An analytic expression for equivalent square fields and a table are derived using the empirical representations obtained from the measured field size dependence of output for square field in a phantom. The expression is applicable to radiation fields that consistent with the following two assumptions imposed on these representations. 1) It is a linear function of the logarithm of the field area. 2) It is approximately the same function for both square and circular field of similar areas. In this paper, the derived tables and BJR table were consulted.

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Fluorouracil* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

In recent years there has been a growing interest in all forms of rotational therapy, and many different types of therapy machines designed for this kind of treatment have become available. To the medical radiation physicist, the dosimetry of rotation therapy has presented a number of interesting problems, and much useful work has been published on the basic date of dose distribution and dosage calculation. The setting dose for ARC therapy were obtained by computer calculation and measurement with cylindrical phantom. Authors compared computer calculation with measured value. And in ARC therapy, the region of maximum dose in shifted from the tumor center. The extent of shift was analyzed by isodose distribution for ARC therapy techniques.
Particle Accelerators*

Using same TDE factors, the authors studied the effects of whole abdominal irradiation on body weight and peripheral blood picture in 30±3 day old mice. Fractions of 100 and 200 cGy were given five times a week to the final TDF factors 17, 33, and 49. Total 80 mice were irradiated with orthovoltage x-ray machine. Our results can be summarized as follows: There were no significant differences by sex. Body weight was progressively decreased by the duration for irradiation, but no remarkable difference by fractional dose. Hemoglobin level showed no remarkable change by fractional dose or TDF factors. Leukopenic changes showed that severity of decrease seems to be more related to TDF factors. There were no significant changes of differential count by TDF factors of total doses.
Animals ; Body Weight* ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Mice*

Interferon preparations, in addition to their antiviral properties, may inhibit cell growth and multiplication, enhance the expression of cell surface antigens and influence some functions of T-1ymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells. The study was performed in order to investigate the cytolytic effect, antiproli ferative effect and HLA antigen expression effect of the gamma-interferon(IFN- r ) on human melanoma cell line A-375. the cytolytic activities were checked by 'Cr release assay, the antiproliferative activities were analyzed by the 'H-thymidine uptake test and HLA antigen expressions were observed by the indirect imrnuno fluor esent method. The results were as follows : 1. The cytolytic effect of the peripheral rnononuclea.r cells treated with INF- on A 375 human melanoma cell line was increased to 31.4%, 36.5%, 33.9%, 53.9 %, 13.9% respectively in the experiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as compared to control group (-11.4%, 3.6%, 18.5%, 35.5%, 6.7% respectively). 2. 1ri the dose response check of the peripheral mononuclear cells treated with INF r to A 375, the cytolytic effect was definitely observed at 200U/ml concentration of the INF r and maximal effect was observed at 500U/ml concentration. 3. The IIUF r treated natural killer cells did not show any significant increase in cytolytie activity as compared to that of untreated natural killer cell and the same results were obtained with monocytes. This cytolytic activity was significantly increased when INF-r treated natural killer cells were co-culturd with monoeytes. 4. The cyaolytjc activity of natural killer cells was increased at the same degree when using culture supernant of INF- treated monocytes as in the case of using
Antigens, Surface ; Cell Line ; Humans* ; Interferons* ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Macrophages ; Melanoma* ; Monocytes

A 15-year-old female patient had malignant atrophic papulosis(Degos' disease) that affected the skin and probably intestinal tract. She had multiple erythematous papules with porcelain-white atrophic centers on the trunk and extremities. Also she suffered from intermittent nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. She received appendectomy for abdominal pain 2 months ago. Histopathologic studies showed atrophic epidermis and necrobiotic dermis. There were endothelial thickening, fibrinoid necrosis of bload vessels, perivascular lymphocytic infiltation in the lower dermis. She was treatd with acetyl salicylic acid and dipyridamole, but there was no improvement.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Appendectomy ; Dermis ; Dipyridamole ; Epidermis ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Malignant Atrophic Papulosis* ; Nausea ; Necrosis ; Salicylic Acid ; Skin ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: This study was performed in order to investigate the changes of Na+ transport system in the red blood cells of patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity were measured in 30 cases of essential hypertension and 20 healthy normal controls. And these measurements were analyzed in terms of some important clinical parameters in the patients, i.e., body mass index(BMI), status of hypertension and plasma lipids. RESULTS: Na(+) and K(+) contents of red cells in hypertensive patients were 16.9+/-1.4 and 77.8+/-2.1mmol/L cells, respectively, and no significant difference was found compared with respective value of normal control(14.2+/-0.9 and 82.2+/-2.8mmol/L cells). Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport in the patients group was significantly ancreased compared with control group(62.5+/-4.5 and 46.8+/-3.0umol/L cells.hr), and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity was also showed a significant depression(8.72+/-0.80 and 12.79+/-0.52umol Pi/mg.hr). In the analysis regarding the relationship between Na(+) transport system and some important clinical parameters of the patients with essential hypertension, Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport was related to BMI, and the level of triglyceride. On the other hand, Na(+)-K(+) pump activity was related to the WHO stage and the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. But level of blood pressure did not show a significant correlation with either are of the two Na(+) transport system. CONCLUSION: These resluts suggest that Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity in patients with essential hypertension were significantly altered compared with heathy normal controls, and these Na(+) transport system were also influenced by BMI, WHO stage, and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. And the individual variation in Na(+) transport system were also suggested by the findings being overlapped between hypertensive patients and controls.
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Erythrocytes* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

Congenital smooth musele hamartomas appear at birth as hypertrichotic patches or plaques with or without hyperpigmentation. Histologic characteristic is hyperplasia of dermal smooth muscle bundles. We report a case of congenital smooth muscle harnartoma in 5-year-old female, who showed localized excessive-hairy, skin-colored patch on the lateral surface of left. elbow, which were found at birth. Biopsy specimen showed hyperpigmentation of the basal layers of epidermis, melanophages in upper dermis, and hyperplasia of smooth muscle bundles in lower dermis.
Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrichosis ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Parturition

No abstract available.
Humans

Eighty four patients with 104 calcaneal fractures which were treated at the dept. of orthopaedic surgery, Inchon Christian Hospital from October, 1979 to September, 1983 were clinically analysed and the results were as follows; 1. 72 patients were male and 12 patients were female. The male were more injuried in the ratio of 6:l. 2. Their ages were ranged from 6 yrs. to 66 yrs. (average; 35.4 yrs.) and the half of the patients were occured at the 3rd and 4th decade. They admitted for average 7.6/7 weeks. 3. The main cause was a fall from a height in 62 patients (73.8%) and its average height was 4.5m. 4. The open fractures were occured in 13 feet (12.5%) and the spine fracture was associated in 16 patient (19%). 5. The 104 cases were classified according to the Rowe and Essex-Lopresti classification. Fractures involving subtalar joint were 74 feet (71.2%) and the Rowes type V were 58 feet(55.8%). 6. The 22 cases were treated by elosed reduction and axial pin fixation, 10 cases were treated by open reduction and the subtalar fusion was done at 2 cases. Others were treated by cast immobilization with or without closed reduction. The satisfactory result was obtained in 64 cases(61.5%). 7. The most common problem after any treatment was persistent foot pain, especially beneath the lateral malleolus.
Calcaneus ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Foot ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incheon ; Male ; Spine ; Subtalar Joint