarcoma.
Chondrosarcoma* ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; Classification* ; Gadolinium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: To investigate the in vivo proton MRS features of various focal hepatic lesions and to distinguish these features according to the involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five hepatic lesions [hepatocellular carcinoma (n=7), cholangiocarcinoma(n=3), metastatic tumor (n=9), hemangioma (n=3), hepatic abscess (n=2), lymphoma (n=1)] underwent proton MR spectroscopy using a 1.5T unit and a localized proton STEAM sequence, without respiratory interruption, The findings of this in-vivo sequence were then reviewed, with particular attention to the presence and location of dominant peaks. RESULTS: In-vivo proton MR spectra were successfully acquired in all cases. A dominant lipid peak appeared in the MR spectra of the hepatocellular carcinomas, metastatic tumors, hepatic abscesses, lymphoma, one hemangioma and one cholangiocarcinoma(88%) at 1.3ppm, but not in two cholangiocarcinomas and one hemangioma. The spectral peaks of other metabolites appeared very irregular and even different in the same disease. CONCLUSION: In focal hepatic lesions, the spectra obtained during in-vivo proton MRS were useful, and a lipid peak was most frequent and dominant. Among the various neoplasms there were, however, no specific MR spectral features, and nor did such features vary according to the specific pathologic entity.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Hemangioma ; Liver Abscess ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Protons* ; Steam

PURPOSE: To evaluate imaging features of pure lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who underwent immediate re-excision after lumpectomy. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (46.1±6.7 years) with 28 pure LCIS lesions, who underwent preoperative MRI and received curative surgery at our institution between 2005 and 2013, were included in this study. Clinicopathologic features associated with immediate re-excision were reviewed and analyzed using Fisher exact test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Of the 28 lesions, 21.4% (6/28, six patients) were subjected to immediate re-excision due to resection margin involvement by LCIS. Nonmass lesions and moderate-to-marked background parenchymal enhancement on MRI were more frequently found in the re-excision group than in the single operation group (100% [6/6] vs. 40.9% [9/22], p=0.018; 83.3% [5/6] vs. 31.8% [7/22], p=0.057, respectively). The median lesion size discrepancy observed between magnetic resonance images and histopathology was greater in the re-excision group than in the single operation group (-0.82 vs. 0.13, p=0.018). There were no differences in the mammographic or histopathologic findings between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Nonmass LCIS lesions or moderate-to-marked background parenchymal enhancements on MRI can result in an underestimation of the extent of the lesions and are associated with subsequent re-excision due to resection margin involvement.
Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mastectomy, Segmental*

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after > 10 years of follow-up. Materials and Methods: This study included five patients who underwent RFA to treat PTMCs (five lesions, mean diameter 0.5 cm, range 0.4–0.7 cm) between November 2006 and December 2009. The inclusion criteria were histopathologically confirmed PTMCs, a single PTMC lesion without extrathyroidal extension, no metastasis, and ineligibility or refusal to undergo surgery. RFA was performed by a single radiologist using a radiofrequency generator and an internally cooled electrode. We retrospectively analyzed the procedure-induced complications, serial changes in ablated tumors, recurrence, and local as well as lymph node metastasis based on data obtained from medical records and radiological images. Results: The mean follow-up period was 130.6 months (range 121–159 months). Three patients underwent a single RFA session, and two patients underwent two RFA sessions. We observed no procedure-induced complications. Three tumors completely disappeared after ablation, and ablation of the other two tumors resulted in the formation of a small scar that showed long-term stability (mean duration 16.8 months, range 12–27 months). At the last follow-up, no patient showed recurrence or lymph node metastasis, and serum thyroglobulin levels were within normal limits in all patients. Conclusion RFA may be effective and safe to treat low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse or are ineligible for surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after > 10 years of follow-up. Materials and Methods: This study included five patients who underwent RFA to treat PTMCs (five lesions, mean diameter 0.5 cm, range 0.4–0.7 cm) between November 2006 and December 2009. The inclusion criteria were histopathologically confirmed PTMCs, a single PTMC lesion without extrathyroidal extension, no metastasis, and ineligibility or refusal to undergo surgery. RFA was performed by a single radiologist using a radiofrequency generator and an internally cooled electrode. We retrospectively analyzed the procedure-induced complications, serial changes in ablated tumors, recurrence, and local as well as lymph node metastasis based on data obtained from medical records and radiological images. Results: The mean follow-up period was 130.6 months (range 121–159 months). Three patients underwent a single RFA session, and two patients underwent two RFA sessions. We observed no procedure-induced complications. Three tumors completely disappeared after ablation, and ablation of the other two tumors resulted in the formation of a small scar that showed long-term stability (mean duration 16.8 months, range 12–27 months). At the last follow-up, no patient showed recurrence or lymph node metastasis, and serum thyroglobulin levels were within normal limits in all patients. Conclusion RFA may be effective and safe to treat low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse or are ineligible for surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of thin-section proton density oblique sagittal MR imaging in the diagnosis of tear involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 61 arthroscopically confirmed cases (29 patients with ACL injury and 32 normal subjects), thin section proton-density images (TSPDI) were obtained and compared with conventional oblique sagittal PDI and T2-weighted images (T2WI). In TSPD imaging, the scan plane was parallel to the course of the ACL, based on a coronal scanogram; the parameters used were TR/TE 2000 msec/20 -33 msec, 2-mm slice thickness, 16 x16 cm FOV, 256 x192 matrix, two excitations, and no intersection gap. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of MR images for diagnosing ACL tear, and their quality, on the basis of whether or not they successfully visualised the anterior/posterior margin of the ACL and linear signal intensities within the ACL fascicles. We also investigated the effects of partial volume averaging between the proximal portion of the ACL and the lateral femoral condyle. RESULT: The sensitivity/specificity of TSPD imaging for diagnosing ACL tear were not significantly different from those of conventional oblique sagittal PDI and T2WI. In the ACL injury group, TSPDI was better in detecting increased signal intensity, ACL thickening, and visualization of torn ACL than conventional oblique sagittal PDI and T2WI. In normal subjects, image quality was constantly better on TSPDI than on conventional oblique sagittal PDI and T2WI. TSPDI clearly revealed the anterior margin in 31/32 cases (97%) and linear signal intensities within the ACL fascicles in all 32 (100%), and also markedly reduced the partial volume effect of the proximal ACL and lateral femoral condyle. CONCLUSION: In evaluating the ACL, the use of TSPD imaging is likely to lead to improved image quality. In addition, where routine MR imaging reveals indeterminate ACL injury, TSPDI can provide additional clues to diagnosis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Protons* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness and limitation of FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) MR sequence in various intracranial pathologic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In prospective fashion, we used a 1.0T MR unit to obtain FLAIR sequence MR images, together with T1-weighted (TIWI), proton-density weighted (PDWI), and T2-weighted spin echo images (T2WI) in 24 patients with various intracranial diseases. Forty-two lesions in 24 patients were classified into three categories: nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions (n=20), hemorrhagic lesions (n=10), and cavitary lesions (n=12). Hemorrhagic lesion was divided into two types; type 1 showed high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI and type 2 showed marked low signal intensity on T2WI such as hemosiderin. Cavitary lesion was defined as one with signal intensity which paralleled CSF on all pulse sequences. Visually, we compared the lesion conspicuity on FLAIR with that on T2WI. Quantitatively, we also compared lesion/white matter (WM) contrast, lesion/WM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), lesion/CSF contrast, and lesion/CSF CNR on FLAIR with those on T2WI. RESULTS: For visual conspicuity of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions and type 1 hemorrhagic lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI and T2WI, but for type 2 hemorrhangic lesions, PDWI and T2WI were superior to FLAIR. For cavitary lesions, there was no significant difference between T2WI and FLAIR. In the quantitative assessment of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI for lesion/CSF contrast, and CNR, and lesion/WM contrast, but for lesion/WM CNR FLAIR was inferior to PDWI. For lesion/CSF contrast in cavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI. There was no significant difference between PDWI and FLAIR for hemorrhagic lesions types 1 and 2. In assessing nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to T2WI for lesion/CSF contrast, but for lesion/WM CNR, FLAIR was inferior to T2WI. In cavitary lesions, T2WI was superior to FLAIR for lesion/WM contrast and CNR. In type 2 hemorrhagic lesions, there was no significant difference between T2WI. CONCLUSION: The FLAIR sequence is more useful than T2WI for the detection of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, but in the evaluation of cavitary and hemorrhagic lesions, it has limitations. The results suggest that the FLAIR sequence can be used as a complementary imaging sequence, but should not replace the routine T2WI.
Diagnosis* ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Noise ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Meckel Diverticulum* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Pancreas*