No abstract available.
Testis*

PURPOSE: This study investigated depression and anxiety in girls with precocious puberty and in their mothers. METHOD: This study recruited 75 girls treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and their mothers from October 2017 to April 2018. The girls completed the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (K-CDI) and Maturity Fear Scale (MFS), and their mothers were surveyed with the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) and Korean Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI). RESULTS: The K-BDI scores showed statistically significant differences according to girl's age (p < 0.016) and household income (p < 0.037). The anxiety scores showed statistically significant differences according to girls' Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.029) and household income (p < 0.005). There was a positive correlation between depression in girls and mothers (r=0.264, p < 0.050). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a need for understanding and counseling for depression in both girls??and their mothers during the process of diagnosis and treatment for precocious puberty.
Anxiety ; Body Mass Index ; Counseling ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Methods ; Mothers ; Puberty, Precocious

The Kallmanns syndrome is the most common form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in which anosmia or hyposmia resulting from agenesis of hypoplasia of the olfactory lobes is associated with LHRH deficiency, This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous and can be trans-mitted as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in absent or incomplete pubertal development and may be associated with anosmia or hyposmia, mid-line defect(color blindness, cleft-lip or
Blindness ; Cryptorchidism ; Epiphyses ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Cortex ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

OBJECTIVE: Heat therapy is one of physical therapies used most commonly in chronic osteoarthritis. The therapeutic effects of heat therapy might be attributed to induce heat shock proteins in heat-stimulated cells and tissues and therefore, to inhibit cellular damages due to inflammation. In order to investigate preliminarily the therapeutic effects of heat therapy, Hsp(heat shock protein) 70 expressions by heat stimulation were measured in cultured chondrocytes and knee joint cartilages of rabbits. METHOD: Five rabbits were used in total in this study. Three rabbits were used for chodrocytes culture and two rabbits were in vivo study. Chondrocytes were cultured from knee cartilages of three rabbits and treated at 33degreesC, 37degreesC, and 42degreesC for 20 min. In order to clarify whether heat therapy using ultrasonification can induce Hsp 70 expression in cartilage tissues, right knees of rabbits were heat-stimulated by ultrasonification for 20 min and their left knees were untreated. After 2 hours, cultured chondrocytes and cartilages were prepared and Hsp 70 expression was also observed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Hsp 70 expression was increased 1.48 folds in 42degreesC treated cells compared to in 37degreesC treated cells. The heat-stimulated cartilages showed 1.65 fold increases in Hsp 70 expression compared to the unstimulated cartilages. CONCLUSION: Hsp 70 expressions were increased by heat stimulation in cultured chondrocytes as well as in cartilage issues.
Blotting, Western ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Chondrocytes* ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Inflammation ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits ; Shock

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to compare clinical outcomes in terms of pain relief and recurrence rate between fragmentectomies and conventional microdiscectomies in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: Between January 2008 and May 2011, a total of 175 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of back and radicular pains were recorded before surgery, 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Recurrence was defined when a patient had the same pattern of preoperative symptoms and was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (42.3%) were suitable for fragmentectomy, and 101 patients underwent conventional microdiscectomy. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the fragmentectomy and conventional microdiscectomy groups 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up period, 3 patients (4.05%) in the fragmentectomy group and 7 patients (6.93%) in the conventional microdiscectomy group relapsed. CONCLUSION: If patients are selected according to well-defined criteria, fragmentectomy can be a good surgical option for LDH, in the physiological aspect of preserving healthy intervertebral disc materials.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of occupational mortality in miners exposed to coal mine dust. Although the inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been defined, many studies have shown that inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process in COPD. METHODS: To investigate the relevance of exhaled biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in participants with COPD, we determined the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in 90 retired elderly coal miners (53 non-COPD and 37 COPD participants). RESULTS: Mean levels of MDA (4.64 nM vs. 6.46 nM, p = 0.005) and 3-NT (3.51 nM vs. 5.50 nM, p = 0.039) in EBC were significantly higher in participants with COPD. The median level of MDA did show statistical difference among the COPD severities (p = 0.017), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MDA (0.67) for the diagnostic discrimination of COPD indicated the biomarker. The optimal cutoff values were 5.34 nM (64.9% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity) and 5.58 nM (62.2% sensitivity and 62.3% specificity) for MDA and 3-NT, respectively. The results suggest that high levels of MDA and 3-NT in EBC are associated with COPD in retired elderly miners. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the elevated levels of EBC MDA and EBC 3-NT in individuals with COPD are biomarkers of oxidative or nitrosative stress.
Aged* ; Biomarkers ; Coal* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Dust ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Malondialdehyde* ; Mortality ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; ROC Curve

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy has been widely used for a histologic diagnosis through a transbronchial lung biopsy or for staging of patients with peripheral lung cancer. However a transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) has been used more widely for a histologic diagnosis in patient with a small size nodule or a nodule located in the outer portion of the lung because of the low diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in these cases. The role of bronchoscopy for staging is not well established in patients with peripheral lung cancer diagnosed by a TTNA or patients who are undergoing surgery without a histologic diagnosis. METHOD: To evaluate the role of bronchoscopy for the staging in patients with peripheral lung cancer, who were diagnosed by TTNA, the medical records of 86 patients with peripheral lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy at Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1995 and May 1997 were reviewed. RESULTS: While 53 cases had normal bronchoscopic findings, 33 cases had abnormal bronchoscopic findings comprising 9 cases of tumor, 10 cases of infiltration and 14 cases of compression of which there were 25 cases of T1 and 8 T2 endoscopically. The bronchoscopic staging did not influence the changes of the clinical stage of lung cancer. The frequencies of bronchial involvement tended to increase as the sizes of the nodule increased. Among the 42 patients who underwent surgery, 9 patient staged higher after operation because of lymph node involvement in 8 patients and the involvement of the pulmonary artery in 1 patient. No case staged above after operation due to a bronchial invasion. CONCLUSION: These findings suggests that bronchoscopy is not useful for staging in patients with peripheral lung cancer diagnosed by a TTNA.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Needles ; Pulmonary Artery

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Lacrimal Apparatus*

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS IV) is a hereditary disorder of the connective tissue, characterized by easy bruising, thin skin with visible veins, and spontaneous rupture of the large arteries, uterus, or bowel. EDS IV is caused by mutations of the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1), resulting in insufficient collagen production or a defect in the structure of collagen. EDS IV can have fatal complications such as the rupture of great vessels or organs, which can cause hemorrhaging and sudden unexpected death. Here, we report a case of a 43-year-old female who collapsed after a struggle with a neighbor. In this patient, the bifurcation of the bilateral common iliac artery ruptured, with no evidence of trauma, inflammation, or atherosclerosis. Genetic analysis of COL3A1 showed the presence of a c.2771G>A (p.Gly924Arg) mutation, which may be associated with EDS IV. The forensic pathologist should consider the possibility that the spontaneous visceral or arterial rupture was caused by EDS IV. Genetic analysis is not currently a routine procedure during autopsy. However, in this case, we suggest that the patient possibly had an underlying EDS IV condition, and we recommended family members of the deceased to seek genetic analysis and counseling.
Adult ; Aortic Rupture* ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Autopsy ; Collagen ; Collagen Type III ; Connective Tissue ; Counseling ; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Inflammation ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Skin ; Uterus ; Veins

PURPOSE: Taxol (Paclitaxel) is a new generation of chemotherapeutic drug proven to be effective in the treatment of many cancers. In this study, to further demonstrate the differential effect of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, on the Taxol-induced apoptosis in osteogenic sarcoma cell lines, we used p53-defected SaOS2 cells and wild type p53-expressed U2OS cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell viability was measured by the XTT assay. To examine whether the differential expressions of p53, in U2OS and SaOS2 cells, were associated with Taxol-induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation assays were performed on both cytosolic and genomic DNA. Since the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is primarily responsible for apoptosis, the cleavage of PARP, and the expression of cyclin B1, polo-like kinase, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 in U2OS and SaOS2 cells were compared by Western blot analyses. RESULTS: The cell viability of the p53-defected SaOS2 cells was markedly decreased with Taxol treatment. Whereas, the cell viabilities due to 6-mercaptopurine and adriamycin were no different between the U2OS and SaOS2 cells. Treatment with Taxol induced a ladder- like pattern of DNA fragments, which is a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, consisting of multiples of approximately 180-200 base pairs, in a dose-dependent manner in the SaOS2 cells, but insignificantly with the U2OS cells. When the cells were treated with Taxol, the 89 kDa cleavage product of PARP clearly appeared as a function of time in the SaOS2 cells, but not in the U2OS cells. The Taxol-induced apoptosis in p53 defected-osteogenic sarcoma cells was associated with the PARP cleavage as a result of the increased activity of caspase 3, and the high expressions of cyclin B1 and PLK. Bax, as a proapoptotic factor, was increased in the SaOS2cells, but the Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were decreased when the cells were exposed to 10miceoM Taxol. CONCLUSION: From these results, it was concluded that p53-defected SaOS2 cells are much more sensitive to Taxol-induced apoptosis than p53-expressed U2OS cells.
6-Mercaptopurine ; Apoptosis* ; Base Pairing ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cyclin B1 ; Cytosol ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Doxorubicin ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Osteosarcoma* ; Paclitaxel ; Phosphotransferases ; Sarcoma