PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between nuclear density measured using the Pentacam(R) (Oculus Optikgerate GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) Scheimpflug imaging system and phacoemulsification parameters. METHODS: The nuclear density was measured using maximal nuclear density with ImageJ, Pentacam(R) nucleus staging (PNS), average value and maximal value in lens densitometry. Intraoperatively, effective phaco time (EPT) and balanced salt solution (BSS) used were noted and compared with the nuclear density calculation methods. As an index of corneal endothelial cells, the changes in cell density (CD) were compared with the nuclear density. RESULTS: Regarding EPT, maximal nuclear density with ImageJ (r = 0.379, p < 0.01) and PNS (r = 0.367, p < 0.01) were correlated positively, but the other methods were not correlated. Concerning BSS used, maximal nuclear density with ImageJ (r = 0.279, p = 0.03) and PNS (r = 0.286, p = 0.04) were positively correlated, but the other methods were not correlated. The specular microscopy showed that as the nuclear density increased, the postoperative CD tended to decrease, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative nuclear density measurements using maximal nuclear density with ImageJ or PNS were correlated with phacoemulsification parameters.
Cell Count ; Densitometry ; Endothelial Cells ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrist position on the ulnar nerve conduction velocity. METHOD: Ulnar motor nerve conduction studies were performed bilaterally in twenty healthy adult volunteers. For each limb, nerve conduction study was carried out in two different positions. In the first position, shoulder were abducted, elbow and wrist flexed to 90o. For the second position, all joints were kept constant except for the wrist where it was extended. Routine conduction study was performed in both wrist positions. All data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The average conduction velocities in the wrist flexed position were 61.6 m/sec for the forearm segment and 62.3 m/sec across elbow. With the wrist extended, the average was 62.6 m/sec and 64.1 m/sec, respectively. The differences in conduction velocities between two different wrist positions were statistically significant (p<0.05). In the wrist flexed position, the average measured latencies were 2.3 msec with wrist, 5.4 msec below elbow, and 7.4 msec above elbow stimulation, compared to wrist extended which showed 2.4, 5.4 and 7.2 msec, respectively. The difference of latencies at wrist between the two wrist positions was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that wrist position affect ulnar nerve conduction velocity.
Adult ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Joints ; Neural Conduction ; Shoulder ; Ulnar Nerve* ; Volunteers ; Wrist*

OBJECTIVES: Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) is one of the most frequently used scales to evaluate apathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the AES (K-AES) and to apply the K-AES in examining the characteristics of apathy in the Korean patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 129 healthy people and 29 patients with schizophrenia have been evaluated using the K-AES, Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS), Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS), and the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Split-half reliability and internal consistency were evaluated and factor analysis and correlation analysis was conducted. Between-group comparison was conducted using independent sample t-tests. RESULTS: K-AES showed good reliability and validity. Factor analysis confirmed 3 factors, which represented interest and drive, initiative, self-awareness and self-assessment. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher K-AES and BDI scores than the healthy group. K-AES scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated with the PAS score, but did not correlate with SAS and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the K-AES. Our findings also suggest that the K-AES may be a reliable instrument in assessing apathy as a negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia.
Anhedonia ; Apathy* ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Schizophrenia* ; Self-Assessment ; Weights and Measures

A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Autopsy ; Base Sequence ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Clinical Coding ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorescence ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spasms, Infantile ; Toxicology

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the inferior conjunctival transposition flap for primary pterygium surgery. METHODS: This study reviewed 59 eyes in 59 patients with primary pterygium who were treated with pterygium excision and an inferior conjunctival transposition flap. The inferior conjunctival flap was obtained from lower bulbar conjunctiva and was secured with 8-0 vicryl. Patients were followed-up on the third day after surgery and then at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 55.6 (ranging from 34 to 74) years. The mean follow-up period was 24.9 (ranging from 12 to 46) months. During the follow-up period, the pterygium recurred in one (1.7%) of the 59 eyes. There were no severe complications except for mild congestion and hemorrhage of the conjunctival flap. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior conjunctival transposition flap technique may be considered as a safe and effective method that reduces complications and recurrences after primary pterygium excision.
Conjunctiva ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Polyglactin 910 ; Pterygium ; Recurrence

The purpose of this study is to see the value of transsectional morphology of polyethylene for evaluation of wear and characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Retrieved nineteen polyeth- ylene tibial components were examined for this study. Ten components were the directly molded 1900 Himont polyethylene, and 9 components were the machined GUR 415 polyethylene. Transsection of polyethylene(thickness: 60 - 150 micron) was obtained by microtome and was examined microscopical- ly for the fusion defects, subsurface white bands, and delamination as a mode of wear. Significant differ- ences between two groups of polyethylene were found. Fusion defects greater than 100 micron were observed in 5 among 9 GUR 415 polyethylene. Subsurface white band were observed in 7 among 9 GUR 415 polyethylene. Delamination was found in 6 arnong 9 GUR 415 polyethylene. Neither fusion defects greater than 100 micron, nor delamination were observed in 1900 Himont polyethylene. Morphological examination of polyethylene section is an efficient way to differentiate the polyethylene and to evaluate the wear behavior of retrieved polyethylene. This study suggests that delamination of polyethylene tibial components is influenced by resin type and / or manufacturing method.
Arthroplasty* ; Fungi ; Knee* ; Molecular Weight ; Polyethylene*

The Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS) was launched in 2022 as a longitudinal panel study to examine the interactions between work conditions, sleep health, and labour market performance among the Korean workforce. Baseline data were collected from 5,517 participants aged 19 to 70, encompassing diverse occupations. Follow-up surveys occur biannually, accommodating seasonal variations in sleep and health dynamics. To ensure stability, refreshment samples were integrated in later waves, maintaining a cohort size of 5,783 participants in wave 5. Key data include socio-demographics, employment characteristics, sleep patterns, health outcomes, and workplace performance. Early findings highlight critical associations, such as the adverse effects of occupational physical activity on productivity, the impact of emotional labour on health-related productivity loss, and the significance of sleep disruptions on mental health. The cohort’s design enables detailed analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional trends, offering insights into how changing work environments influence health and productivity. The KWSHS could serve as a vital resource for evidence-based interventions aimed at improving occupational health and productivity in Korea's evolving labour landscape. Data access is available through the study’s principal investigator upon request.

The Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS) was launched in 2022 as a longitudinal panel study to examine the interactions between work conditions, sleep health, and labour market performance among the Korean workforce. Baseline data were collected from 5,517 participants aged 19 to 70, encompassing diverse occupations. Follow-up surveys occur biannually, accommodating seasonal variations in sleep and health dynamics. To ensure stability, refreshment samples were integrated in later waves, maintaining a cohort size of 5,783 participants in wave 5. Key data include socio-demographics, employment characteristics, sleep patterns, health outcomes, and workplace performance. Early findings highlight critical associations, such as the adverse effects of occupational physical activity on productivity, the impact of emotional labour on health-related productivity loss, and the significance of sleep disruptions on mental health. The cohort’s design enables detailed analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional trends, offering insights into how changing work environments influence health and productivity. The KWSHS could serve as a vital resource for evidence-based interventions aimed at improving occupational health and productivity in Korea's evolving labour landscape. Data access is available through the study’s principal investigator upon request.

The Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS) was launched in 2022 as a longitudinal panel study to examine the interactions between work conditions, sleep health, and labour market performance among the Korean workforce. Baseline data were collected from 5,517 participants aged 19 to 70, encompassing diverse occupations. Follow-up surveys occur biannually, accommodating seasonal variations in sleep and health dynamics. To ensure stability, refreshment samples were integrated in later waves, maintaining a cohort size of 5,783 participants in wave 5. Key data include socio-demographics, employment characteristics, sleep patterns, health outcomes, and workplace performance. Early findings highlight critical associations, such as the adverse effects of occupational physical activity on productivity, the impact of emotional labour on health-related productivity loss, and the significance of sleep disruptions on mental health. The cohort’s design enables detailed analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional trends, offering insights into how changing work environments influence health and productivity. The KWSHS could serve as a vital resource for evidence-based interventions aimed at improving occupational health and productivity in Korea's evolving labour landscape. Data access is available through the study’s principal investigator upon request.