No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Follow-Up Studies*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal value of the anal canal structures by transvaginal sonography in normal woman and compare this technique with the more commonly used transanal technique. METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 25 parous patients between 4th and 8th decade of age, using a Bruel and Kajer type-1890. This procedure was followed by transanal sonography using the same system. The thickness of mucosa and submucosa, internal and external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle were measured by both methods. RESULTS: The thickness of mucosa- submucosa, internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle by transvaginal sonography were 2.84 0.2 (2.6~3.0) mm, 2.98 0.4 (2.6~3.3) mm, 7.4 0.3 (7.1~7.7) mm, 7.5 0.5 (7.4~7.6) mm respectively(mean value standard deviation and range). The detection rate of external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle by transvaginal sonography were between 55.5% (5/9) and 71.4% (5/7). CONCLUSIONS: The thickness of internal anal sphincter was increased with age(p<0.05). The thickness of mucosa-submucosa, internal anal sphincter measured.
Anal Canal* ; Female ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Reference Values ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Nucleolus Organizer Region*

Chyloperitoneum, also called chylous ascites, is a rarely reported complication of abdominal surgery. In most cases, the diagnosis and treatment is not difficult. The characteristic milky colored odorless fluid is easily detected by drainage or aspiration. With the help of diagnostic radiology and laboratory tests, it has become easier to detect the chyloperitoneum. Chyloperitoneum subsides spontaneously or responds well to medical treatment. Death from chyloperitoneum is extremely rare. However, 3 cases of medically intractable chyloperitoneum were encountered at our hospital after curative surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies (two colorectal cancers and one gastric cancer). Herein, the authors report these case and discuss their treatments.
Chylous Ascites* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Drainage

OBJECTIVES: Since the 1990s, drug-resistant bacteria have become common pathogens of hospital-acquired infections. In recent years, healthcare-associated infections have come to the fore, and it is reported that distribution rates of these bacteria are comparable to those of hospital-acquired infections. However, there have been few studies on differences in resistant bacteria depending on the size of hospitals. Thus, the authors studied differences in drug-resistant bacteria between a tertiary hospital and smaller medical institutions. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical findings and sputum culture results of patients transferred from tertiary hospitals (group A, n=74) and those transferred from smaller medical institutions (group B, n=65). RESULTS: The number of patients with malignancy was higher in group A than in group B. The length of intensive care unit stay was longer in group A than in group B. Antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation were more frequently used in group A than in group B. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their resistance rates to carbapenem, while there were significant differences between the 2 groups in the bacterial species (Acinetobacter baumannii) and its resistance rate to carbapenem. CONCLUSION: In this study, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in the bacterial species and resistance rates to carbapenem for A. baumannii infection unlike other bacterial infections. Further studies on risk factors and patient classification are needed to confirm our results.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial* ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tertiary Care Centers*

Infants with Sandhoff disease typically appear normal until 3–6 months of age. As the disease progresses, they present with symptoms such as loss of motor skills, exaggerated startle response to loud noise, seizures, visual loss, and paralysis. We encountered a rare case of a 22-month-old girl with Sandhoff disease characterized by progressive motor weakness and dysphagia, who initially showed signs of aspiration at 20 months of age. The major problems related to dysphagia were oromotor dysfunction and abnormal feeding posture. Within 3 months of identification of difficulty in swallowing, the patient showed a significant decrease in food intake, with rapid deterioration of nutritional status. We report our case with a review of the literature.
Deglutition Disorders ; Deglutition* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Motor Skills ; Noise ; Nutritional Status ; Paralysis ; Posture ; Reflex, Startle ; Sandhoff Disease* ; Seizures

PURPOSE AND METHODS: Colorectal carcinogenesis is a process with multiple steps involving proto- oncogenes, tumor suppressive genes, and mutator genes. Losses of heterozygosity (LOH) on APC, DCC, and TP53 loci are well known chromosomal changes for the inactivation of tumor suppressive genes. Additionally, LOH in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) are frequently found at other loci, including 1p, 8p, 11q, 14q, and 22q. LOH on 14q are quite frequent in bladder, ovarian, renal-cell carcinomas, as well as other types of carcinomas. Previous studies on CRC showed overall rate of LOH on chromosome 14q to be high, the smallest region of overlap of deletion was located at the distal portion of 14q, and a higher rate of LOH was found in more advanced tumors. To investigate whether LOH on chromosome 14q is confined to the distal part or whether it is related with prognosis, we performed an LOH study with 6 microsatellite markers covering the entire arm of 14q in 77 sporadic colorectal cancers and compared it with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Thirty-six (36) tumors (46.7%) showed LOH at one or more markers, and the highest rate was observed in D14S48 (43.5%) and the lowest in D14S297 (30.6%). No statistical differences were seen at different loci of 14q. We observed LOH in 17 less- advanced tumors (Dukes' A & B) and in 19 advanced tumors (Dukes' C & D). There is little evidence that LOH of 14q is related to tumor recurrence, the disease-free survival rate, or the overall survival. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the entire long arm of chromosome 14 may delete in sporadic colorectal cancers but this loss may not be related to tumor stage and prognosis. We provide evidence that one or more tumor suppressive loci on chromosome 14q may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
Arm ; Carcinogenesis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE AND METHODS: Colorectal carcinogenesis is a process with multiple steps involving proto- oncogenes, tumor suppressive genes, and mutator genes. Losses of heterozygosity (LOH) on APC, DCC, and TP53 loci are well known chromosomal changes for the inactivation of tumor suppressive genes. Additionally, LOH in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) are frequently found at other loci, including 1p, 8p, 11q, 14q, and 22q. LOH on 14q are quite frequent in bladder, ovarian, renal-cell carcinomas, as well as other types of carcinomas. Previous studies on CRC showed overall rate of LOH on chromosome 14q to be high, the smallest region of overlap of deletion was located at the distal portion of 14q, and a higher rate of LOH was found in more advanced tumors. To investigate whether LOH on chromosome 14q is confined to the distal part or whether it is related with prognosis, we performed an LOH study with 6 microsatellite markers covering the entire arm of 14q in 77 sporadic colorectal cancers and compared it with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Thirty-six (36) tumors (46.7%) showed LOH at one or more markers, and the highest rate was observed in D14S48 (43.5%) and the lowest in D14S297 (30.6%). No statistical differences were seen at different loci of 14q. We observed LOH in 17 less- advanced tumors (Dukes' A & B) and in 19 advanced tumors (Dukes' C & D). There is little evidence that LOH of 14q is related to tumor recurrence, the disease-free survival rate, or the overall survival. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the entire long arm of chromosome 14 may delete in sporadic colorectal cancers but this loss may not be related to tumor stage and prognosis. We provide evidence that one or more tumor suppressive loci on chromosome 14q may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
Arm ; Carcinogenesis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Various techniques of hepatocyte transplantation were actively studied as an alternative to liver transplantation, because of the difficulty of obtaining donor organ, technical difficulties, and high cost. Isolated hepatocytes could be appropriately banked and distributed on demand. We tried to investigate the effect of intrasplenic transplantation of allogenic cryopreserved hepatocytes, into spleen prior to 90% partial hepatectomy in rats, on the survival rate. METHODS: Cryopreserved hepatocytes, isolated by collagenase perfusion of the liver via the portal vein, were thawed and transplanted into the spleen of rats prior to induction of acute hepatic failure by resection of all lobes except caudate lobe (2.0x107 hepatocytes/rat). RESULTS: 1. The viability of freshly isolated hepatocyte was 70-5%, but cell viability after cryopreservation 30-0%. 2. Difference of survival in control and transplant group is not statistically significant. but the survival rate, 48 hours after 90% partial hepatectomy, for control (7) and transplanted group (11) were 0% and 18%, respectively. 3. Although the glucose reduction gradient was not significantly different between two groups, it was more prominent in the control group than in the transplanted group. 4. Engraftment and survival of transplanted hepatocytes were noted in the spleen 2 days after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We could not observe statistically significant improvement of survival with intrasplenic transplantation of cryopreserved hepatocytes in rats with 90% partial hepatectomy-nduced acute liver failure. However, 18% survival after 90% partial hepatectomy was noted in the transplanted group, compared to no survival in the control group. This suggests that intrasplenic transplantation of cryopreserved hepatocytes might be effective in the treatment of acute liver failure.
Animals ; Cell Survival ; Collagenases ; Cryopreservation ; Glucose ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Transplantation ; Perfusion ; Portal Vein ; Rats* ; Spleen ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of dual growing rod treatment over a follow-up period of at least 2 years in patients with progressive pediatric spinal deformity. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The dual growing rod treatment is safe and effective in curve correction and maintenance in patients with progressive pediatric spinal deformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2009 to 2017, 14 patients who underwent dual growing rod treatment were followed up for more than 2 years. We analyzed their demographic and radiologic data, including age at surgery, sex, diagnosis, instrumented levels, number of total operations, number of lengthening procedures, interval of lengthening, Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, T1-S1 length, and complications. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 11.0±2.9 years old. There were 10 male and 4 female patients, including 8 cases of neuromuscular scoliosis, 3 cases of idiopathic scoliosis, 2 cases of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and 1 case of congenital scoliosis. The mean follow-up period was 42.4±14.0 months. The total number of operations was 6.6±2.6. The average number of lengthening procedures was 4.3±2.3 at an interval of 6.9±2.1 months. The Cobb angle improved from 60.4°±27.9° to 33.5°±19.7° after the initial treatment and 29.1°±16.4° after the last follow-up or final fusion. The T1-S1 length increased from 328.2±57.5 mm to 388.0±64.9 mm after the initial treatment and 424.9±64.4 mm after the last follow-up or final spinal fusion. The average growth rate was 11.5 mm/year. Six patients experienced 11 complications, of which 4 were Implant-related, and 7 were Infections. CONCLUSIONS: The dual growing rod technique is an effective and relatively safe treatment in patients with progressive pediatric spinal deformity.
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Male ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Fusion