PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the depression and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: 243 aged over 65 in Won-Ju in South Korea participated in this study. Data were collected from April to June 2013 through interviews. This study utilized the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, the Korean version of MMSE-DS (MMSE for Dementia Screening), and infirmity testing for basic health status. Descriptive statistics, χ2, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: 75.3% of the participants belonged to the depression group, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 17.3%. There were significant differences in depression and cognitive function according to gender, educational level, type of insurance, subjective health, frailty, and whether to be a client of home care service. The level of depression was significantly higher and the level of cognitive functions was significantly lower in older adults in home care services than in community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSION: This study is meaningful in that it included older adults in home care services to provide information to develop effective prevention programs for improving cognitive functions. The results of this study can be used to develop future community prevention and intervention.
Aged* ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Gangwon-do ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: The Korean Marine Corps enlistees endure tremendous physical and mental stress during basic military training, resulting in an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of the musculoskeletal injury problems and the risk factors associated with injuries among the Marine Corps recruits and to suggest preventive measures. METHODS: The study subjects were the Marine Corps recruits (n=8,231) who were enlisted from July, 2008 to March, 2009 for basic military training. We used a prospective cohort design and collected basic demographic information and subject musculoskeletal injury risk factors through a questionnaire on the first day basic training. The subjects were followed for the subsequent 6-week military training period. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was 13.4% during the 6-week training period, and more than half of the injuries involved the lower limbs at or below the level of the knee. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were related to an elevated risk for injuries: age, height, educational level, subjective health perception, injury history during the past year, and stress scale after entrance. CONCLUSION: Based on our study results, the application of injury prevention measures such as stress management program and gradual fitness increasing program to the Marine Corps recruit training would contribute to the reduction of musculoskeletal injuries.
Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Logistic Models ; Lower Extremity ; Military Personnel ; Musculoskeletal System ; Prospective Studies ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Skin-homing T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) are known to be important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). So far, there have been few reports on the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations expressing CLA, especially in children with AD. METHODS: We investigated the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations expressing CLA in children with severe AD andcontrol subjects to identify which proportions of circulating CLA+ T cells were expanded in atopic dermatitis. We assayed the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation with flow cytometry in 15 children with severe chronic lichenified skin lesions and 12 control subjects who had no symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The expressions of peripheral blood CD4+CLA+ T cells and CD3+CLA+ T cells were significantly increased in children with AD compared with those in control subjects, whereas there was no significant difference of CD8+CLA+ T cells between the two groups. RESULTS: The expressions of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells showed no significant differences between children with AD and control subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that circulating CD4+CLA+ T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic severe AD in children.
Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the changing patterns of knowledge related to disease, medication adherence, and self-management and to determine if outcomes were more favorable in the experimental group than in the comparison group through 6 months after providing a web-based self-management intervention. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used and 65 patients with gout, 34 in experimental group and 31 in comparison group, were selected from the rheumatic clinics of two university hospitals. Data were collected four times, at baseline, at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS: According to the study results, the changing patterns of knowledge and self-management were more positive in the experimental group than in the control group, whereas difference in the changing pattern of medication adherence between two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the web-based self-management program has significant effect on improving knowledge and self-management for middle aged male patients with gout. However, in order to enhance medication adherence, the web-based intervention might not be sufficient and other strategies need to be added.
Adult ; Gout/*prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; *Internet ; Male ; *Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; *Program Evaluation ; *Self Care ; User-Computer Interface

No abstract available.

Meconium peritonitis is a non-bacterial foreign body and chemical peritonitis caused by meconium contamination resulting from bowel perforation during late intrauterine or early neonatal periods. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of the meconium peritonitis provides the preparation for proper management and decreasing motality and morbidity of the neonate. We have experienced a case of meconium peritonitis diagnosed by ultrasonography at 34+4 gestational weeks and presented this case with a brief review of the literatures.
Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium* ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

Background: This study investigated a safe and effective bolus dose and lockout time for patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with dexmedetomidine for dental treatments. The depth of sedation, vital signs, and patient satisfaction were investigated to demonstrate safety. Methods: Thirty patients requiring dental scaling were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups based on bolus doses and lockout times: group 1 (low dose group, bolus dose 0.05 µg/kg, 1-minute lockout time), group 2 (middle dose group, 0.1 µg/kg, 1-minute), and group 3 (high dose group, 0.2 µg/kg, 3-minute) (n = 10 each). ECG, pulse, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, end-tidal CO2 , respiratory rate, and bispectral index scores (BIS) were measured and recorded. The study was conducted in two stages: the first involved sedation without dental treatment and the second included sedation with dental scaling. Patients were instructed to press the drug demand button every 10 s, and the process of falling asleep and waking up was repeated 1-5 times.In the second stage, during dental scaling, patients were instructed to press the drug demand button. Loss of responsiveness (LOR) was defined as failure to respond to auditory stimuli six times, determining sleep onset. Patient and dentist satisfaction were assessed before and after experimentation. Results: Thirty patients (22 males) participated in the study. Scaling was performed in 29 patients after excluding one who experienced dizziness during the first stage. The average number of drug administrations until first LOR was significantly lower in group 3 (2.8 times) than groups 1 and 2 (8.0 and 6.5 times, respectively). The time taken to reach the LOR showed no difference between groups. During the second stage, the average time required to reach the LOR during scaling was 583.4 seconds. The effect site concentrations (Ce) was significantly lower in group 1 than groups 2 and 3. In the participant survey on PCS, 8/10 in group 3 reported partial memory loss, whereas 17/20 in groups 1 and 2 recalled the procedure fully or partially. Conclusion PCS with dexmedetomidine can provide a rapid onset of sedation, safe vital sign management, and minimal side effects, thus facilitating smooth dental sedation.

BACKGROUND: Silent brain infarction (SBI) are common in elderly people and are associated with an increased risk of clinically apparent stroke. Hyperhomocysteinemia is also an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. This study was undertaken to determine whether hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with SBI, and also to find prevention against SBI through correlation among homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12. METHODS: We enrolled 103 SBI patients and 107 healthy individuals and checked their fasting plasma homocysteine levels and analyzed the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. RESULTS: The plasma homocysteine levels in subjects with SBI (12.91 +/- 5.84 micromoll/L) were significantly higher than those in subjects without SBI (10.21+/-3.92 micromol/L; p < 0.0001). When plasma homocysteine levels were stratified into high (> or =13.3 micromol/L), moderate (10.0 to 13.2 micromol/L), and low (< or =9.9 micromol/L) groups, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for SBI was significantly greater in subjects with high group compared with in subjects with low group (AOR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.69 to 7.58: p = 0.0009). When we combined each MTHFR genotype with SBI patients and controls, the plasma homocysteine concentrations showed a significant inverse correlation with folate only in SBI patient with MTHFR 677 TT genotype (correlation coefficient: -0.495; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for SBI. Our findings show that reducing plasma hommocysteine level by folate intake may prevent SBI in patients with homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene.
Aged ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Fasting ; Folic Acid* ; Genotype* ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Odds Ratio ; Plasma ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke ; Vitamin B 12

The combined array comparative genomic hybridization plus single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (CGH+SNP microarray) platform can simultaneously detect copy number alterations (CNA) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Eighteen children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=15) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n=3) were studied using CGH+SNP microarray to evaluate the clinical significance of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations. CGH+SNP microarray revealed CNAs at 14 regions in 9 patients, while metaphase cytogenetic (MC) analysis detected CNAs in 11 regions in 8 patients. Using CGH+SNP microarray, LOHs>10 Mb involving terminal regions or the whole chromosome were detected in 3 of 18 patients (17%). CGH+SNP microarray revealed cryptic LOHs with or without CNAs in 3 of 5 patients with normal karyotypes. CGH+SNP microarray detected additional cryptic CNAs (n=2) and LOHs (n=5) in 6 of 13 patients with abnormal MC. In total, 9 patients demonstrated additional aberrations, including CNAs (n=3) and/or LOHs (n=8). Three of 15 patients with AML and terminal LOH>10 Mb demonstrated a significantly inferior relapse-free survival rate (P=0.041). This study demonstrates that CGH+SNP microarray can simultaneously detect previously cryptic CNAs and LOH, which may demonstrate prognostic implications.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; DNA/*analysis/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Infant ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*diagnosis/*genetics/therapy ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/*diagnosis/*genetics/therapy ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transplantation, Homologous

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the management of choledocholithiasis, T-tube drainage was the most common treatment modality after common bile duct (CBD) exploration. However, the T-tube drainage has several problems and risk of complications such as abdominal discomfort, long duration of drainage, or bile leakage. We evaluated the effectiveness of primary closure of CBD after choledochotomy and the possibility of substitution for T-tube drainage. METHODS: Seventy six patients with choledocholithiasis who had undergone CBD exploration were enrolled in this study from January 1999 to March 2001. 20 patients among them had undergone primary closure of CBD with preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in situ after exploration (primary closure group), 56 patients had undergone T-tube drainage (T-tube group). We compared the clinical characteristics and outcome between two groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in postoperative complication (19.6% vs. 20%), the mean amount of biliary drainage (326 ml/day vs. 320 ml/day) and the duration of hospitalization (11.6 day vs. 9.2 days) between the both groups. The duration of biliary drainage was significantly longer in the T-tube group (45.3 days) than in the primary closure group (9.2 days; p<0.01). The rate of remnant stone was higher in the T-tube group (32.1%) than the primary closure group (20%), there was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The primary closure of CBD with the preoperative biliary drainage was relatively safe and resulted in no difference of clinical outcome. Furthermore, this method induced going back early to normal life. These result suggest that the primary closure of CBD may be a feasible technique after choledochotomy when the patients are selected by specialized indications.
Bile ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct* ; Drainage* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications