PURPOSE: Infrared thermometers are increasingly used as a convenient, non-invasive assessment method for febrile children. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the infrared thermometer for children has been questioned, particularly in relation to sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermometers in febrile children. METHODS: Articles published between 1966 and 2012 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, KoreaMed, NDSL, KERIS and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'infrared thermometer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. RESULTS: Nineteen diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 4,304 children, were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (Area Under the Curve) of infrared tympanic thermometers in children over 1 year were 0.80 (95% CI 0.78, 0.81), 0.94 (95% CI 0.93, 0.95) and 0.95 respectively. However the diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers in children with hyperthermia was low. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometer was similar to axillary and rectal thermometers indicating a need for further research to substantiate these findings in children with hyperthermia.
Adolescent ; Area Under Curve ; Body Temperature ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Fever/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infrared Rays ; Odds Ratio ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thermometers/*standards

Lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis was administered to 34 patients with primary hypertlipidemia, 20 mg once daily with the evening meal. Patients experienced mean total and LDL cholesterol reductions of 30.9% and 34.0% respectively. HDL cholesterol level was significantly increased by 15.4% and plasma triglyceride level was decreased by 11.2%. maximal hypocholesterolemic effects were evident at 8 weeks, after which the effects were stable. Adverse effects were noted in 2 patients who had mild gastrointestinal symptoms, that subsided after discontinuing the drug. We concluded that lovastatin is a well tolerated and effective agent for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Lovastatin ; Meals ; Plasma* ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments and overall 5-year survival and to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival in patient with ovarian tumors. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the outcome of 116 patients with ovarian cancer and 64 patients with borderline malignant ovarian tumor, who had been treated at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2001. Univariate and multivariate analysis for survival were conducted to test the prognostic significance of several clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with borderline malignant ovarian tumor was 39.9 years old, and nulliparity was most common (42.2%). Mucinous tumor was the most common histologic subtype (68.8%). The FIGO stage distribution of borderline malignancy were 89.1%, 1.6%, 9.3% for stage I, II, and III, respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with borderline malignancy was 98.4%. The mean age of the patients with ovarian cancer was 50.1 years old. The incidence of ovarian cancer according to histologic type were 74.1%, 12.9%, 11.2%, 0.9%, 0.9%, in epithelial ovarian cancer, Sex-cord stromal tumor, malignant germ cell tumor, metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, and small cell carcinoma, respectively. The FIGO stage distribution of ovarian cancer were 40.5%, 12.1%, 42.2%, 5.2% for stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer was 60.9%. In multivariate analysis, FIGO stage was identified as a significant independent prognostic factor in this study. CONCLUSION: In this study, patients with borderline malignancy of the ovary have good prognosis and the overall 5-year survival rate was 98.4%. Otherwise, the overall survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer was 60.9% and the stage was most important prognostic factor.
Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mucins ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis* ; Survival Rate

A wide variety of cancers metastasize to the ovaries. In a majority of instances the primary site is the gastrointestinal tract, breast, or other gynecologic organs. The best known tumor of this type is signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. The gallbladder and bile duct are rare sources of these metastases. The authors have had an experience of a case that was presented of Krukenberg tumor metastatic from the gallbladder and report the case with brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Ducts ; Breast ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Krukenberg Tumor* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Ovary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in the ablation effects of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT), percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy in extracted bovid livers, and to assess the appropriate therapeutic method for treating hepatic tumors according to their shape, size and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PEIT, PMCT and RF ablation were performed at 1 cm and 5 cm depth in bovid livers. PEIT was performed with 1, 2, 3 and 4 ml of ethanol, PMCT with 60 watt for a 30 th, 60 th and 120 th of a second, and RF ablation for 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 minutes. Ultrasonography was used for the detection of the tissue necrosis that followed the different therapeutic modalities. RESULTS: For PEIT, the extent of the necrosis was smaller than that of the other modalities. For PMCT, the necrosis was elliptical and longer in length. For RF, the necrosis was oval and larger in size. At 1 cm depth for PMCT and RF ablation, the liver capsule was injured. CONCLUSION:We concluded that these different findings in tissue necrosis would aid in selecting the appropriate therapeutic method for hepatic tumors according to the tumors' shape, size and location.
Ethanol* ; Liver* ; Microwaves* ; Necrosis ; Ultrasonography

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography

Nasal lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm in the sinonasal tract. The NK/T-cell type of lymphoma is more commonly found in Asian populations. However, B-cell lymphoma is more common in the western countries whereas it is rare in Asia. Recently, we experienced two cases of sinonasal B-cell lymphoma, which are rare cases in Korea, one in an advanced stage and one in an early stage. Both patients had no specific nasal symptoms or systemic B symptoms (fever, night sweat, weight loss). As our cases demonstrate, diagnosis of B cell lymphoma is often delayed in many cases because B-cell lymphoma does not show any specific symptoms. Thus, careful physical examination and biopsy under suspicion of malignancy are important for early diagnosis of nasal lymphoma.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Physical Examination ; Sweat

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare non-epithelial, mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract that metastasize or recur in 30% of patients who undergo surgical resection with curative intent. A 59-year-old man visited our hospital for an examination of a palpable mass in the left abdomen. Fourteen months prior to his visit, the patient underwent gastric wedge resection to remove a GIST of the gastric cardia. At the time of surgery, no evidence of metastatic disease was observed and the pathological interpretation was a high-risk GIST. A follow-up computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a partially necrotic solid mass (9.8 x 7.6 cm) and enhancing mass in the spleen (2.3 cm). On exploration, multiple masses were found in the liver, greater omentum, and mesentery. Here, we report a case of recurring GIST of the stomach that metastasized to the spleen. To the best of our knowledge, few reports of metastasis to the spleen exist.
Abdomen ; Cardia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Liver ; Mesentery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Omentum ; Spleen ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoidectomy*

The myofascial pain syndrome patients usually have characteristic personalities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological characteristics of myofascial pain syndrome patients. We reviewed medical records of fifty-four patients with myofascial pain syndrome for their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and psychological interview notes. On MMPI profile, the patients scored high in hypochondriasis, hysteria and depression scales, which are the triad of neurosis. According to stress factors and occupations, the psychologic responses were different. We have compared the severity of pain according to different life stress and occupations. VAS scores of the student group were higher statistically in the occupation comparison and of the marital problem group were higher in the life stress comparison. It is suggested that psychologic intervention on myofascial pain syndrome patients should be stressed for the management of pain.
Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Interview, Psychological ; Medical Records ; MMPI ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes* ; Occupations ; Psychology ; Rehabilitation ; Stress, Psychological ; Weights and Measures