2.Postoperative Follow-up of Early Gastric Cancer.
Seong Ho KONG ; Han Kwang YANG
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2010;53(4):324-330
Since early gastric cancer (EGC) patients show an excellent surgical outcome and a long-term survival rate, the purpose and methods of postoperative follow-up need to be reconsidered. The recurrence rate after surgery is less than 2% in EGC. The mode of recurrence is diverse, of which hematogeous metastasis being most frequently encountered. Post-gastrectomy patients have a risk of nutritional deficiency and more chances to develop remnant gastric tumor or secondary tumor than normal population. Based on the pattern and developmental time span of recurrence, postoperative follow-up program for EGC should not be different from that for advanced gastric cancer. Most Korean doctors' post-operative follow-up with the patients range up to 5 years with an interval of 4 to 6 months. Gastroscopy, CT, and tumor markers are used for follow-up by more than 50% of doctors. Due to the increased rate of long-term survival, follow-up program should include assessment of functional aspect and nutritional well-being of the patients. Epidemiological studies for the long-term survivors and specialized strategies need to be developed for management of postgastrectomy cancer patients. Although early detection of recurrence is the primary goal of post-operative follow-up, postgastrectomy patients should be recognized as a risk group in terms of nutritional and medical problems on a life-long basis, and long-term management strategy should be developed.
Biomarkers, Tumor
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Gastroscopy
;
Humans
;
Malnutrition
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Recurrence
;
Stomach Neoplasms
;
Survival Rate
;
Survivors
3.Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 on Expressions of Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-alpha in DU145 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells.
Ki Yong SHIN ; Gu KONG ; Ho Seong CHOI ; Jong Jin LEE ; Tchun Yong LEE
Korean Journal of Urology 2001;42(1):40-46
PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify the possible mechanism of insensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated growth inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DU145 cells were treated with 4, 40, 100 pM TGF-beta1 for 3, 6, 9 days. Initially we performed the growth assay. After that, we analysed the change of cell cycle using fluorescence flow cytometry. At each time point, Western blot analysis with cell pellets was performed to investigate the change of expressions of epidermal growth factor(EGF), TGF-alpha, EGF receptor(EGFR) and TGF receptorII(TbetaR-II) proteins. RESULTS: The growth rate of TGF-beta1-treated cells was initially suppressed, but over time returned to control level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TGF-beta1-treated cells showed an increase in apoptotic/G1 phases, and concurrent decrease in S, G2/M phases until 6days. On day 9, however, TGF-beta1-treated cells showed a persistent increase of apoptotic unclei in spite of recovery of apoptotic/G1, S and G2/M phases. Western blot analysis showed that the intensity of EGF or TGF-alpha band decreased in dose-sependent manner on day 6. However, the intensity of each band increased up to the control level on day 9. the expression of EGFR or TbetaR-II protein did not change after treatment of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha sould mediate in part the escape fron the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in DU145 cells.
Blotting, Western
;
Cell Cycle
;
Epidermal Growth Factor*
;
Flow Cytometry
;
Fluorescence
;
Prostate*
;
Prostatic Neoplasms*
;
Transforming Growth Factor alpha
;
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
;
Transforming Growth Factors
;
United Nations
4.Does the " Curare Cleft " on the Capnogram always mean that the Patient is in Need of Relaxant ?.
Seong Ho CHANG ; Myeong Hoon KONG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1992;25(1):184-186
A fifty-eight years old male patient was given general anesthesia for the clipping of aneurysm on the posterior communicating artery. The respiration of the patient was controlled with Ohmeda 7000 anesthesia ventilator. During the surgery there appeared curare cleft on the capnogram which did not disappear after the administration of neuromuscular blocker, but disappeared after the change of the anesthesia ventilator with another one. After that another curare cleft was made by the transient obstruction of the outlet of the excess patient circuit gas of the new anesthesia ventilator. It may be said that inappropriately functioning pop-off valve of the anesthesia ventilator can be one of the causes of curare cleft on the capnogram.
Anesthesia
;
Anesthesia, General
;
Aneurysm
;
Arteries
;
Curare*
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Neuromuscular Blockade
;
Respiration
;
Ventilators, Mechanical
5.A Case of Congenital Systemic Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease.
Kong Sik KIM ; Eun Young KWAK ; Ho Seong YOO ; Sang Gi PARK ; Young Bong PARK
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1990;33(2):220-224
No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*
6.A Case of Semicircular Lipoatrophy.
Sook Hyun KONG ; Jun Young SEONG ; Seok Hyun HAN ; Yu Sung CHOI ; Ho Seok SUH
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2017;55(1):70-71
No abstract available.
8.A Comparative Study of Inhalation Agent and Midazolam during Tracheal Intubation Using Nondepolaring N - M Blocker for The Anesthetic Induction.
Myoung Hoon KONG ; Byoung Kuk CHAE ; Seong Ho CHANG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1993;26(6):1120-1126
Because of various complicatins it's a trend to use non-depolarizing N-M blocker for the intubation, but oneset of action is delayed. So inhalation anesthetics are administered by mask until the onset time of action of N-M blocker which may cause pollution in operating room and it is possible for operating room personnel to bring up serious health problems. So, we used midazolam as adjuvant to induce general anesthesia and compared it with inhalation anesthetics for cardiovascular responses. Group E was given pentothal sodium 5mg/kg and inhaled 2% enflurane, group MP given midazolam O.lmg/kg and pentothal sodium 3mg/kg, and group M given only midazolam 0.3 mg/kg. As a N-M blocker O.lmg/kg of vecuronium bromide was given to all groups for endotracheal intubation. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate in each group. 2. Recovery time of consciousness at the end of anesthesia was longer in groups given midazolam. 3. The ratio of the patients who became asleep after the administration of O.lmg/kg of midazolam was 20% and 100% of patients became asleep with 0.3mg/kg of midazolam.
Anesthesia
;
Anesthesia, General
;
Anesthetics, Inhalation
;
Blood Pressure
;
Consciousness
;
Enflurane
;
Heart Rate
;
Humans
;
Inhalation*
;
Intubation*
;
Intubation, Intratracheal
;
Masks
;
Midazolam*
;
Operating Rooms
;
Sodium
;
Thiopental
;
Vecuronium Bromide
9.The Effect of Desflurane on Myocardial Contractility and Coronary Flow in Isolated Rat Hearts.
Mi Gyeong LEE ; You Seong JEONG ; Myoung Hoon KONG ; Suk Min YOON ; Young Seok CHOI ; Sang Ho LIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1998;35(5):825-830
Background: Desflurane, a fluorinated methyl-ethyl ether, has some advantageous properties including low blood solubility, stability in soda lime, and resistance to biodegradation. Desflurane in vivo has demonstrated myocardial depressant property. The purpose of this study was to test the direct effects of desflurane on myocardial contractile function and coronary flow in the isolated heart. Methods: Twelve isolated rat hearts were continuously perfused with modified Krebs solution containing 6, 9 and 12 vol% of desflurane for 10 min at each concentration. Systolic left ventricular pressure and rate of change of ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were measured. Heart rate and coronary flow were also measured. To differentiate direct vasodilatory effect of desflurane from an indirect metabolic effect due to autoregulation of coronary flow, oxygen delivery, myocardial oxygen consumption and percent oxygen extraction were calculated. Results: Heart rate (control 266+/-22 beats/min) decreased to 250+/-23 beats/min at 6 vol%, 236+/-26 beats/min at 9 vol% and 223+/-22 beats/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Systolic left ventricular pressure and dp/dt decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In spite of decrement of myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary flow (control 12.0+/-1.2 ml/min) increased to 12.8+/-1.6 ml/min at 6 vol%, 12.9+/-1.6 ml/min at 9 vol% and 13.7+/-1.4 ml/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Oxygen delivery increased proportionally with coronary flow. Percent oxygen extraction decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that desflurane has a direct myocardial depressing and coronary vasodilating effect in a concentration-dependent manner.
Animals
;
Ether
;
Heart Rate
;
Heart*
;
Homeostasis
;
Oxygen
;
Oxygen Consumption
;
Rats*
;
Solubility
;
Ventricular Pressure
10.Surgical Treatment of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.
Seong Ho KONG ; Han Kwang YANG
Journal of Gastric Cancer 2013;13(1):3-18
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and is most frequently developed in the stomach in the form of submucosal tumor. The incidence of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is estimated to be as high as 25% of the population when all small and asymptomatic tumors are included. Because gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor is not completely distinguished from other submucosal tumors, a surgical excisional biopsy is recommended for tumors >2 cm. The surgical principles of gastrointestinal stromal tumor are composed of an R0 resection with a normal mucosa margin, no systemic lymph node dissection, and avoidance of perforation, which results in peritoneal seeding even in cases with otherwise low risk profiles. Laparoscopic surgery has been indicated for gastrointestinal stromal tumors <5 cm, and the indication for laparoscopic surgery is expanded to larger tumors if the above mentioned surgical principles can be maintained. A simple exogastric resection and various transgastric resection techniques are used for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in favorable locations (the fundus, body, greater curvature side). For a lesion at the gastroesophageal junction in the posterior wall of the stomach, enucleation techniques have been tried preserve the organ's function. Those methods have a theoretical risk of seeding a ruptured tumor, but this risk has not been evaluated by well-designed clinical trials. While some clinical trials are still on-going, neoadjuvant imatinib is suggested when marginally unresectable or multiorgan resection is anticipated to reduce the extent of surgery and the chance of incomplete resection, rupture or bleeding.
Benzamides
;
Biopsy
;
Esophagogastric Junction
;
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
;
Gastrointestinal Tract
;
Hemorrhage
;
Incidence
;
Laparoscopy
;
Lymph Node Excision
;
Mucous Membrane
;
Neoadjuvant Therapy
;
Piperazines
;
Pyrimidines
;
Rupture
;
Seeds
;
Stomach
;
Imatinib Mesylate