To knew the prevalence and nature of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in a community. we evaluated 13,678 cases(M; 12.198 cases, F; 1,480 cases) that visited to the Department of Health Service. Kang Nam General Hospital from April to October, 1992 for annual physical examination. For the detection of hematuria urine dipstick test was done. and then urine microscopy was done in cases with positive dipstick test (262 cases). Hematuria was defined as 3 or more RBCs/HPF on microscopic examination of the urinary sediment(189 cases). Repeated urinalysis was done in cases with 3-4 RBCs/HPF (30 cases). And in cases with 5 or more RBCs/HPF on urine microscopy, excretory urography(105 cases) was primarily checked and in addition, renal ultrasonography. cystoscopy. RGP. urine culture. urine cytology. serum IgA, C3. C4 were performed for investigation ofThe results were as follows: I. Prevalence of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria was 1.38% and significantly increased with age (p<0.01). 2. Urologic abnormalities associated with hematuria were identified in 23 cases (21.9 %)-6 cases of renal stone. 4 cases of BPH. 4 cases of UPJ stricture, 3 cases or cystitis, 2 cases of ureteral stone. 1 case or ureteral stricture. nephroptosis. renal cyst. renal tuberculosis. S. In 82 cases, urologic abnormalities could not be found and then serum IgA. C3 C4 checked in 36 cases among these. IgA was increased in 21 cases (58.3%). From the above result. the causes of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults could not be found in 78.1% and serious urologic diseases tumor and so on) were almost not found. We conclude that in order to obtain the detection of accurate prevalence and various urologic diseases. repeatedurine dipstick test and long-term followup in larger populations would be needed, and that screening test for the evaluation of hematuria would consist of performing excretory urography only in relative young adults and excretory urography with selective urine cytology after age 50 years.
Adult* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystitis ; Cystoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Services ; Hematuria* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Mass Screening ; Microscopy ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urography ; Urologic Diseases ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) were measured in 106 patients including 9 patients with prostate cancer, 63 patients with BPH. and 34 normal control group free of prostate disorders. The mean PSA value was 61.14+/-43.87 ng/ml for prostate cancer, 6.07+/-5.57 ng/ml for BPH and 1.42+/-0.98 ng/ml for normal control group, and the mean PAP value was 9.81+/-10.16 ng/ml for prostate cancer, 1.58+/-2.36ng/ml for BPH and 1.00+/-0.17 ng/ml for normal control group. The positive rates of PSA were 78% for prostate cancer, 22% for BPH and 0% for normal control group, and those of PAP were 67% for prostate cancer, 6% for BPH and 0% for normal control group. The sensitivity and specificity for PSA were 78%, respectively. We conclude that PSA may be a useful tool for detection and therapeutic monitoring of the prostatic cancer.
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Present study aimed to investigate the immunological activities of cell wall associated protein antigen solubilized with Triton X-100 (TSP) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and conducted on 43 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (newly diagnosed, medicated within 12 months and chronic refractory patients) and 17 normal healthy controls. These immunological responses were compared with those induced by the PPD or 30 kDa antigen from M, tuberculosis H37Rv culture filtrates, identified as biologically important secreted proteins. Proliferative responses to mycobacterial antigens were compared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy subjects and pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Signiticant blastogenic responses to the TSP were observed in healthy tuberculin reactors, newly diagnosed and some of antituberculosis drug-medicated patients by H-thymidine incorporation assay. IL-12 p40 and IFN-r mRNA expressions to the TSP were markedly increased, whereas IL-10 and TNF-a mRNA expressions were decreased at a 5 day-stimulation by PBMC in healthy tuberculin reactors, newly diagnosed and medicated patients. However, patients with chronic refractory tuberculosis exhibited more depressed IL-12 p40 and IFN-r mRNA expressions to all of the antigens than another groups. Interestingly, very low IL-10 and TNF-a mRNA expressions cultured with the TSP were also shown. These data suggest that the TSP may be involved in the macrophage activation by induction of Th1 stimulatory signals, such as IL-12, and suppression of Th1 inhibitory cytokine, IL-10.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

True hermaphroditism is characterized by the coexistence of testicular and ovarian tissue. Authors experienced a case of true hermaphroditism which was confirmed an ovary in the left abdomen and testis in the right scrotum with a karyotype of 46, XX,47, XXY and report this case with the brief review of literatures.
Abdomen ; Female ; Karyotype* ; Ovary ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development* ; Scrotum ; Testis

PURPOSE: Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of hematopoietic stem cell for stem cell transplantation in children has recently been advocated. Clinical application of cord blood transplantation, however, requires adequate blood volume and number of stem cells. Currently, the number of stem cells in the cord blood is usually measured by flowcytometry, which requires strict quality control and high costs. Here, we postulate that the number of nucleated red blood cells(NRBC) which are relatively immature erythroid cells may correlate well with that of CD34-expressing(CD34+) cells which are considered lymphohematopoietic precursors. If so, CD34+ cell-rich cord blood can be selected and such cells enumerated by a simple and cost-effective blood smears. METHODS: Correlation between CD34+ cell and nucleated RBC in human cord blood were checked. Sixty cord blood specimens(30 specimens for group A with NRBC>500/mul and 30 specimens for group B with NRBC<500/mul) from healthy newborns were collected in EDTA bottles and transported to our laboratory at room temperature. CD34+ cells were counted by flowcytometry(FACScanTM: Becton Dickinson) within 72 hours after collection, and NRBC by light microscopy. The results were as following. RESULTS: 1.The proportion of CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood was, in the average, 0.85%(+/-1.1) of mononuclear cells. 2.There was a significant difference between the means of CD34+ cell counts in group A(NRBC<500/ul; 30+/-48(SD)) and in group B(NRBC>500/ul; 55+/-61(SD))(p<0.005). 3.Regression relationship among CD34+ cell, WBC, and NRBC counts was as following. ln(CD34+ cell) = -12.21 + 1.46xln(WBC)+ 0.25xln(NRBC) gamma2=30.07 p=0.0001 4.There was a significant correlation between CD34+ cell counts and NRBC counts(gamma=0.4334, p<0.005) CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is a significant correlation between CD34+ cell counts and NRBC counts, and that CD34+ cell-rich cord blood specimens can be selected by a simple NRBC counting.
Blood Volume ; Cell Count ; Child ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Edetic Acid ; Erythroid Cells ; Fetal Blood* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans* ; Infant, Newborn ; Microscopy ; Quality Control ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: To analyze and report the analyzed clinical results of meniscal repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two cases were reviewed after arthroscopic meniscal repair. The meniscal repair was indicated by unstable tears in red-red or red-white zone with the tear size longer than 10mm. The location, pattern of the tear and associated injury were examined respectively, and the clinical results were evaluated with preoperative, postoperative Lysholm score and findings of physical examination. Physical examination was focused on tenderness, click, effusion and McMurray test. Also, a second look arthroscopy was performed in the case of bucket-handle tears and other types with recurring symptoms and positive physical findings. RESULTS: The number of medial meniscus tear was higher than lateral meniscus tear and the were no considerable differences in the number between the right and the left knees. The most common location of tear was the red-red zone tear in 30 cases, and the most common tear pattern was longitudinal tear in 22 cases. The number of bucket-handle tear was nine. The most common associated injury was ACL injury. Acording to clinical assessment, 29 out of 32 cases showed satisfactory results, and the results of 7 out of 9 bucket-handle tears were good. CONCLUSION: An analysis of the clinical results of meniscal repair has been carried out, showing that meniscal repair is regarded as a reliable treatment modality in meniscal tear with proper patient selection.
Arthroscopy ; Knee ; Menisci, Tibial ; Patient Selection ; Physical Examination

Primary ureteral carcinoma is a rare disease comprising 1% of all urinary tract tumors. Primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter is extremely rare. We report a case of primary ureteral adenocarcinoma associated with long-standing ureteral stone in 40-year-old man, who was treated by nephroureterectomy with bladder cupping, with a brief review of the literatures.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the effect of fixation tightness of the syndesmotic screw and its indwelling period on the recurrence of the syndesmosis widening after screw removal and the clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with acute syndesmotic injury were retrospectively reviewed. The tibiofibular clear space is measured by digitalized measurement tool on serial radiographs. We analyzed the effect of time from trauma to fixation, syndesmotic screw indwelling duration, and fixation methods. Residual symptoms at the last follow up were evaluated. The student t-test, correlation test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Eighteen ankles (45%) had recurrent syndesmosis widening (greater than 5% compared to the contralateral side). Seven patients had pain and five had limitation of motion in the ankle joint. Fixation tightness had significant effect on reducing the recurrence while the severity of the initial widening, time to fixation, and duration of fixation did not affect the outcome. CONCLUSION: Tight fixation of syndesmotic screw is essential for achieving final syndesmotic stability and reducing recurrence.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

Sarcoma is a malignant tumor originated from bone, cartilage, fat tissue, nerve, blood vessel, bone marrow, endothelium, etc. and for this reason it exhibits considerable variation not only clinical but histologic appearance. Osteosarcoma occurs chiefly in young persons and in patients older than 40 years it is usually associated with Paget's disease, irradiated bone, multiple hereditary exostosis or polyostotoc fibrous dysplasia and sometimes with preceding trauma. Radiographically it is divided into three forms: an osteoblastic or sclerosing type, an osteolytic type, and mixed type. Histologically it is divided into osteoblastic type, chondroblastic type, fibroblastic type. The treatment of osteosarcoma is radical excision, combined chemotherapy but the prognosis is poor and overall 5-year survival rate is 20-40%. We present two different type sarcomas of 22-year-old male and 56-year-old male patients which we performed surgical excision, combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Blood Vessels ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Drug Therapy ; Endothelium ; Exostoses ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible* ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue ; Osteoblasts ; Osteosarcoma* ; Prognosis ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult