This study was undertaken to investigate to compare the ratio of positive reactions to benzoic acid(BA), sorbic acid(SA) and cinnamic acid(CA) which are well known materials producing non-immunologic contact urticaria. Various concentrations(0.l% to 5%) and different vehicles(petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base) were used in open and 20 minutes closed test using Finn chamber on Scanpor tape. One hundred total subjects were consisted of nonallergic patients and normal persons. The results were as follows ; 1. Total numbers of positive reactions were 69 in closed test(CT) and 60 in open test(OT), regardless of the materials and vehicles. 2. Total riumbers of positive reactions in BA, SA and CA were 68, 31, 35 in CT and 59, 20, 14 in OT respectably. 3. CT showed much more positive reactions than OT with all materials tested except 0.l% SA in water. 4. Hydrophilic ointment base showed a better reactivity than any other vehicles in CT. But in OT, petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base showed better reactivity in BA, SA, CA respectably. 5. Almost all the reactions appeared within 45 minutes and disappeared within 3 hours. Erythema preceded edema and persisted 30 minutes to 1 hour after dissappearance of edema. 6 Itching, burning and tingling sensation were the only symptoms observed except. localized erythema and edema.
Benzoic Acid ; Burns ; Edema ; Erythema ; Humans ; Petrolatum ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Sorbic Acid ; Urticaria* ; Water

We report a case of Becker's nevus associated with smooth muscle hamartoma, in a 21-year-old male patient, which shows clinically match-head sized, flat topped, round to oval, grouped papules with hairs on the outer surface of the right arm, and microscopically reveals numerous bundles of smooth muscle fiber in the dermis.
Arm ; Dermis ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Nevus* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation between the carcinogenesis of gallbladder and the expression of lysozyme, p53, c-erbB2 and CEA in gallbladder lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of gallbladder lesions (containing 17 cases of GB carcinoma) were examined. We analyzed the clinicopathologic findings of the early (stage I & II) and advanced carcinoma (stage III, IV & V) and those of carcinoma with or without metaplasia in the tumor. We performed p53, c-erbB2 and CEA immunohistochemical staining and compared their findings with those of normal mucosa and preneoplastic lesions. We also performed lysozyme immunohistochemical staining and compared its finding with metaplastic and non-metaplastic lesions. RESULTS: There are two distinct genetic pathways in gallbladder cacinogenesis and metaplastic carcinoma was more frequent than non-metaplastic carcinoma. Metaplasia of gallbladder did not reveal any difference of the clinicopathologic findings and depth of invasion (Nevin stage). Lysozyme expression was found in all metaplastic lesions but non-expression did not indicate non-metaplastic lesions. p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively. The correlation of p53 and c-erbB2 expressions was found but which did not indicate that the co-expression was needed in the carcinogenesis. CEA immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions and precancerous and cancerous lesions of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively.
Carcinogenesis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder* ; Metaplasia* ; Mucous Membrane ; Muramidase

PURPOSE: Anterior vaginal wall sling operation (by Raz`s method )for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence(SUI) associated with intrinsic sphincter dysfunction(ISD) may produce postoperative suprapubic discomfort and suture related problem such as pull-through and loosening. Stabilization of the bladder neck to the pubic bone decreases the tension placed on the anterior rectus fascia and lessens the possibility of suture-related pain and the risk of entrapment of ilioinguinal neve branches. At present, bone anchoring system is available in Korea but its cost sometimes limit the use of the kit. Therfore, we developed self-made titanium screw which is anchored to pubic bone at the time of anterior vaginal wall sling operation and acquired good short-term results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 16 women who had SUI with ISD were treated by in-situ anterior vaginal wall sling using self-made titanium screw anchored to pubic bone to support the bladder neck and midurethra. Postoperative results were analyzed for 16 patients who has been followed up for more than 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Overall cure rate was 100% at 3 months of follow-up. Complication included anemia in 2 patients, mild dysuria in 2 patients and osteitis pubis in 1 patient. After resting and antibiotic therapy, complications were subsided. CONCLUSIONS: In short term follow-up, anterior vaginal wall sling using self-made titanium screw was shown to be very effective treatment of SUI with ISD with simple technique and had relatively low cost, low complication rates. Long-term followup will be necessary to define the efficacy of this method.
Anemia ; Dysuria ; Fascia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Osteitis ; Pubic Bone ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures ; Titanium* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate of newborn babies sex ratio in Seoul Seong Ae hospital and review of future problem. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the 21,332 cases of deliveries in women visiting at Seoul Seong Ae hospital from Jannuary 1994 to December 2003 (10 year's period). We investigated 1st baby and 2nd baby sex ratio and in case of 3rd baby, subdividing then into tree groups (first and second are female, first and second are male, first and second are male and female). We arranged the data at the base of childbirth registers and patients' obligation records. RESULTS: The results were as follows, 1. The total sex ratio in last 10 years was 111.2:100 (male:female). 2. 1st baby sex ratio was 109.2:100. 3. 2nd baby sex ratio was 110.6:100. 4. 3rd baby sex ratio was 133:100. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that unbalance of sex ratio in 3rd baby is extremely serious trend in this country and is expected a tremendous social problems in early 21th century.
Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul* ; Sex Ratio* ; Social Problems

The first phase of this study was limited to the relation of the retinal arteries to the quadrants of the optic disk. After examination of hundreds of normal eyegrounds, it became apparent that there are several definite and easily recognizable variations in the distribution of the vessels as they emerge from the optic nerve head. The classification is made by dividing the surface of the nerve head into four quadrants, i.e., the upper and lower nasal and the upper and lower temporal. Since there are four main branches of the retinal artery, namely, the superior and inferior temporal and the superior and inferior nasal, there are nine possible variations in the distribution of these vessels over the surface of the optic nerve head.
Classification* ; Head ; Optic Disk* ; Retinal Artery*

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stomach cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Korea. The early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are very important because the prognosis of early gastric cancer is excellent. Gastric screening may provide an opportunity to detect asymptomatic early gastric cancer. We analyzed the characteristics of gastric cancer diagnosed with a health screening test to evaluate the usefulness of a screening program for gastric cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 111 gastric cancer patients diagnosed using gastric endoscopy as a gastric screening test at the Health Promotion Center of Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 1997 through December 2005. RESULTS: The incidence of gastric cancer was 0.38% and the mean patient age was 58.5 years old. The proportion of early gastric cancer was 73% of all gastric cancer. In 55 cases, constituting 49.6% of all gastric cancer and 68% of early gastric cancer, the lesions were confined to the mucosa. The most common macroscopic types were type IIc in early gastric cancer and Borrmann type 3 in advanced gastric cancer. There were significant positive correlations between lymph node metastasis and both the depth of tumor invasion and size of the lesion. The 5-year survival rates are 82.7% in total gastric cancer and 97.2% in early gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric cancer detected during health screening has a favorable prognosis because gastric cancer confined to the mucosa predominates and early gastric cancer detected at screening has a lower incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mass Screening ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

The purpose of this study is to investigate which current densities and etching times will result in an optimal etching depth and surface roughness when an Ni-Cr-Be alloy is etched with 30% perchloric acid(HClO4 ). For this study,observations were made by means of an optical three-dimen-sional surface roughness measuring machine and a scanning electron microscope. The etchings took place under the following conditions using current densities of 300mA/cm2, 450mA/cm2, 600mA/cm2 and 750mA/cm2, and using etching time of three, five, six, seven and nine minutes. Under the conditions, the experiments reached the following conclusions. 1. When the current density is above 450mA/cm2 and the etching time is longer than five min-utes, the etching depth increased as the current density and etching time increased. And the surface roughness was significantly influenced by the interaction of the current density and etching time. 2. Under the etching conditions of 600mA/cm2 and five minutes, the optimal etching depth for a resin cement space and the highest surface roughness for mechanical retention were obtained. The etching depth and surface roughness were 32.86 micrometer and 7.90 micrometer, respectively. 3. Observations under the scanning electron microscope showed that both the corrosion at the grain boundary and the corrosion within the grain occurred on the etched surface. It was also observed that the corrosion at the grain boundary became more severe as the current density and etching time increased. In addition, at higher current densities and longer etching times, general corrosion appeared.
Alloys* ; Edible Grain ; Corrosion ; Resin Cements