No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritonitis*

The calcar femorale is a specific anatomic entity which is often confused with the medial trabecular system or posteromedial cortex of the neck of the femur. The clinical significance of its architecture is evident when one considers the great number of operative procerdures performed in the upper end of the femur. This study deals with 45 cases of the Korean Dry femur(male: 27, female: 12, useless: 6) and two pairs of the femur from the cadavers. The authors observed the three dimensional structure of the calcar femorale and studied the relation between anteversion and calcar femorale. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The calcar femorale was a vertical plate of the thickened bone that lay deep to the lesser trochanter. The length in the vertical axis of the calcar femorale was 44.82±3.59mm. The calcar femorale was thickest medially where it joins the medial trabecular system of the femoral neck (maximal thickness: 2.65±0.65, width: 8.90±1.82mm). 2. The calcar femorale lay in one plane, which inclined 30.02±7.80 degree to the discondylar axis of the femur. By using this inclination of the calcar plane, it could be best visualized with about 60° external rotation of femur in a simple X-ray. 3. The angle between the calcar plane and the diacondylar axis was proportionate to the anteversion of the femoral neck. Correlation coefficient(r=0.80) was calculated. The regression line of y (anteversion) on x(calcar angle) was y=0.75X−8.53(slope). With this proportion, the angle of the femoral anteversion could be determined. 4. Microscopic features of the calcar femorale was revealed in the scanning electron microscopic studies. The medial side of the calcar was a cortical extension and it became thinner posterolaterally and than it was composed of fused or thickened trabeculae.
Cadaver ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Humans ; Neck

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown that administration of antibiotics decreased sleep amount as well as bacterial colony numbers in rats. It is well known that antidepressants decrease rapid eye movement(REM) sleep and increase slow wave sleep(SWS) in both human and animal studies. However, little is known to date about the effects of antidepressant on antibiotic induced insomnia in rats. Therefore the authors studied the effects of amitriptyline on chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rats. METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into control(N=6) and experimental group (N=5). The sleep-wake activity was recorded continuously for consecutive three days(baseline, day 1 and day 2). On day 1 both groups were intraperitoneally injected with chloramphenicol 150mg/kg. On day 2 the control group was intraperitoneally injected with chloramphenicol 150mg/kg only, whereas experimental group was injected with amitriptyline 12mg/kg and chloramphenicol 150mg/kg. RESULTS: 1) Chloramphenicol administration decreased dark period SWS and total REM sleep. 2) Amitriptyline administration increased total SWS and dark period SWS as well as decreased total wakefulness and dark period wakefulness. There was a decrease of REM sleep in the first 3 hours of light period, whereas a tendency of increase of REM sleep around the end of dark period. CONCLUSION: From the above results, it is concluded that amitriptyline may be effective to reverse chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rats. Furthermore, chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rat could be a useful model for insomnia studies in the future.
Amitriptyline* ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Chloramphenicol* ; Humans ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* ; Sleep, REM ; Wakefulness

PURPOSE: Fibrous dysplasia is related to the mutation of gene encoding the alpha-subunit of a signal-transducing G-protein and has variable clinical course. Operation can be performed to prevent functional disorder or structural deformity. After curettage, autologous bone graft were used to fill the defects after curettage. The aim of this study is to compare the result of autogenous cancellous bone grafting and allogenic bone grafting for fibrous dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the patients who visit our hospital during the period of April, 1997 to October, 2013, we selected 34 patients who diagnosed fibrous dysplasia and visited our clinic over 1 year. There were 13 males and 21 females. Average age was 26.4 (range 2 to 57) years old. Autogenous bone graft (group I) in 5 cases, Non-autogenous bone graft (group II) in 30 cases. Iliac bone is used in all cases of autogenous bone graft. There were no significant difference in age, follow-up period, preoperational laboratory finding between two groups. Radiographic image was done to evaluate the recurrence of fibrous dysplasia or secondary degeneration. RESULTS: There were four cases in recurrence (group I: 1 case, group II: 3 cases, p=0.554). In all recurrent cases, reoperations were done using curettage and autogenous iliac bone graft. There was no re-recurrence after reoperation. One case of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst was confirmed (group II) and 1 cases of pathologic fractures had developed (group I: 0 case, group II: 1 cases, p=0.559). No malignant change occurred. CONCLUSION: There were no significant difference between autogenous bone graft group and non-autogenous bone graft group. Our result suggested that autogenous bone graft seems to be good method to treat fibrous dysplasia, in the case of small volume of tumor lesion or non-weight bearing portion.
Aneurysm ; Bone Cysts ; Bone Transplantation* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Transplants

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-interferon (IFN) on liver histology as well as on activation of hepatic stellate cell ( HSC) and trans for ming growth fact or beta-1 (TGF beta-1) expression. We had also investigated the clinical usefulness of TGFbeta-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in liver tissue for predicting a response to alpha-IFN therapy in chronic hepat it is B. METHODS: We studied the expression of TGFbeta-1 and alpha-SMA in liver biopsys pecimens from 51 chronic hepatitis B pat ients. Using immunohistochemical staining and a semiquant it ative scoring met hod, we also evaluated TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA expression in liver stellate cells before and after alpha-IFN therapy in liver tissue from rebiopsys pecimen of the 12 chronic hepatitis B pat ients. Recombinant IFN alpha-2b (Intron A) in doses of 6 MU/ d was given to patients intramus cularly three times per week for 6 months (total doses , 432 MU). The patients were divided into two groups according to serum alanine aminotransferase levels as well as HBV- DNA and HBeAg s eroconversion stat e. Histological grading and staging scores were according to modified Histological Activity Index (HAI) grading systems of Ishak (1995). RESULTS: The index of portal inflammation and total scores of HAI grading significantly decreased in biopsies after alpha-IFN treatment, but the scores of fibrosis staging showed no significant change in biopsies after IFN treatment. A significant decrease in alpha-SMA expression, especially in periportal area, was found, but the change of TGFbeta-1 expression was not significant. The immunoreactivity of alpha-SMA was significantly lower in responders than in non-responders, whereas the diffference of immunoreactivity of TGF-beta1 between these two groups was not found. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that alpha-IFN therapy may reduce the necroinflammatory activity in liver tissues of chronic B viral hepatitis and that the degree of alpha-SMA expression before treatment may be employed as a pottent predicting indicator for the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha.
Actins ; Alanine Transaminase ; Biopsy ; DNA ; Fibrosis ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interferon-alpha ; Interferons* ; Liver* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1*

PURPOSE: We studied to know the effect of early feeding on the course and the recovery of acute diarrheal disease. METHODS: The study was conducted on 76 patients who admitted to the Soonchunhyang university hospital for acute diarrhea. We divided 76 patients into 3 dietary groups (whole milk group (WMG): 35, diluted milk group (DMG): 29, breast milk group (BMG): 12). We compared three groups by numbers of diarrhea, numbers of vomiting, calory intake, weight increments, and duration of diarrhea. RESULTS: 1) The mean age was 16.45+/-18.20, 11.53+/-9.80, 5.38+/-5.01 months for WMG, DMG, and BMG, respectively. The mean weight was 9 kg and the mean duration of diarrhea was 2.29 days. 2) The numbers of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three groups. 3) The calory intake during admission was significantly low in DMG. 4) The weight increments during admission was significantly low in DMG. 5) The duration of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three gourps. CONCLUSION: Early refeeding with whole milk or breast milk did not prolong or worsen the course or symptoms of diarrhea compared with gradual reintroduction with diluted milk. But there were advantages of improved nutrition and weight increments. Futher study is necessary to demonstrate the effect of diet according to the causative organisms.
Diarrhea ; Diet Therapy* ; Diet* ; Humans ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Vomiting

Prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE) is not infrequent and one of the serious complications of cardiac valve replacement despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, diagnostic techniquens and surgical procedures. Although the incidence of PVE may be declining, the absolute number of cases of this infection is increasing. In patients with a prosthetic valve, fever, a regurgitant heart murmur, peripheral manifestations of infective endocarditis and postitive blood cultures, the diagnosis of PVE is evident. We have reviewed our experience with 13 patients with PVE from October 1976 through August 1983. During this period valve replacements were performed in 686 patients, with an infection rate of 1.9%. PVE currently accounts for approximately 14% of the total number of cases of infective endocarditis seen at Seoul national University Hospital. PVE occurred more often after multiple valve replacement than after replacement of single valve alone. Blood cultures were positive in 69% cases of PVE. Systemic emboli could be seen in 54% of patients with PVE and overall mortality was about 23%.
Diagnosis ; Endocarditis* ; Fever ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Valves ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Seoul

Erythema elevatum diutinum(EED) is a rare chronic skin disease characterized by red, purple, and yellowish papules, plaques, and nodules that are usually distributed acrally and symmetrically over extensor surface. It is characterized histologically by a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Although no treatment has shown a complete response, dapsone is reported to be effective to EED. We report a rare severe case of EED with good response to dapsone treatment.
Dapsone ; Erythema* ; Skin Diseases ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction, academic stress and anxiety of university students are increasing gradually; however, few studies have investigated these factors in medical school students. Therefore, this study investigated associations between smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects in medical school students. METHODS: A total of 231 Yeungnam University College of Medicine students were enrolled in this study in March 2017. Gender, school grade, type of residence, and smartphone usage patterns of the students were surveyed. The Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and each Korean version scale were used to assess sociopsychological aspects such as loneliness, stress and anxiety. RESULTS: There was a direct statistical correlation between loneliness, stress of negative perception, anxiety and smartphone addiction scales. There was also a negative statistical correlation between stress of positive perception and smartphone addiction scales. There was a higher level of anxiety among female students than male students. Additionally, there was a higher level of stress associated with negative perception and anxiety among medical students in the first grade than other students. Moreover there was a higher level of loneliness, stress of negative perception and anxiety among students who live with friends than students who live with their own family. CONCLUSION: Smartphone addiction scale and sociopsychological aspects significantly correlated. Moreover, the results suggest that female medical students in the first grade who have been separated from their family need more attention and management of loneliness, stress and anxiety to avoid smartphone addiction.
Anxiety ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Male ; Schools, Medical* ; Smartphone* ; Students, Medical ; Weights and Measures

Malignant eccrine spiradenoma is an exceedingly rare neoplasm. To date about 30 cases have been reported in the literature and there have been 2 reports in Korea. Herein we report a case of malignant eccrine spiradenoma in a 56-year-old female, who had 25-year history of solitary mass on the abdomen. Histologically, the mass consisted of benign eccrine spiradenomas adjacent to carcinomatous area showing nuclear pleomorphism and marked mitotic activity.
Abdomen ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged