Ectopic pregnancy is an implantation of the fertilized ovum on a place except the endometrium. Most of the ectopic pregnancies are located at the fallopian tube. Few cases of retroperitoneal hematoma associated with ectopic pregnancy have been reported on previously; in each the retroperitoneal space had been the site of implantation. In contrast, we treated a patient with an ectopic pregnancy that implanted in the tube and then perforated through into the retroperitoneal space. To our knowledge this is very rare case of retroperitoneal hematoma caused by a ruptured tubal pregnancy.
Endometrium ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Zygote

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Carnosic acid (CA), found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to exhibit anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether its anti-inflammatory potency can contribute to the amelioration of obesity has not been elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of CA on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CA (0-20 microM) for 1 h, followed by treatment with LPS for 30 min; mRNA expression of adipokines and protein expression of TLR4-related molecules were then measured. RESULTS: LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed elevated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and CA significantly inhibited the expression of these adipokine genes. LPS-induced up regulation of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear factor-kappaB, as well as phosphorylated extracellular receptor-activated kinase were also suppressed by pre-treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CA. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that CA directly inhibits TLR4-MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and decreases the inflammatory response in adipocytes.
Adipocytes* ; Adipokines ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Obesity ; Phosphotransferases ; RNA, Messenger ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Up-Regulation

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid profiles, and fatty acid mechanism markers were evaluated. The 0.02% (w/w) CA diet resulted in a marked decline in steatosis grade, as well as in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) results, body weight gain, liver weight, and blood lipid levels (P < 0.05). The expression level of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was significantly lower in mice fed 0.01% (w/w) CA and 0.02% (w/w) CA diets than that in the HFD group; on the other hand, the expression level of beta-oxidation-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), was higher in mice fed a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet, than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hepatic content of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly lower in mice fed the 0.02% (w/w) CA diet than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that orally administered CA suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders through decrease of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid elongation and increase of fatty acid beta-oxidation in mice.
Acyl Coenzyme A ; Acyl-CoA Oxidase ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Carrier Proteins ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hand ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipogenesis ; Liver ; Mice ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Phenol ; Plant Extracts ; PPAR alpha ; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase

A rare case of mixed carcinoma of the cervix is reported, composed of a small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Neuroendocrine cervical carcinomas are very rare and aggressive. The prognosis is very poor despite multimodal treatment. Earlier reports have shown that the majority of patients present with advanced stage disease, have lymph node metastasis, and are at a high risk for recurrence and disease progression. In this study, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman with composite small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. A woman presented with vaginal bleed since 2 months of presentation. Gynecologic examination revealed cervical enlargement, and punch biopsy of the cervical lesion was performed. The biopsy was disclosed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient underwent a radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. The final histopathologic findings are mixed small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The malignant transformation of a cystic teratoma is a rare event, occurring in about 0.2% to 1.8%. Primary malignant melanoma arising from the ovary is extremely rare. A primary melanoma in an ovarian cystic teratoma originates most frequently at the dermoepidermal junction, similar to a cutaneous melanoma. Though there are no standard adjuvant regimens for the treatment of primary malignant melanoma of the ovary. We present another case report of malignant melanoma developing in cystic teratoma.
Female ; Melanoma ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Teratoma

Struma ovarii is a rare, monodermal and highly specialized teratoma, composed entirely or predominantly (>50%) of thyroid tissue. Presenting symptoms are not specific. Despite containing thyroid tissue, only 5% of struma ovarii have features of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis of struma ovarii is difficult. Recently, the authors experienced a case of struma ovarii found in a young woman who presented with known pelvic mass and dysmenorrhea. A transabdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography detected a 16-cm sized multiloculated mass in pelvic cavity. She underwent laparoscopic unilateral ovarian wedge resection. The final histopathologic diagnosis was struma ovarii of the mature cystic teratoma. Therefore, we report this rare case with a brief review of the literature.
Diagnosis ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Struma Ovarii* ; Teratoma ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as the complete cessation of menses less than 40 years of age. The criteria are more than four months of amenorrhea, with serum follicle stimulating hormone value of >40 mIU/mL and the frequency of POF is about 1% of all women. Although the etiologies of POF remain unknown, suggested factors are genetic, autoimmune, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and environmental toxins. The cytogenetic abnormalities predominantly concern the X chromosome, including Turner syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and deletion, translocation, or duplication of X chromosome. We report a very rare case of premature ovarian failure with the following karyotype: 46,X,dup(Xq), and report it with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Fragile X Syndrome ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; Turner Syndrome ; X Chromosome

A cornual pregnancy occurs when the conceptus implants at the cornus of the uterus which is the junction between the fallopian tube and uterine cavity. Cornual pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and its diagnosis is difficult. It accounts for 2 to 4% of tubal pregnancy and rupture usually occurs between 8 weeks and 16 weeks of gestation. The rich vascularity in this location makes the rupture particularly dangerous, resulting in higher maternal mortality. We have experienced a case of unruptured cornual pregnancy at 9 weeks of atypical ultrasonographic findings, which was hourglass appearance. We present this case with a brief review of the literature.
Cornus ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Rupture ; Uterus

We report a case of pseudo-Meigs syndrome due to a large subserosal leiomyoma in a patient with a high serum carcinogenic antigen 125 level. Initial clinical examination suggested disseminated malignant disease though the typical signal characteristics of leiomyoma, seen at MR imaging, led to the diagnosis of pseudo-Meigs syndrome.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Ectopic pregnancy and appendicitis in pregnancy are two most common causes of acute abdomen in young women and differenciation of these diseases is very difficult. Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare event, occuring less than 1:30,000 pregnancies in natural conception cycles. However, with assisted reproduction techniques, this incidence has increased. We experienced a case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy after missed abortion and acute appendicitis treated by laparoscopy. So we report this case with brief review of literature.
Abdomen, Acute ; Abortion, Missed ; Appendicitis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic ; Reproductive Techniques