Analysis of scars in various conditions is essential, but no consensus had been reached on the scar assessment scale to select for a given condition. We reviewed papers to determine the scar assessment scale selected depending on the scar condition and treatment method. We searched PubMed for articles published since 2000 with the contents of the scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale with a Journal Citation Report impact factor >0.5. Among them, 96 articles that conducted a scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale were reviewed and analyzed. The scar assessment scales were identified and organized by various criteria. Among the types of scar assessment scales, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was found to be the most frequently used scale. As for the assessment of newly developed operative scars, the POSAS was most used. Meanwhile, for categories depending on the treatment methods for preexisting scars, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used in 6 studies following a laser treatment, the POSAS was used in 7 studies following surgical treatment, and the POSAS was used in 7 studies following a conservative treatment. Within the 12 categories of scar status, the VSS showed the highest frequency in 6 categories and the POSAS showed the highest frequency in the other 6 categories. According to our reviews, the POSAS and VSS are the most frequently used scar assessment scales. In the future, an optimal, universal scar scoring system is needed in order to better evaluate and treat pathologic scarring.
Cicatrix* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Keloid ; Methods ; Visual Analog Scale ; Weights and Measures*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

Computerized tomography has been used in the evaluation of the intracranial lesions. Recently the usage of computerized tomography has progressively widened in many fields of clinical practice. In orthopedics computerized tomography has been tried in the diagnosis and the determination of treatment of tumors, spinal disorders, hip disorders and knee problem. Four problem cases in which concentric reduction could not be obtained after closed reduction of hip dislocations were evaluated by computerized tomography from Apr, 1, 1983 to Mar. 31, 1984 in the Capital Armed Forces General Hospital and following conclusiions were obtained: 1. Open reduction revealed that muscles(adductor and pyriformis muscles), joint capsule and osteocartilaginous loose bodies (femoral and acetabular) were interposed to hinder concentric reduction. Large posterior acetabular fragment induced instability and redislocation of the hip. 2. When there were 2-3 mm lack of symmetry of the two femoral heads or any abnormal findings(breakage of Shenton's line etc.) in plain roentgenography, computerized tomography was recommanded, and muscles, osteocartilaginous loose bodies and instability were found. 3. Computerized tomography is an easy simple method and has a great diagnostic value in the evaluation of asymmetry and instability after closed reduction of traumatic hip dislocations.
Acetabulum ; Arm ; Diagnosis ; Head ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip ; Hospitals, General ; Joint Capsule ; Knee ; Methods ; Muscles ; Orthopedics ; Radiography

Conventional abdominoplasty includes the removal of an ellipse-shaped section of abdominal tissue between the umbilicus and mons pubis. However, this method can result in tension of the undermined flap, especially in the midline. To address this problem, we present reverse lip design as a modified method that also has aesthetic advantages. The reverse lip design entails a longer lower flap edge while preserving the triangular tissue in the vascularly stable pubis area. These markings create an image of a reverse lip shape with a cleft at the bottom of the lower markings. After typical lipoabdominoplasty is performed, redundant waist tissues can easily be pulled inward and downward. The reverse lip design abdominoplasty demonstrated no complications and required no further revisions after the procedure. Patients were generally satisfied with the aesthetic improvements in their body shape. They were also able to return to their routine activities approximately 1 week after the operation while wearing a supporting undergarment. This modified abdominoplasty using the reverse lip design reduces low midline tension of the undermined abdominal flap while enhancing body aesthetics with a slimmer waistline, leading to higher patient satisfaction.

We evaluated the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibitory effect of osteoclast differentiation of Brachypodium sylvaticum (BS) to find out the possibility of preventing periodontal disease. The inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) growth by BS and the sustainability of the antibacterial activity was assessed. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cell viability were measured. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and TRAP activity. BS showed significant antibacterial activity and sustainable antibacterial activity in P. gingivalis. We also found out that the BS significantly decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and NO production without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, BS inhibited the differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) obtained from mouse bone marrow cells into osteoclasts without cytotoxicity. Taken together, BS can be a promising candidate for a preventive and improving agent of periodontal disease having antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibitory effects of osteoclast differentiation.

We evaluated the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibitory effect of osteoclast differentiation of Brachypodium sylvaticum (BS) to find out the possibility of preventing periodontal disease. The inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) growth by BS and the sustainability of the antibacterial activity was assessed. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cell viability were measured. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and TRAP activity. BS showed significant antibacterial activity and sustainable antibacterial activity in P. gingivalis. We also found out that the BS significantly decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and NO production without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, BS inhibited the differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) obtained from mouse bone marrow cells into osteoclasts without cytotoxicity. Taken together, BS can be a promising candidate for a preventive and improving agent of periodontal disease having antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibitory effects of osteoclast differentiation.

During the treatment of cancers, especially with anticancer drugs, the recurrence of cancer is the most important factor for survival rate. The most common cause of the recurrence is the resistance of cells to anticancer drugs. To explore and analyze the changes of gene expression during the induction of resistance by anticancer drugs in human osteogenic cancer cell line Saos-2. The drug resistance was induced with adriamycin, cisplatin or vincristine at 10(-7) M concentration of each and cDNA microarray was performed. Total RNA was purified from Saos-2, adriamycin-resistant (Saos-2AdR), cisplatin-resistant (Saos-2CpR) and vincristine-resistant (Saos-2VcR) and expressed genes were investigated with a Affymetrix Human HG-U133Plus2.0 GeneChip(TM). The genes of anticancer drug resistant cells that showed more than 2.5 fold expression change than Saos-2 were selected for differential expression. Four hundred seventeen genes were selected for Saos-2 vs Saos-2AdR. Two thousand five hundred thirty six genes were selected for Saos-2 vs Saos-2CpR. Two hundred twenty five genes were selected for Saos-2 vs Saos-2VcR. Eighty seven genes were selected for common differential expression. The results showed that many genes were changed in expression during the acquiring of resistance to anticancer drugs but most of genes were not in common among the three anticancer durg-resistant Saos-2. This means the different anticancer drug takes the different mechanism for acquiring resistance to anticancer drug even we use same cells.
Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Gene Expression* ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Recurrence ; RNA ; Survival Rate ; Vincristine

The Kallmanns syndrome is the most common form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in which anosmia or hyposmia resulting from agenesis of hypoplasia of the olfactory lobes is associated with LHRH deficiency, This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous and can be trans-mitted as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in absent or incomplete pubertal development and may be associated with anosmia or hyposmia, mid-line defect(color blindness, cleft-lip or
Blindness ; Cryptorchidism ; Epiphyses ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Cortex ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

BACKGROUND: Even though degrees of deformation of microform cleft lip are not high, it has to be corrected with various procedures upon conditions and areas since it has various expressions. Many studies have focused on the classifications and procedures, but there are only a few studies on how much these procedures are performed in the actual field. This study aims to analyze the utilization of various procedures upon major correction points. METHODS: A total of 52 patients who had been corrected by one surgeon from 1995 to 2011 were enrolled as subjects. Based on the medical records, it was checked whether the incision was made or not along with the correction procedures for alar base and philtral column, Cupid's bow, and vermillion free margin. RESULTS: In case of an incision, full incision (42 times) was conducted most frequently. For alar base and philtral column, muscle re-approximation (25 times) was performed most frequently. However, recently, it was shown that excision on only the affected area and correction with dermis were more likely to be used. For Cupid's bow and vermilion free margin, elliptical excision on the only affected area followed by re-approximation was performed most frequently for 46 times (Cupid's bow) and 44 times (vermilion free margin), respectively. CONCLUSION: For the correction of microform cleft lip, less invasive procedures are preferred. However, in the actual field, if needed, aggressive procedures consisting of incisions have been conducted to correction. These trends are somewhat changed to utilization of a simple procedure, such as excision on the modified area, followed by a re-approximation rather than complicated procedures using the muscle.
Cleft Lip ; Dermis ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Microfilming ; Muscles ; Succinates ; Surgical Procedures, Operative