PURPOSE: The aim of this study is that the prevalence of rotavirus infection was evaluated by each group and clinical features of group A, B and C rotaviruses infections were described respectively to compare one with another. METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2010, we enrolled a group of children below 10 years of age admitted for management of acute diarrhea at the Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital. A total of 310 stool samples documented to be free of common bacterial pathogens were collected from children with diarrhea. The presence of group A, B or C rotavirus is indicated by amplification of DNA segments of the expected lengths after the first and second PCRs. RESULTS: In a total of 310 stool specimens, 40 (12.9%) specimens were positive for rotaviruses. These included 23 (7.4%) positive for group A, 5 (1.6%) for group B and 12 (3.9%) for group C rotaviruses. Group B rotavirus infected patients had significantly less diarrheas per day (group A: P=0.01, group C: P=0.01) and shorter duration of vomiting days (group A: P=0.03, group C: P=0.03) than those with group A and C rotaviruses infection respectively. All the group B rotaviruses had been isolated in March and October. Group C rotavirus infections were prevalent during late summer and early winter and peaked in October. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that group B and C rotaviruses are notable causes or the contributing causes of diarrhea among infants and children in Korea.
Child* ; Diarrhea ; DNA ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence* ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Vomiting

Diltiazem(Herben(R)) was orally administered in a daily dose of 180mg over 8 weeks to 15 patients with angina pectoris requiring minimum 5 tablets of nitroglycerin per week. The symptom of angina pectoris was scored according to frequency and character of anginal attacks and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used was recorded during the Diltiazem therapy. We noted significant decrease of the score of anginal attack and the number of nitroglycerin tablets used during the course of Diltiazem therapy. No significant change in blood pressure, heart rate and the product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate was noted during the course of Diltiazem therapy. It is possibel that Diltiazem improved ischemic heart disease by slightly decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and increasing blood flow to the ischemic areas by dilatation of coronary arteries and collateral vessels. There was no abnormal change in laboratory findings during the Diltiazem treatment. These findings suggest that Diltiazem(Herben(R)) is a favorable and safe antianginal agent useful for longterm treatment of anginal pectoris.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Diltiazem ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nitroglycerin ; Oxygen ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Ear*

No abstract available.
Transsexualism*

Computerized tomography has been used in the evaluation of the intracranial lesions. Recently the usage of computerized tomography has progressively widened in many fields of clinical practice. In orthopedics computerized tomography has been tried in the diagnosis and the determination of treatment of tumors, spinal disorders, hip disorders and knee problem. Four problem cases in which concentric reduction could not be obtained after closed reduction of hip dislocations were evaluated by computerized tomography from Apr, 1, 1983 to Mar. 31, 1984 in the Capital Armed Forces General Hospital and following conclusiions were obtained: 1. Open reduction revealed that muscles(adductor and pyriformis muscles), joint capsule and osteocartilaginous loose bodies (femoral and acetabular) were interposed to hinder concentric reduction. Large posterior acetabular fragment induced instability and redislocation of the hip. 2. When there were 2-3 mm lack of symmetry of the two femoral heads or any abnormal findings(breakage of Shenton's line etc.) in plain roentgenography, computerized tomography was recommanded, and muscles, osteocartilaginous loose bodies and instability were found. 3. Computerized tomography is an easy simple method and has a great diagnostic value in the evaluation of asymmetry and instability after closed reduction of traumatic hip dislocations.
Acetabulum ; Arm ; Diagnosis ; Head ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip ; Hospitals, General ; Joint Capsule ; Knee ; Methods ; Muscles ; Orthopedics ; Radiography

Objectives: . Common cavity deformity is a rare congenital bony labyrinth malformation associated with profound hearing loss. Cochlear implants are widely used for hearing rehabilitation for common cavity deformities; however, the reported prognosis is poor. Due to the deformed anatomical structure, it is important to consider the position of the electrodes to maximize the performance of the cochlear implant. The present study discusses the impact of electrode placement on hearing outcomes. Methods: . A retrospective medical chart review of eight common cavity deformity patients (10 cochlear implants) who received cochlear implants was performed at a single university hospital. In all eight patients, implant surgery was performed using single-slit labyrinthotomy. Electrodes wer e manually bent before insertion to prevent misplacement and to reduce physical damage to the neuroepithelium. Results: . Four of the 10 electrodes were misplaced, with their tips placed in the anterior semicircular canal or internal auditory canal. However, after implant surgery, all patients—including those with misplaced electrodes—gained auditory perception and improved hearing function. One patient who had electrodes that did not contact the inner wall of the cavity showed limited activity of the electrodes (27%) compared to others (64%–100%). Conclusion . Proper contact of the electrode with the inner wall was more likely to be important for cochlear implant success in cases of common cavity deformity than appropriate placement of the electrode tip.

INTRODUCTION: There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between sleep and suicidality. In addition, suicidal patients habitually report their sleep problems. Although sleep-related complaints and electroencephalographic changes are generally encountered in psychiatric disorders, sleep complaints such as insomnia, hypersomnia and nightmares are more common in suicidal patients. In current study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and suicidality in general population. METHODS: One thousand general population (male : female=500 : 500, mean age=39.6+/-11.6 years, ranged age=20-77 years) completed Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D), Beck Suicide Intent scale (BSI), Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MES) and brief questionnaire of sleep habits. RESULTS: After controlling for age and sex, score of BSI was correlated positively with the score of CES-D, STAXI and BIS on partial correlation analysis (r(p)=0.251 ; p<0.001, r(p)=0.352 ; p<0.001, and r(p)=0.175 ; p<0.001, respectively). In addition, score of BSI was inversely correlated with the score of MES (r(p)=-0.066; p=0.037). However, score of BSI showed no significant correlation with sleep duration. However, regression analysis revealed that short (<6 hrs) or long (>10 hrs) sleep duration, the family history of psychiatric illness, the score of CES-D, and the score of STAXI predicted higher score of BSI significantly in total subjects (F=17.837, adjusted R2 =0.166 ; p=0.003, p=0.003, p<0.001, and p=0.003, respectively). This model was explained better in depressed subjects with 16 or higher score of CES-D (F=9.920, adjusted R2=0.298). CONCLUSION: Current result suggested that not only short sleep duration (<6 hrs) but also long sleep duration (>10 hrs) might be related to suicidality.
Anger ; Depression ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Dreams ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Suicide

This retrospective study comprised of 141 patients with zygoma fracture caused by various types of accidents and treated in the department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital during past 10 years from April, 1986 to March, 1996. The medical records of these 141 patients were reviewed and analysed retrospectively in order to obtain the annual variation of clinical pattern of zygomatic bone fracture and to help understand change of therapeutic tendency during 10 years in our hospital. The statistical items were the age, sex, distribution of cause, fracture sites, diagnostic method, the accompanied facial bone injury, intervals between onset of accident and time of operation, and the approach methods with fixation materials. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean age of patients was 33.6 years, and age range was 3 to 75 years. Most injuries occurred in young male with the highest incidence in the third decade of life. Male predominated more than female in the ratio of 4:1. Annual variation was not observed. 2. Traffic accident(47.5%) was the most common cause of injuries and incidence has been increased since 1993. Relative incidence of assault has been increased since 1994. Otherwise, incidence of industrial accident has been decreased since 1993. 3. The most common anatomical site of the zygomatic bone fracture was group III type fracture(44%) in Knight and North Classification. According to Larsen and Thomsen classification, type B(predicted unstable fracture : 68.1%) was the most common. Annual variation was not observed. 4. Associated facial bone fractures were mainly maxillary fracture followed by nasal, panfacial and blow-out(in odder of frequency). And head injury was the most common non-maxiilofacial bone injury accompanying zygomatic bone fracture. Annual variation was not observed. 5. The most prevalent time interval between onset and surgical intervention was within seven days and the most prevalent time interval between surgical intervention and discharge was within 2-3 weeks. 6. Open reduction was used for 75.1% of total cases. The most common reduction approach incision of the zygomatic bone fracture was bicoronal approach in conjunction with subciliary incision that had been mainly used since 1991 and the most common fixation material used was microplate and screw that had been used since 1989.
Accidents, Occupational ; Busan ; Classification ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Maxillary Fractures ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Zygoma

PURPOSE: To compare the refractive measurements obtained using a photorefractor (PlusoptiX S09, PlusoptiX GmbH, Germany) with those obtained using cycloplegic refraction in children. METHODS: We assessed the refractive status of 268 eyes in 134 children. The values acquired via photorefraction with a PlusoptiX S09 device were compared with those obtained by cycloplegic retinoscopy. Hyperopia (> or =+3.5 D), myopia (> or =-3.0 D), with the rule or against the rule astigmatism (> or =-1.5 D), and oblique astigmatism (> or =-1.0 D) were set as diagnostic criteria for refractive amblyopia risk factors (RARFs). The difference in the detection of RARFs by the two methods was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: The average spherical refractive power was -0.81 +/- 1.68 D for PlusoptiX S09 versus -0.26 +/- 2.00 D for cycloplegic retinoscopy (average difference -0.54 +/- 0.61 D; p < 0.001). The average spherical equivalent was -1.20 +/- 1.62 D for PlusoptiX S09 versus -0.64 +/- 1.94 D for cycloplegic retinoscopy (average difference -0.56 +/- 0.62 D; p < 0.001). The average cylinder power was -0.79 +/- 0.93 D for PlusoptiX S09 versus -0.76 +/- 0.94 D for cycloplegic retinoscopy (average difference -0.03 +/- 0.33 D; p = 0.135). Even though cycloplegic retinoscopy is considered the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting RARFs with the PlusoptiX S09 were 88.0% and 96.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PlusoptiX S09 is a relatively useful method for detecting RARFs, but the device tends toward myopic shift compared to cycloplegic refraction, and hyperopia is underestimated.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism ; Child* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retinoscopy ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVES: Working at other times than the regular day shift has been reported to be a stressor associated with health consequences and mental disorders as well as disturbance of sleep. In current study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between work schedule, sleep quality and depression among police officers. METHODS: Eleven hundreds and forty five police officers (male:1040, female:105) completed questionnaires of basic socio-demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Korean Scale of Occupational Stress (KOSS), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D). RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex and educational level, score of CES-D was correlated positively with the score of KOSS, PSQI and IES-R on partial correlation analysis (r=-0.077;p=0.009, r=0.262;p<0.000 and r=0.421, p<0.000, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, age, the score of KOSS and IES-R and schedule of rotating shift work predicted higher score than 16 score of CES-D significantly in total subjects (p=0.023, p=0.015, p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: Current result suggested that not only female sex, age, higher occupational stress and impact of event scale but also rotating shift work schedule might be related to depression among police officers.
Appointments and Schedules ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Disorders ; Police ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors