Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is histologically characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism of lipid-laden neoplastic astrocytes and bizarre giant cells showing mitotic figures and high cellularity. Inspite of its ominous-looking microscopic features, howerver, the prognosis is usually favorable. This tumor develops mainly in the supratentorial area of young people and frequently involves the leptomeninges. We experienced a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in 18 year-old-male. In addition to the cellular pleomophism, the prominent reticulin fibers surround the individual tumor cells or the tumor cells nests. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression and pericytoplasmic basal lamina in the tumor cells.

Human Papillomaviruses(HPVs) are regarded as sexually transmitable and closely associated with precancerous lesions or invasive cancers of the vulva, vagina, and cer V1X. In situ hybridization, besides showing higher sensitivity, allowed the identification of specific viral types. We studied 12 cases of condylomata accuminata for HPV typing by in situ hybridization techenique. Ten cases(83.3 % ) showed positive for HPV type 6/11, and 2 cases(16.7% ) were positive for HPV type 16/18.
DNA Probes* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Vagina ; Vulva

PURPOSE: Purpose of this study is to synthesize 99mTc-labeled transferrin for infection imaging and to compare it with 67Ga-citrate for the detection of infectious foci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Succinimidyl 6-hydrazino-nicotinate hydrochloride-chitosan-transferrin (Transferrin) was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc. Labeling efficiencies of 99mTc-Transferrin were determined at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr and 8 hr. Biodistribution and imaging studies with 99mTc-Transferrin and 67Ga-citrate were performed in a rat abscess model induced with approximately 2 x 10(8) colony forming unit of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. RESULTS: Successful synthesis of Transferrin was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Labeling efficiency of 99mTc-Transferrin was 96.2+/-0.7%, 96.4+/-0.5%, 96.6+/-1.0%, 96.9+/-0.5%, 97.0+/-0.7% and 95.5+/-0.7% at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr and 8 hr, respectively. The injected dose per tissue gram of 99mTc-Transferrin was 0.18+/-0.01 and 0.18+/-0.01 in the lesion and 0.05+/-0.01 and 0.04+/-0.01 in the normal muscle, and lesion-to-normal muscle uptake ratio was 3.7+/-0.6 and 4.7+/-0.4 at 30 min and 3 hr, respectively. On image, lesion-to-background ratio of 99mTc-Transferrin was 2.18+/-0.03, 2.56+/-0.11, 3.08+/-0.18, 3.77+/-0.17, 4.70+/-0.45 and 5.59+/-0.40 at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr and 10 hr and those of 67Ga-citrate was 3.06+/-0.84, 4.12+/-0.54 and 4.55+/-0.74 at 2 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. CONCLUSION: Transferrin is successfully labeled with 99mTc, and its labeling efficiency was higher than 95% and stable for 8 hours. 99mTc-Transferrin scintigraphy showed higher image quality in shorter time compared to 67Ga-citrate image. 99mTc-transferrin is supposed to be useful in the detection of the infectious foci.
Abscess ; Animals ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Animal ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Rats ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Stem Cells ; Transferrin

OBJECTIVES: Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) is one of the most frequently used scales to evaluate apathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the AES (K-AES) and to apply the K-AES in examining the characteristics of apathy in the Korean patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 129 healthy people and 29 patients with schizophrenia have been evaluated using the K-AES, Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS), Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS), and the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Split-half reliability and internal consistency were evaluated and factor analysis and correlation analysis was conducted. Between-group comparison was conducted using independent sample t-tests. RESULTS: K-AES showed good reliability and validity. Factor analysis confirmed 3 factors, which represented interest and drive, initiative, self-awareness and self-assessment. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher K-AES and BDI scores than the healthy group. K-AES scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated with the PAS score, but did not correlate with SAS and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the K-AES. Our findings also suggest that the K-AES may be a reliable instrument in assessing apathy as a negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia.
Anhedonia ; Apathy* ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Schizophrenia* ; Self-Assessment ; Weights and Measures

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3 different automatic landmark identification programs on lateral cephalgrams and the clinical acceptability in pediatric dentistry.
Sixty digital cephalometric radiographs of 7 to 12 years old healthy children were randomly selected. Fourteen landmarks were chosen for assessment and the mean of 3 measurements of each landmark by a single examiner was defined as the baseline landmarks. The mean difference between an automatically identified landmark and the baseline landmark was measured for each landmark on each image.
The total mean difference of 3 automatic programs compared to the baseline landmarks were 2.53 ± 1.63 mm. Errors among 3 programs were not significantly different for 12 of 14 landmarks except Orbitale and Gonion. The automatic landmark identification programs showed significant higher mean detection errors than the manual method. The programs couldn’t be used as the 1st tool to replace human examiners. But considering short consuming time, these results indicate that all 3 programs have sufficient validity to be used in pediatric dental clinic.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the development of the left mandibular third-molar development with modified Demirjian method and its relation to chronological age.
A total of 1653 digital panoramic radiographs of healthy individuals aged between 7 and 23 years who visited Yonsei University Dental hospital were selected. The developmental status of the left mandibular third molars was assessed using dental maturity scoring proposed by Demirjian et al. The mean age of the first appearance of mineralization, complete crown formation, and complete root formation were around 9, 14, 21 years respectively. Statistically significant differences between males and females in the development stage of D and G were revealed that crown formation and root length completion were attained earlier in males than in females. There was significant positive relationship between age and third molar development in both sexes, and new formula was presented to estimate age of children and adolescents based on their developmental stages of third molars.
In this study, the use of left mandibular third molar as a developmental marker is appropriate, and age estimation can be attained with dental maturity stage.

OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common causative microorganism in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In this infection tubal obstruction, infertility, tubal pregnancy and recurrent pelvic infection has involved. Also, perinatal infection, spontaneous abortion and preterm labor of pregnant women increased in chlamydia infection. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic women. METHODS: From March, 2003 to March, 2004, in OB-Gyn development, endocervical swab were obtained in 218 patients (137 impatients of PID and 81 outpatients) by Amplicor Chlamydia Transfer Kits and Human papilloma virus kit. They were studied on history taking, physical examination, laboratory test, and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Also, in this study we investigated the prevalence of human papilloma virus and N. gonorrhea in the Chlamydia infection group. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 27.5% (61/218) in pelvic inflammatory disease. As regarding the age distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis positive group was the high prevalence rate in twenties (52.8%). Chlamydia infection was related to the history of artificial abortion, oral contraception, occupation status, history of gynecologic disease (PID, Ectopic pregnancy). Women with chlamydial infection were 2.5 times greater risk of coincidal HPV infection and 2 times greater risk of coincidal N. gonorrhea infection and both were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia infection is higher than any other sexually transmitted disease and Chlamydia infection has serious complication on reproduction. It appears weak symptom and detection is difficult. Therefore the screening and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis are necessary to decrease the prevalence and prevention of complication.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Age Distribution ; Chlamydia Infections ; Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Contraception ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mass Screening ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Occupations ; Papilloma ; Pelvic Infection ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease* ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Reproduction ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to compare clinical outcomes in terms of pain relief and recurrence rate between fragmentectomies and conventional microdiscectomies in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: Between January 2008 and May 2011, a total of 175 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of back and radicular pains were recorded before surgery, 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Recurrence was defined when a patient had the same pattern of preoperative symptoms and was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (42.3%) were suitable for fragmentectomy, and 101 patients underwent conventional microdiscectomy. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the fragmentectomy and conventional microdiscectomy groups 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up period, 3 patients (4.05%) in the fragmentectomy group and 7 patients (6.93%) in the conventional microdiscectomy group relapsed. CONCLUSION: If patients are selected according to well-defined criteria, fragmentectomy can be a good surgical option for LDH, in the physiological aspect of preserving healthy intervertebral disc materials.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Painful plantar callosities under the second, third or fourth metatarsal head have been controverted about its treatment mordalities. We performed the vertical chevron osteotomy in patients with painful callosities on the second and third metatarsal head, and evaluated the outcome clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen cases from 10 patients who had plantar keratosis were operated by vertical chevron osteotomy from March 2005 to October 2008. We used K-wire fixation for all cases. We evaluated the clinical results by the patients' satisfaction and disappearance of plantar lesion. RESULTS: The plantar keratosis was completely disappeared in 8 cases and partially in 5 cases. In 2 cases, patients expresses their pain caused by constant metatarsalgia that was suspected to be dorsal incisional pain and joint capsulitis. Transmetatarsalgia was not appeared. CONCLUSION: We consider vertical chevron osteotomy as a good surgical method for treatment of plantar keratosis.
Callosities ; Head ; Humans ; Joints ; Keratosis ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsalgia ; Osteotomy