Synchronous renal malignancies are seldom encountered or diagnosed post-renal resection. A combination of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) is most commonly reported.Typically, the RCC subtype is clear-cell RCC; however, a combination of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and UC has rarely been reported in the existing literature. Here, we present two cases of synchronous renal malignancy, specifically a combination of CDC and UC, in the ipsilateral kidney.

Synchronous renal malignancies are seldom encountered or diagnosed post-renal resection. A combination of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) is most commonly reported.Typically, the RCC subtype is clear-cell RCC; however, a combination of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and UC has rarely been reported in the existing literature. Here, we present two cases of synchronous renal malignancy, specifically a combination of CDC and UC, in the ipsilateral kidney.

Synchronous renal malignancies are seldom encountered or diagnosed post-renal resection. A combination of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) is most commonly reported.Typically, the RCC subtype is clear-cell RCC; however, a combination of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and UC has rarely been reported in the existing literature. Here, we present two cases of synchronous renal malignancy, specifically a combination of CDC and UC, in the ipsilateral kidney.

Malaria is a potent burden on public healthcare worldwide due to requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays, prompt diagnosis with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely accepted as an effective diagnostic technique in malaria-endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast output, and straightforward interpretation. The global availability and use of RDTs have gradually grown over recent decades as field-applicable diagnostic tests for the reliable confirmation of malaria infection and proper case management. This study was conducted to evaluate diagnostic performance of 3 commercially available malaria RDT kits : BIOCREDITTM Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH), Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), and Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH) (where pLDH and pHRPII stand for plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase and histidine-rich protein 2, respectively) for the specific detection of Plasmodium falciparum. A total of 1,129 blood samples including 95 blood samples, confirmed as vivax malaria infection by microscopic examinations and a nested-PCR method, were tested for falciparum malaria infection. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH), and Pf(pLDH) for P. falciparum were 99.0% and 100%, 95.8% and 100%, and 100% and 100%, respectively. It is proposed that the 3 RDT kits perform reliable level of diagnostic accuracy of detection for P. falciparum parasites.

Mosquitoes are globally distributed and important vectors for the transmission of many human diseases. Mosquito control is a difficult task and the cost of preventing mosquito-borne diseases is much lower than that for curing the associated diseases. Thus, chemical control remains the most effective tool for mosquito. Due to the long-term intensive use of insecticides to control mosquito vectors, resistance to most chemical insecticides has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and target site mutation of L1014 kdr and G119 ace alleles in 5 species/species group of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles spp., Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) obtained from 6 collection sites. For Anopheles spp., the proportion of mosquitoes with mutated alleles in L1014 was 88.4%, homozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 46.7%, and heterozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 41.8%. For the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus species, homozygous resistant genotypes were found in 25.9% and 9.8%, respectively. However, target site mutation of L1014 in the Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus species was not observed. Anopheles spp., Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, whereas Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus were clearly susceptible. We also found a correlation between the resistance phenotype and the presence of the L1014 kdr and G119 ace mutations only in the Anopheles spp. population. In this study, we suggest that insecticide resistance poses a growing threat and resistance management must be integrated into all mosquito control programs.

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis in a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. In this study, we analyzed seroprevalence of T. gondii among 467 school children living in the rural areas of Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii among school children was 23.5%; 22.5% of children were positive for T. gondii IgG, 0.4% of children were positive for T. gondii IgM, and 0.6% of children were positive for both T. gondii IgG and IgM. Geographical factors did not significantly affect the seroprevalence frequency between Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. No significant difference was found between males (22.2%) and females (25.0%). The overall seroprevalence among school children differed by ages (10 years old [13.6%], 11–12 years old [19.8%], 13–14 years old [24.6%], and 15–16 years old [28.0%]), however, the result was not significant. Polymerase chain reaction analysis for T. gondii B1 gene for IgG-positive and IgM-positive blood samples were negative, indicating no direct evidence of active infection. These results collectively suggest that T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar was relatively high. Integrated and improved strategies including reinforced education on toxoplasmosis should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar.
Animals ; Child ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Male ; Myanmar ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis

Prompt diagnosis of malaria cases with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely adopted as an effective malaria diagnostic tool in many malaria endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast result output, and straightforward interpretation. However, there has been controversy about the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the 2 commercially available malaria RDT kits, RapiGEN Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) for their abilities to detect Plasmodium species in blood samples collected from Ugandan patients with malaria. To evaluate the diagnostic performances of these 2 RDT kits, 229 blood samples were tested for malaria infection by microscopic examination and a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. The detection sensitivities for P. falciparum of Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) were 87.83% and 89.57%, respectively. The specificities of the 2 RDTs were 100% for P. falciparum and mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections. These results suggest that the 2 RDT kits showed reasonable levels of diagnostic performances for detection of the malaria parasites from Ugandan patients. However, neither kit could effectively detect P. falciparum infections with low parasitaemia ( < 500 parasites/μl).
Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Malaria ; Parasites ; Plasmodium ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Uganda

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is used to identify areas of upper airway obstruction, which occurs when patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) snore. DISE enables effective diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the obstruction site. Among surgical treatment methods for OSA, maxillomandibular advancement surgery (MMA) is performed to move a jaw forward; the surgery has a high success rate for OSA treatment. In DISE, anesthetics such as propofol and midazolam must be administered to induce snoring while the patient is deeply sedated for an accurate diagnosis to be made. When inducing deep sedation in a patient with OSA, airway obstruction may increase, causing oxygen saturation to drop; airway interventions are necessary in such cases. Effective DISE and MMA surgery can be performed by administering propofol through target-controlled infusion while monitoring the bispectral index (BIS).
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthetics ; Deep Sedation ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy* ; Humans ; Jaw ; Midazolam ; Oxygen ; Propofol ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring

BACKGROUND: This study retrospectively investigated outcomes following dental implantation in patients with special needs who required general anesthesia to enable treatment. METHODS: Patients underwent implant treatment under general anesthesia at the Clinic for the Disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital between January 2004 and June 2017. The study analyzed medical records and radiographs. Implant survival rates were calculated by applying criteria for success or failure. RESULTS: Of 19 patients in the study, 8 were males and 11 were females, with a mean age of 32.9 years. The patients included 11 with mental retardation, 3 with autism, 2 with cerebral palsy, 2 with schizophrenia, and 1 with a brain disorder; 2 patients also had seizure disorders. All were incapable of oral self-care due to serious cognitive impairment and could not cooperate with normal dental treatment. A total of 27 rounds of general anesthesia and 1 round of intravenous sedation were performed for implant surgery. Implant placement was performed in 3 patients whose prosthesis records could not be found, while 3 other patients had less than 1 year of follow-up after prosthetic treatment. When the criteria for implant success or failure were applied in 13 remaining patients, 3 implant failures occurred in 59 total treatments. The cumulative survival rate of implants over an average of 43.3 months (15-116 months) was 94.9%. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with severe cognitive impairment who are incapable of oral self-care, implant treatment under general anesthesia showed a favorable prognosis.
Anesthesia, General* ; Autistic Disorder ; Brain Diseases ; Cerebral Palsy ; Cognition Disorders ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants* ; Disabled Persons ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Medical Records ; Prognosis* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study discusses the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) using various approaches with the goal of evaluating the methods of diagnosis and treatment of PE in clinical practice in 2014 in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We surveyed 200 urologists and andrologists who treated patients with PE from July 1, 2014 to July 29, 2014 using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of 4 parts: disease, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment. Using the answers to this survey, current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of PE were investigated using weighted averages. RESULTS: The median number per month of patients who were diagnosed with PE was 14 patients (interquartile range, 7~24). The time to ejaculation necessary for a diagnosis of PE was considered to be <1 minute by 12% of respondents, <2 minutes by 27%, <3 minutes by 28%, <5 minutes by 13%, and 20% stated that diagnosis was based on a patient's subjective complaint. The treatment methods preferred by PE patients were reported to be pharmacological treatment (87%), surgical treatment (9.5%), and behavioral management (3.5%). The treatment methods used by respondents were pharmacological treatment (77%), surgical treatment (15%), and behavioral management (14%). The most commonly used pharmacological treatment was the oral administration of dapoxetine (97%). CONCLUSIONS: In 2014 in South Korea, various methods were used to diagnose and treat PE. The most commonly used treatment for PE was the oral administration of dapoxetine. It was also found that surgical treatment was applied in some cases.
Administration, Oral ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis* ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Surveys and Questionnaires