No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Pneumothorax, Artificial*

In the present study, we examined to determine the development of various lymphoid tissue including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), thymus, lymph node and liver. In order to investigate the relationship between the morphological events and the expression pattern of MIC2 antigen (CD99) during the development of lymphoid system, we performed the immunohistochemical study using DN16, a monoclonal antibody against MIC2 (CD99), on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymphoid sections in 68 human embryos and fetuses, between 5 and 39 gestational week (GW). Four neonates, an infant, and 5 adults are also included. CD99 has been expressed along the membrane of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells for 10-28 GW, in when the liver the major site of hematopoiesis. In the thymus, CD99 was firstly detected in the presumptive epitheial cells at 10 GW. When the thymus matured and corticomedullary differentiation appeared, CD99 was exclusively expressed in cortical thymocytes. The CD99 expression in epithelial cells of MALT has initiated at 6 GW and 10 GW earlier than that at the onset of MALT development and its expression has been persisted during MALT formation especially 16-25 GW. The finnding that CD99 antigen was expressed in epithelial cells during the development of MALT rnight provide a means to identify a novel epithelial differentiated substance. In addition, endothelial cells that are present in various organs such as liver and small intestine concurrently expressed CD99 antigen and its expression persisted to late fetal period. This point rnight suggest that CD99 antigen regulate the irnigration of lymphocytes from liver, major hematopoietic organ, to thymus or peripheral lyrnphoid organ via the interaction between endothelial cells and lymphocytes.
Adult ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Fetus* ; Hematopoiesis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Membranes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

No abstract available.
Knee Joint* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis*

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most commonly used anti-osteoporotic drugs, which have been proven to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, use of BPs, particularly for long periods of time, is associated with an increased risk of atypical femoral fracture (AFF). Healing of BP-associated AFF is usually delayed because of suppressed bone turnover. Teriparatide (TPTD), a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone (PTH), enhances bone healing in patients with delayed healing or non-union. METHODS: In this study, we summarized and performed a systemic review of the published literature on treatment of AFF using TPTD. RESULTS: Although there is a lack of level 1 studies on the evidence of TPTD in promoting bone union in AFFs, this systemic review of the available literature revealed that TPTD works positively in AFFs, and we put together the evidence that TPTD is a viable treatment option for enhancing fracture healing in AFFs. CONCLUSIONS: While anecdotal evidence of beneficial effects of TPTD on fracture healing offer limited guidance for clinical decision making, a better understanding of the role of TPTD in fracture healing may be elucidated with future prospective trials.
Decision Making ; Diphosphonates ; Femoral Fractures* ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Prospective Studies ; Teriparatide*

Melanosome is a cellular organelle that is composed of a melanosomal matrix and a brown biochrome, melanin which is formed by tyrosine-tyrosinase reactions. The melanosome is formed within the melanocyte and transferred to the surrounding keratinocytes through dendritic processes. Human skin color is related to the number, size, type and distribution of melanosomes, and the major role of melanosomes is to prevent skin from injurious nonionizing ultraviolet radiation. Controlled NaOH hydrolysis and centrifugation of human hair make it possible to isolate large amounts of melanosomes which are synthesized within the follicular melanocytes and transferred to hair matrix cells. In this study, the sun protection factors of topically applied melanosomes isolated from human hair were evaluated using ultraviolet B phototesting. Topically applied melanosomes increased the minimal erythemal doses. And the sun protection factors of each 50% and 25% melanosomal preparation were 12.3 +/- 5.5 and 3.1 +/- 1.3 respectively, and these ultraviolet B protection effects showed statistically significant differences from 10%, 5% and 1% melanosomal preparations and vehicle. Form these results, the dose-related photoprotective role of melanosomes was confirmed.
Human ; Male ; Melanocytes/*physiology ; Skin/*radiation effects ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Ultraviolet Rays/*adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: Although twist-drill craniostomy (TDC) has a number of procedural advantages and an equivalent outcome compared to burr hole craniostomy (BHC) for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), the latter technique remains the preferred method. We analyzed symptomatic CSDHs in whom TDC at the pre-coronal suture entry point (PCSEP) was the primary method for hematoma drainage and BHC on the parietal was the secondary option. METHODS: CSDHs in 86 consecutive patients were included. TDC at the PCSEP, which is 1 cm anterior to coronal suture at the level of the superior temporal line, was the primary operational technique when the hematoma thickness was suitable, and BHC was performed via the parietal when TDC was unreasonable or failed. The clinical feasibility and outcomes of these approaches were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 86 patients, 68 (79.1%) were treated by TDC, and 18 (20.9%) by BHC. All patients showed improvements in their symptoms after hematoma drainage. Neither morbidity nor mortality was associated with either technique, and there were no differences in drainage days between the groups. Ten patients had bilateral hematomas and were treated using TDC. Two patients were not sufficiently treated by TDC and, as a result, BHC was applied. Only six hematomas (7% of 86 hematomas) exhibited insufficient thickness on the computed tomography to perform TDC. CONCLUSION: When the hematoma was thick enough, a majority of the CSDHs were drained using TDC at the PCSEP as the first procedure, which was especially useful for bilateral hematomas and in elderly patients.
Aged ; Drainage* ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Rabeprazole ; Sutures

Liver metastases in colorectal cancer are a frequent and lethal complication. Although hepatic resection is an effective treatment for patients with liver metastases in colorectal cancer, only 10-20% of the patients with liver metastases in colorectal cancer are indicated on hepatic resection. However, over the past several decades, liver resection has evolved as a safe and potentially curative treatment for liver metastases in colorectal cancer. Currently the absolute number of patients amenable to resection is large and is growing with better imaging, better surgery, and improvements in systemic therapies to reduce the risk of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic recurrences. The development of active chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies, together with newer modalities like radiofrequency ablation, have expanded the indications for hepatic resection and improved survival. Also, although initially unresectable, a hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases after down-sizing by using the above mentioned treatment modalities and chemotherapy can provide a hope for long-term survival that is similar to that of primarily resectable patients. To achieve this objective, for patients with liver metastases, a multidisciplinary team approach has become mandatory, with routine re-evaluation of patients and with adequate timing for each treatment.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Liver ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence