Glutathione(GSH) has a very important role in detoxification of cells and is closely related to antitumor drug-resistance of cancer cells. In order to evaluate the importance of glutathione metabolism in the drug-resistant cancer cells, the concentration of celluar GSH and activities of y-glutamylcysteine synthetase(GCS), y-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferases(GST) in the adriamycin, vincristine, or cisplatin resistant L1210 (L1210AdR; L1210VcR, or L12100s) sublines were measured. Expression and amplification of GCS, GGT, and GST-i7 genes were also observed in the parent L1210 and the drug-resistant L1210 sublines. The concentration of GSH was increased 5.34 fold in L12100s, 2.83 fold in L1210VcR, and 1.78 fo-d in L1210AdR, compared to L1210. The activities of GCS and GGT were -increased in drug-resistant L1210 sublines. The GST activity was increased in L1210VcR and L1210Cis but decreased in L1210AdR compared to L1210. Expression of GCS, GGT, and GST-rr genes were increased in the resistant L1210 sublines compare to the parent L1210 in northern blot analyses. Overexpression of GCS, GGT, and GST-77 were observed in the resistant sublines, and the increases of the concentration of glutathione and the activities of GCS and GGT in the resistant sublines may be involved in a part of the drug-resistance in the resistant sublines.
Blotting, Northern ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Parents ; Vincristine

Glutathione (GSH) is a well-known antioxidative cellular component which is ubiquitous in nature. Several enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and recycling have been found to play important roles in detoxification of xenobiotics and free radicals. In this study, total GSH content, activity of GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase were measured in liver and kidney of cisplatin treated rats. Total GSH content (mM/g protein) of liver was higher in cisplatin treated rats (1.51±0.28) than of nontreated control (0.95±0.28), and in kidney, it was also higher in cisplatin treated rats (0.87±0.20) than that of control (0.68±0.14). The activity of GSH peroxidase (µM/mg protein/min) was lower in liver of cisplatin treated rats (348.0±18.54) than that of control (415.5±53.15), in kidney it was increase din cisplatin treated rats (380.5±51.86) compared to control (327.3±20.36). The activity of GSH reductase (µM/mg protein/min) was higher in liver of cisplatin treated rats (3.09±0.88) than that of control (2.28±0.61), in kidney it was also higher in cisplatin treated rats (8.50±2.62) than that of control (3.30±1.10). In summary, detoxification of ciplatin was revealed lesser effect in kidney as show increasion of GSH peroxidase and reductase and detoxification of cisplatin was expressed effectively in liver by increasing of GSH content and decreasing GSH peroxidase.
Animals ; Cisplatin* ; Free Radicals ; Glutathione* ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Metabolism* ; Oxidoreductases ; Peroxidase ; Rats* ; Recycling ; Xenobiotics

Multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype is frequently observed in animal and human cancer cell lines selected for in vitro resistance to a single chemotherapeutic agent. It is characterized by the diminished j drug accumulation and is related to the drug efflux mechanism in resistant cells. In the present study, adriamycin resistant cells(L1210-AdR6 : 10-6M adriamycin, -AdR5: 10-5M) and vincristine resistant cells (L1210-VcR7: 10-7M vincristine, -VcR6: 10-6M) were produced from mouse lymphoblastic leukemia cell line L1210. Growth profiles of survived cells were observed for 5 days with MTT(thiazolyl blue) assay and resistance was compared with IWdrug concentration of 50% survival reduction in absorbance). Resisrant cells proliferated more slowly than sensitive cell. Doubling times were 29.7hr in L1210, 68.7hr in L1210-AdR5 and 58.2hr in -VcR6. MDRs expressed as resistance factor were as follows, L1210-AdR5 was 76.4 times for vincristine, L1210-VcR6 was 96.4 times for adriamycin. The cell membrane proteins with three different M.W. were recognized to be related resistance, 220, 158, and 88 kd in L1210-AdR5, 158, 140 and 88 kd in L1210-VcR6 by SDS-PAG electrophoresis. Cell surface membrane proteins were identified by radio-iodination and autoradiogram. their molecular! weights were 158, 72.8. and 42.4 Kd in L1210-VcR6.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance* ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins* ; Membranes* ; Mice* ; Phenotype ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Vincristine ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: The effect of Video Display Terminals(VDT) Syndrome is well documented. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in systemic subjective symptoms between long term users of computers with that of the general population and to help plan to avoid the risk of developing Video Display Terminal Syndrome. METHOD: Data was collected for this study between August 1996 and February 1997. Two groups consisting of seventy(70) long term computer users(Exposed Subjects) and fifty nine(59) non users (Non Exposed Subjects), were selected for the survey. Data was gathered from the exposed subjects through their response to the survey questionnaire posted on the internet requiring detailed responses concerning ten systemic subjective symptoms that were experienced as a result of the long term exposure to VDT. Data was gathered from the non exposed subjects through written responses to the questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the more significant difference was the experience of ocular symptoms among the exposed group. The exposed group experienced in descending order eleven items of ocular symptoms. Congestion, strain, decreased visual acuity, ocular pain, and dryness. Among seven items of lifestyle, the exposed group characteristically exercised less(P<0.05) and did more home activity (P<0.05), characteristically lead healthier life than the non exposed group. Participation in exercise differed most among the groups. The exposed group participating in moderate exercise scored 517+/-551.6 compared to the non exposed group which exercised very vigorously(p<0.05). In comparison of subjective symptom and life styles per daily exposure time(over 8,10,16 hours daily) there was significant difference between 8 and 10hour exposers only in the stress item(P<0.05). In the exposure group there were less cardiovascular symptoms(P<0.05) due to more art activity(P<0.05), more cardiovascular symptoms and less sleep activity(P<0.001) and more ocular symptoms(P<0.05) due to higher levels of stress. CONCLUSIONS: By exercising, exposers can decrease the respiratory symptoms, and by seeking methods that enable efficient management of work time, the subjects can benefit from the reduced work time, and by seeking methods so that one receive less stress and can resolve them they can reduce their ocular symptoms, sleep problems, cardiovascular symptoms. And in their spare time, the subjects can be recommended to involve in art activity for each person, through PC indirectly. Designing the development of cyber gallery, museum, literature room, concert can reduce the oecur-rence rate of cardiovascular symptoms.
Computer Terminals ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Humans ; Internet ; Life Style* ; Museums ; Visual Acuity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Dinoprost* ; Female ; Laparoscopes* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

Result and complications were evaluated in 28 eyes of 28 patients who had undergone pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment from December 1994 to May 1995 and were followed for at least 4 months. Twenty four eyes were phakic, one eye aphakic and three eyes pseudophakic. 0.3mlof perfluoropropane(4 eyes)or 0.45ml of sulfur hexafluoride(24 eyes)was injected. Mean follow-up time was 33.3 months. Perioperative complications included subconjunctival gas in 2 eyes, subretinal gas in 1 eye and delayed absorption of subretinal fluid in 5 eyes. Retinal reattachment was obtained in 22 eyes(79%) and final reattachment rate was 100% with an additional procedure of scleral buckle(4 eyes)or pars plana vitrectomy(2 eyes). Final visual acuity improved in 25 eyes(89%), and decreased in 2 eyes. Postoperatively following complications were noted;mild proliferative vitreoretinopathy(3 eyes), epiretinal membrane(1 eye), central retinal artery occlusion(1 eye), nucleosclerosis(4 eyes)and cataract operation(2 eyes). This result suggests that pneumatic retinopexy could be a good method for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Absorption ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Subretinal Fluid ; Sulfur ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

The CDKN2 (MTS1/p16INK4A) gene, encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, was found to be homozygously deleted at a high frequency in cell lines from many different types of cancer and some primary cancers. To determine the frequency of CDKN2 mutations in most common human cancers in Korea, PCR and PCR-SSCP analyses for the exon 2 of CDKN2 were performed on each set of 20 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of stomach adenocarcinomas, lung cancers, cervix cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas. No mutations in exon 2 of CDKN2 were found in 20 stomach adenocarcinomas. In contrast to rare mutations in stomach adenocarcinomas, a high frequency of CDKN2 mutations was identified in other 3 cancers, 11 of 20 (55%) lung cancers (7 of 10 NSCLCs and 4 of 10 SCLCs), 14 of 20 (70%) cervix cancers and 11 of 20 (55%) hepatocellular carcinomas. These results suggest that mutations of the CDKN2 gene might be an important genetic change in NSCLCs, cervix cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Cervix Neoplasms/genetics* ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; Paraffin Embedding ; Protein p16/genetics* ; Sequence Deletion ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics* ; Tissue Embedding/methods

A partial fragment of novel sequence (arr, adriamycin-resistant related) was previously identified using the differential display (DD)-PCR technique with adriamycin-resistant L1210 variant (L1210AdR), which shows a typical multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The present research shows the isolation of full length arr cDNA sequence. To clone the full length cDNA of arr gene, DD-PCR fragments were subjected to 5'- and 3'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA End (RACE) method. The cloned arr cDNA consisted of 770 bases and contained an open reading frame of 153 bases, encoding a protein of 51 amino acid with the molecular mass of 4 kDa by in vitro translation reactions. Northern blot analysis showed that a 770 bases transcript arr gene was overexpressed in adriamycin-resistant L1210 variant, but not in the parent suggesting that the arr gene may be involved in the adriamycin-resistant phenotypes.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Leukemia L1210/genetics* ; Leukemia L1210/drug therapy ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Translation, Genetic