No abstract available.
Child* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disease in childhood and it causes not only mental retardation but also growth retardation. There were many papers about evaluation of developmental outcome in congenital hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth outcome in congenital hypothyroidism. We evaluated 65 patients with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed at Yonsei University College of Medicine. The results were summerized as follows; 1) The Male to female ratio was 1:1.4 2) Among the 65 patients, under 1 year of age with 16 cases (24.6%), 1~4 years with 19 cases (29.2%), 5~10 years with 22 cases (33.8%), above 10 years with 8 cases (12.3%). 3) Among the 65 patients, 30 cases (46%) had ectopic thyroid, 18 cases (28%) had dyshormonogeneses, 10 cases (15%) had hypoplasia and 7 cases (11%) had aplasia. 4) At the initial diagnosis, all the patients showed decreased T3, T4 and increased TSH level. 5) Before treatment, bone age and height age were delayed but they were normalized after treatment. 6) There was correlation between age of initial treatment and current height percentile. 7) There was significant correlation between initial T3 level and height age delay. 8) In the 4 cases who were diagnosed and treated before the age of 4, final adult height would be achieved within normal range. In conclusion, delayed growth due to congenital hypothyroidism would be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the recognition of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized.
Adult ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Reference Values ; Thyroid Dysgenesis

Currarino triadis a unique malformation complex of congenital caudal anormalies, including anorectal malformatio (anal stenosis, anal ectopis, imperforated anus), sacral bony abnormality (scimitar or crescentic bony defect, malsegmentation) and presacral mass (meningocele, teratoma, enteric cyst or any combination of these). This triad is familial in at least half of cases and the usual symptomatology is constipation due to anorectal stenosis. The embryogenesis is presumably due to abnormal separation of the neuroectoderm from the endoderm, so this triad is in the spectrum of the split notochord syndrome. We report a case of Currarino triad in 5-month-old female patient who had chronic constipation and abdominal distention with brief review of the related literatures.
Constipation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Embryonic Development ; Endoderm ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Neural Plate ; Notochord ; Pregnancy ; Teratoma

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary

The effects of testosterone on the pituitary growth hormone (GH) response directly and to hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were evaluated in vitro using a male pituitary cell monolayer culture system. Wistar male rats were gonadectomized at 22 days of age, and 21 days later their anterior pituitaries were removed and trypsinized for cell dispersion. Testosterone 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 nM was added to the medium for 1 day and GH amounts in media were measured. In another experiment, testosterone 1, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10,0 nM was added to the medioum for 3 days, and subsequently 5 nM GHRH was added for 1 day, thereafter GH amounts in media were measured. The results were as follows: 1) The increase of GH response after testosterone administration to the cultured rat pituitary cell was not significant. 2) The rat pituitary cell response to GHRH was augmented after pretreatment with testosterone. These results are suggested that testosterone has no direct effect on GH secretion, but by increasing the pituitary cell response to GHRH, contributes to the regulation of GH secretion in vitro.
Animals ; Growth Hormone* ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Male ; Rats* ; Testosterone* ; Trypsin

PURPOSE: Infrared thermometers are increasingly used as a convenient, non-invasive assessment method for febrile children. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the infrared thermometer for children has been questioned, particularly in relation to sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermometers in febrile children. METHODS: Articles published between 1966 and 2012 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, KoreaMed, NDSL, KERIS and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'infrared thermometer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. RESULTS: Nineteen diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 4,304 children, were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (Area Under the Curve) of infrared tympanic thermometers in children over 1 year were 0.80 (95% CI 0.78, 0.81), 0.94 (95% CI 0.93, 0.95) and 0.95 respectively. However the diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers in children with hyperthermia was low. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometer was similar to axillary and rectal thermometers indicating a need for further research to substantiate these findings in children with hyperthermia.
Adolescent ; Area Under Curve ; Body Temperature ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Fever/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infrared Rays ; Odds Ratio ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thermometers/*standards

Obesity is associated with an impairment of the growth hormone secretion elicited by all stimuli known to date, but the basic mechanism of the alteration is unknown to date, but the basic mechanism of this alteration is unknown. To determine whether obesity is associated with a chronic state of tonic somatostatin secretion, several tests with growth hormone stimuli such as GHRH(1 microgram/kg), clonidine(150 microgram/m(2))and Regular insulin (0.1U/kg, subcutaneously), to obese subjects and normal control with or without pyridostigmine were undertaken, and the Somatomedin-c levels were measured in both obese subjects and matched controls. 1) The peak GH levels and AUC-GH after administration of GHRH, Clonidine or Regular insulin in obese group is less than those in control group. 2) Pretreatment with pyridostigmine increased the peak GH levels and AUC-GH significantly in obese group but the absolute values are less than those of normal group. 3) The Somatomedin-c levels are significantly higher in obese group than control. Our results lend support to the view that chronically high level of somatostatin decreases the responsiveness to GHRH and secretion itself.
Child* ; Clonidine ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Obesity* ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Somatostatin

PURPOSE: The Braden Scale is one of the most intensively studied risk assessment scales used in identifying the risk of developing pressure sore. However, not all studies show that the predictive validity of this scale is sufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer development. METHODS: Articles published 1946 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'pressure ulcer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. RESULTS: Thirty-eight diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 17,934 patients, were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Braden Scale were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74-0.76) respectively. However the predictive validity of the Braden Scale has limitation because there was high heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION: The Braden Scale's predictive validity of risk for pressure ulcer is interpreted as at a moderate level. However there is a limitation to the interpretation of the results, because of high heterogeneity among the studies.
Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis/*pathology ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; *Severity of Illness Index

No abstract available.
Histamine* ; Pruritus*