OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to test the reliability of the Korean version of self-compassion scale (K-SCS). METHODS: The total of 484 participants were included in this study. Reliability studies were conducted and internal consistency were examined. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the K-SCS was 0.76, and test-retest reliability was 0.53. CONCLUSION: The K-SCS appeared to be a reliable instrument for assessing self-compassion in Korean population. If supplements further studies of the validity, this scale may be applicable in clinical trials, research, clinical practice.

Background: The aim of this study was to introduce a novel technique to improve the ease of fixing of even small fragments of the coronoid process and report the clinical outcomes of this method. Methods: Forty-nine patients with ulnar coronoid process fractures fixed using the hooked Kirschner wire (K-wire) technique at our hospital from 2007 to 2019 were reviewed. Radiological features and fracture union were assessed using simple radiographs.Functional outcomes of the treated elbows were evaluated at the final follow-up visit using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Results: All patients were examined at a mean follow-up of 17.7 months (range, 6–62 months). We observed bony union in patients at a mean of 10.9 weeks (range, 6–22 weeks). The mean flexion and extension ranges of the elbow were 132.0° (range, 106° –151°) and 4.5° (range, –20° to 30°), respectively. The mean pronation and supination ranges of the forearm were 81.1° (range, 60°–90°) and 88.3° (range, 60°–120°), respectively. The mean arc of the elbow was 127.4° (range, 78°–160°). All patients were evaluated using the MEPS at the final follow-up visit, with a mean score of 96.9 points (range, 80–100 points). One case of coronoid nonunion was observed and re-fixation was performed. One case of infection was observed and also treated with additional surgery. Three patients complained of ulnar nerve symptoms and 1 patient underwent surgical release for tardy ulnar nerve palsy. Conclusions Despite its limitations, the hooked K-wire technique was a useful method for even smaller coronoid process fractures. K-wires were also a useful temporary intraoperative fixation method and could provide permanent fixation.

Accidents, Traffic ; Diagnosis ; Facial Injuries ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Jeollanam-do ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandibular Fractures ; Neck ; Postoperative Complications ; Social Environment ; Surgery, Oral ; Violence

PURPOSE: In Korea, emergency department overcrowding in large hospitals have caused social concern. Moreover, patients with low socioeconomic status visit the emergency department more frequently. This kind of visitation also causes a burden on the national budget, but emergent patient should be treated in emergency department regardless of economic state. So, on establishment of policy about the patient with low socioeconomic status, the frequency of emergency visitation alone is difficult to obtain a sufficient basis for policy-making. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with a disease who visited the Pusan Wide-regional Emergency Center in 2015. Korean Triage and Acuity Scale level I, II or III were defined as emergency, and level IV or V was defined as non-emergency. The ratio of emergency and non-emergency was compared in the National Health Insurance and Medicaid database. RESULTS: The number of patients with National Health Insurance was 16,208 (90.3%) and with Medicaid was 1,737 (9.7%). Among those with National Health Insurance, there were 12,720 (78.5%) emergency cases and 3,488 (21.5%) non-emergency cases. Among those with Medicaid, 1,379 (79.4%) emergency cases and 358 (20.6%) non-emergency cases. Between National Health Insurance and Medicaid, there was no statistically significant difference in the ratio of emergency and non-emergency (p=0.380) CONCLUSION: Accessibility of emergency and non-emergency patients with National Health Insurance and Medicaid to Pusan Wide-regional Emergency Center was not different.
Adult ; Budgets ; Busan ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage* ; Insurance* ; Korea ; Medicaid ; National Health Programs ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Class ; Triage

PURPOSE: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) heat shock protein (HSP)60 may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis as well as atherosclerosis by modulating autoimmune reaction due to its high level of sequence homology between bacteria and human counterpart. The purpose of this study was to identify immunodomiant epitope of P. gingivalis HSP60 that is reactive exclusively to the homologous bacteria without reacting with human HSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was performed to identify the peptide specifically recognized by anti-P. gingivalis HSP60 monoclonal antibodies mono-reactive to P. gingivalis HSP60. RESULTS: Four different hybridomas were cloned producing monoclonal IgG antibodies exclusively to P. gingivalis HSP60. Thirty seven synthetic peptides (20-mer with 5-amino acid overlapping) were synthesized. All of these peptide were subject to SDS-PAGE for immunblot analysis. One peptide (TVPGGGTTYIRAIAALEGLK) and the other peptide (TLVVNRLRGSLKICAVKAPG) were recognized by all and one of the four monoclonal antibodies, respectively, that reacted solely with P. gingivalis HSP60. Immunohistochemistry to identify the localization of the HSP60 in the diseased gingival tissues revealed that all of the four monoclonal antibodies were highly reacted with the diseased gingival tissue than normal gingival tissue. CONCLUSION: The P. gingivalis HSP60 peptides (TVPGGGTTYIRAIAALEGLK and TLVVNRLRGSLKICAVKAPG, respectively) are positively involved in the immunopathologic process of periodontal disease. The peptide may potentially be developed as vaccine candidates. Further investigations are under way to identify more clones producing monoclonal antibodies reactive to P. gingivalis HSP and to other periodontopathogenic bacteria as well, while maintaining specificities to human counterpart.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Atherosclerosis ; Bacteria ; Chaperonin 60 ; Clone Cells ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunohistochemistry ; Peptides ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Sequence Homology

PURPOSE: The attachment level is strongly associated with tooth loss and provides useful information on patterns of destruction of the periodontium. The presence of horizontal attachment loss would not be detected in clinical measurement. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the patterns of periodontal destruction based on the attachemnt area and horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth due to severe periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 307 teeth satisfied the criteria for assessment. An indirect method, based on digital images obtained from a digital camera and an image analysis program, was used to calculate the area of root surface and attachment loss and the extent of horizontal attachment loss. The data were analysed using SPSS. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences among root surfaces were observed in anterior teeth on the loss of attachment area. However, in posterior teeth statistically significant differences in palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar surfaces compared with buccal surfaces were observed. Horizontal attachment loss was observed in 21.5% of the teeth examined. Frequency of horizontal attachment loss was highest in the maxillary first premolar (34.8%), followed by the maxillary second premolar (27.3%) and maxillary canine (25%). The mean length of horizontal attachment loss was 1.5mm. CONCLUSION: More meticulous examination will be needed of the palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar teeth. The percentage of teeth with horizontal attachment loss greater than 2.1 mm was 5.2%. Considering the length of curette blades, about 5.2% of teeth were not properly debrided. Therefore, Additional supportive therapy such as local drug delivery has to be considered in treatment of the first maxillary, second premolar and canine due to the high prevalence of horizontal attachment loss.
Bicuspid ; Molar ; Periodontitis ; Periodontium ; Prevalence ; Tooth ; Tooth Loss

PURPOSE: The non-carious cervical lesion(NCCL) is a loss of tooth structure at the neck of affected teeth that is unrelated to tooth caries. The reported prevalence of NCCL varies from 5% to 85%. Prevalence and severity of lesions have been found to increase with age. They are becoming more significant as people live longer and become more aware of the importance of oral health. The purposes of this study were first, to examine the periodontal conditions associated with NCCL, and second, to investigate the clinical effects of class V restorations of NCCL on periodontal tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample size was 982 teeth of 50 subjects(25 male, mean age 52+/-7) who were seen at the Department of Periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. At the baseline examination, clinical periodontal parameters were measured. After the initial examination, 24 patients who were absent from hypersensitivity were selected. The teeth with NCCL were randomly divided into the test and control groups. The teeth in the test group were restored with flowable resin; the control teeth were not restored. Six months later, the clinical examinations were repeated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) NCCL occurred on 45.8% of examined teeth. The percentage of affected teeth was higher in maxillary and premolar teeth. 2) The shallow saucer type was the most common. 3) Teeth with NCCL had more gingival recession, lower attachment level, and higher incidences of bleeding on probing(BOP) and plaque than NCCL-free teeth. 4) Six months later, gingival recession, attachment level, the percentages of BOP and plaque in the test group were lower than in the control group(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: NCCLs were more found in maxillary teeth, especially in premolar teeth. The results suggest that the restoration of NCCL could affect some periodontal parameters favorably
Bicuspid ; Gingival Recession ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck ; Oral Health ; Prevalence ; Sample Size ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate trabecular changes in the mandible using fractal analysis and to explain the transient osteopenia related to rapid orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs were taken of 26 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Radiographs taken before the surgery and 1 month after surgery were overlapped, and 40x40 pixel square regions of interest were selected near the mandibular canines and 1st molars. After the image processing procedure, the fractal dimension was calculated using the box-counting method. RESULTS: Fractal dimension after orthognathic surgery decreased in a statistically significant manner (P<0.05). The change in fractal dimension on the canine side had greater statistical significance as compared to that seen on the 1st molar side. CONCLUSION: This study found that bone density decreases after orthognathic surgery due to transient osteopenia related to the regional acceleratory phenomenon. This result can provide a guide to evaluating orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Fractals ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Tooth Movement

Cervical cancer and its precursors are caused principally, if not exclusively, by HPV infection and HPV DNA is found in more than 90% of cervical cancers. Cervical cytology is limited by its false negativity and this may be supplimented by other adjunctive test such as HPV test. It is therefore important to explore the use of HPV DNA detection as a primary or supplementary screening method and to determine whether HPV typing can be used as a predictor of a lesion's clinical behavior. Cervical cytology and Hybrid Capture test for HPV detection were performed in 450 asymtomatic wornen visited Health Care Center in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital,and none of whom was believed to have current cervical disease. The Papanicolaou cytology results were classified by The Bethesda System : 333(74.%) women were classified to within normal limit, 19(4.2%) benign reactive change, 38(8.4%) ASCUS, 59(13%) low grade SIL, and only one woman high grade SIL. Twenty five of 450(5.6%) women showed HPV infection by Hybid Capture test. Among 98 wornen with abnormal Papanicolaou cytology, 16(16.3%) women showed HPV DNA positivity. (continue)
Delivery of Health Care ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans* ; Mass Screening* ; Papilloma* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that 17beta-estradiol activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rodent muscle and C2C12 myotubes and that acute 17beta-estradiol treatment rapidly increases AMPK phosphorylation possibly through non-genomic effects but does not stimulate glucose uptake. Here, we investigated whether 24-hour 17beta-estradiol treatment stimulated glucose uptake and regulated the expression of genes associated with glucose and energy metabolism through the genomic effects of estrogen receptor (ER) in C2C12 myotubes. METHODS: C2C12 myotubes were treated with 17beta-estradiol for 24 hours, and activation of AMPK, uptake of glucose, and expression of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β, uncoupling protein 2, and glucose transporter 4 were examined. Furthermore, we investigated whether AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182.780) treatment reversed 17beta-estradiol-induced changes. RESULTS: We found that 24-hour treatment of C2C12 myotubes with 17beta-estradiol stimulated AMPK activation and glucose uptake and regulated the expression of genes associated with glucose and energy metabolism. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with the estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182.780) reversed 17beta-estradiol-induced AMPK activation, glucose uptake, and changes in the expression of target genes. Furthermore, treatment with the AMPK inhibitor (compound C) reversed 17beta-estradiol-induced glucose uptake and changes in the expression of target genes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that 17beta-estradiol stimulates AMPK activation and glucose uptake and regulates the expression of genes associated with glucose and energy metabolism in C2C12 myotubes through the genomic effects of ER.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Energy Metabolism ; Estrogens ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Peroxisomes ; Phosphorylation ; Rodentia