No abstract available.
Audiometry*

There is increasing evidence that genes encoding for signal transduction pathway, including ras and epidermal growth factor receptor( EGFR), are involved not only in normal cellular growth and differentiation but also in development and progression of malignant tumors. N-butyl-N- (4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced rat bladder tumor is an ideal model to study the time related gene expression in stepwise bladder epithelial carcinogenesis. We herein investigated the roles of ras and EGFR by immunohistochemical study in bladder tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats after administration of BBN. Sequential epithelial changes consisting of normal, simple hyperplasia, nodular or papillary hyperplasia, papilloma and superficial transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) were observed in rat bladders in parallel with the duration of BBN administration. The expressions of both ras and EGFR were weak in bladder epithelia of non-BBN-administered rats, whereas, immunoreactivity and number of reactive cell layer were increased in bladder epithelia of BBN-administered rats in parallel with the duration of BBN administration and progression of bladder epithelial changes. These results further support the hypothesis that ras and EGFR may have important roles in development of bladder TCC.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Gene Expression ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Signal Transduction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem of children during sleeping at preschool or school age. It may affect negatively the psychosocial development of children. Children with enuresis may have lower self-esteem and lower quality of life. There are three main factors of the pathophysiology of enuresis: high nocturnal urine production, nocturnal low bladder capacity or increased detrusor muscle activity, and arousal disorder. As pharmacological therapy for nocturnal enuresis, several medications including desmopressin, anticholinergics, imipramine have been used for a long time. As first-line therapy, desmopressin combined with anticholinergics has good response in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Because imipramine has serious and lethal cardiotoxic effect with overdosage, imipramine should be prescribed after EKG to rule out the conduction problem of heart.
Arousal ; Child ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Electrocardiography ; Enuresis ; Heart ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Mucous Membrane* ; Muramidase* ; Turbinates*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

SUMMARY: Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the knee is a very rare entity. We report on one case of benign fibrous histiocytoma that involved the patellar fat pad, an areas of involvement not previously reported. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed to show retrobulging of infrapatellar fat pad without specific synovial changes. The lesion was completely resected. At short-term follow-up, all symptoms were resolved. Arthroscopy can be used as an diagnostic tool for identification of intraarticular lesions of the knee, but appears not to be a good tool for clean removal of mass within patellar fat pad.
Adipose Tissue* ; Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Knee

A 2-year-old girl had 2-month history of both secretory otitis media . Nine weeks after the first visit, physical examination revealed a whitish mass behind the intact right tympanic membrane. A CT study showed absence of the right foramen spinosum. The right ICA had an aberrant course running laterally in the middle ear cavity with ossesous canal. The soft tissue density in the normal location of the tympanic segment of facial nerve was markedly enlarged. A diagnosis of aberrant ICA and persistent stapedial artery was made. Vascular mass in the middle ear space are very uncommon. They continue to present a diagnostic problem, as the clinical symptoms and signs are often nonspecific and require radiological investigation to distinguish between glomus tumors, other vascular tumors, a dehiscent jugular bulb and an aberrant internal carotid artery. In approximately one per cent of the population, a dehiscent ICA canal is present and can result in the passing of an aberrant ICA through the middle ear space. The persistent stapedial artery is a rare congenital vascular anomaly that may present as a pulsatile middle ear mass or that may appear as an incidental finding. It is important for the otologist to be aware of this anomaly, as a misdiagnosis can have catastrophic consequences.
Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Physical Examination ; Running ; Tympanic Membrane

Thirty-two male and twenty-five female pediatric patients who were diagnosed as postoperative pulmonary atelectasis were evaluated. The causes of postoperative atelectasis were secretion in the airway (94.7%) and aspiration (5.3%). The locations of postoperative atelectasis were right upper (54. 4%), left upper (19.3%), left lower (12.3%), right middle (8.7%) and right lower (5.3%) lobe in order. In thirty-three (57.9%) of the total 57 patients, atelectasis was occurred on the 2nd postoperative day. After application of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) three times a day, more than half of the patients showed normal expanded lung and the majority of the patients except one were completely recovered in 6 days postparatively. Arterial blood gases were not significantly different before and after IPV, but alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) decreased from 160+/-16 mmHg before IPV to 114+/-16 mmHg after IPV.
Female ; Gases ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Atelectasis* ; Ventilation*

Lipoma arborescens is a rare intra articular lesion consisting of a villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovial lining and occurs mainly in the knee joint. It is mostly found in older patients with joint trauma, meniscal lesions or chronic synovitis. The authors describe one case of a 29-year-old male with multiple lipomas in the right knee joint who has a history of joint trauma. He had joint effusion, pain, giving way and restricted terminal extension of the right knee. Histology and gross findings are consistent with the lipoma arborescens. After arthroscopic excision of the masses, symptom was relieved completely and the patient had gained full range of motion of the right knee joint.
Adult ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Synovitis

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the anesthetic approach using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The aim of this study was to compare between the two anesthetic techniques for preventing PONV in the patients undergoing mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, 62 patients aged between 20 to 60 years undergoing elective mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty were randomized into two equal study groups: group P/R (n = 31) included patients undergoing TIVA with propofol and remifentanil, and group S/R (n = 31) included patients undergoing balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil. The incidences of PONV and complete response (no PONV, no rescue) were assessed at 1 and 24 h after surgery, using the Rhodes Index. Also, the usage of rescue antiemetics and pain intensity were recorded. RESULTS: The Rhodes Index including the occurrence score, distress score and experience score was significantly lower in the P/R group compared to that in the S/R group during the study period (P < 0.05), and the incidence of complete response was significantly higher in the P/R group compared to that in the S/R group, during the first 24 h after surgery. 4 patients in the S/R group requested antiemetics during the first 1 h after surgery. There were no significant differences in pain intensity among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil, TIVA with propofol and remifentanil was followed by significantly lower incidence and severity of PONV.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Antiemetics ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Informed Consent ; Methyl Ethers ; Piperidines ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol ; Tympanoplasty