In a series of 20 young rats, three cortical lesions were made in each hemisphere. Two of these lesions were filled with avitene and gelfoam, while the third was left empty as a control. The animals were killed successively on weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the operation. The results were as follows : 1) Although there was no difference in the type of tissue reactions, avitene was more rapid and profound than gelfoam in the process and degree of inflammatory reaction at the same periods. 2) Avitene biodegradaded more rapidly than gelfoam. 3) The extent of fibrosis and adhesion to the surrounding brain tissues were not grossly different between these two agents but more profound histopathologically in avitene at the same periods. With these results, we could conclude that the avitene was superior to the gelfoam as the hemostatic agent in neurosurgical area.
Animals ; Brain* ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Rats

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene product identified in a wide range of tumor including colorectal carcinoma. Genetic alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are common in human colorectal carcinoma. bcl-2 is a protooncogene that inhibits apoptosis. The products of mutant p53 gene and bcl-2 have been associated with prognosis in several malignancies including colorectal carcinomas. This study was undertaken to evaluate values of p53 and bcl-2 oncoproteins as prognostic factors relative to clinicopathological factors and correlation of their expression. Analyses were made on achieval pathologic tissues of 80 patients with colorectal carcinomas including 34 patients able to follow-up over 5 years. The oncoproteins were localized using commercially available monoclonal antibodies:DO-7 for p53, clone124 for bcl-2. Expression of bcl-2 was cytoplasmic, whereas nuclear p53 expression was localized in carcinoma cells. The patients were 17 to 83 years of age. The expression of p53 and bcl-2 was determined respectively in 30 (37.5%) and 21 (26.3%)cases. The expression of p53 nuclear expression was not correlated with tumor location, size, histologic grade, Duke's classification, regional lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence. The cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 was not correlated with tumor location, size, histologic grade, Duke's classification, regional lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Univariate analysis showed that patients with p53 nuclear expression were not associated with poorer overall survival than patients with p53 negative, and also showed in patients with bcl-2 expression. The expression of p53 did not affect to that of bcl-2. We concluded that the p53 nuclear and bcl-2 cytoplasmic expression were not independent prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas. Evidence of reciprocity of bcl-2 and p53 expression was not found.
Apoptosis ; Classification ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Cytoplasm ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogene Proteins ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Hemangiopericytoma was first described by Stout & Murray in 1942 and was an uncommon soft tissue tumor thought to be derived from vascular pericytes. Approximately 10-15% of the cases occur in children have a propensity to develop in the region of head, neck and lower extremities. We experienced a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel in a male neonate who showed vomiting and abdorninal distension. We reported a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel with brief review of related literature.
Child ; Head ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestine, Small ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Pericytes ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic colpocystodefecography in patients with a pelvic organ prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 63 patients, with or without stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, who visited our hospital between April 2002 and July 2003, were studied. All patients were available for physical examination and dynamic colpocystodefecography. The patient was seated on a radiolucent commode, which was upright on the end of a vertically oriented x-ray table. Deliberate efforts were made to ensure privacy. Fluoroscopic images were taken during resting, squeezing, Valsalva effort, voiding and defecation. RESULTS: On physical examination, cystocele, rectocele and rectal intussusception were revealed in 26 (36%), 20 (31%) and 7 cases (11%), respectively. On dynamic colpocystodefecography, cystocele, rectocele and rectal intussusception were revealed in 44 (69%), 32 (50%) and 15 cases (24%), respectively. Compared with the physical examination, 18 cases of cystocele, 12 of rectocele and 8 of rectal intussusception were newly found through dynamic colpocystodefecography. Enterocele and sigmoidocele were not found in the physical examination, but only found through dynamic colpocystodefecography in 4 and 5 cases, respectively. The degree of prolapse was more severe during defecation than voiding. CONCLUSIONS: Not all the pelvic organ prolapses were detected on physical examination. Radiological evaluation is necessary for a more accurate detection of a pelvic organ prolapse. Dynamic colpocystodefecography has the advantages of it's ability to be performed for physiological defecation and voiding status, as well as imaging of dynamic pelvic organ structures.
Cystocele ; Defecation ; Defecography ; Hernia ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse* ; Physical Examination ; Privacy ; Prolapse ; Rectocele ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: Serratia marcescens proliferates well in a humid environment or soil and is recently considered as an important pathogen for the severe nosocomial infections. this organism is spreads easily by hand-to-hand transmission, and contaminates medical equipment used for invasive procedures, working environment, medications, and soap. METHODS: We investigated the source of an outbreak of bloodstream infections by S. marcescens isolated that occurred during the period from July to December, 2004, at a university hospital in Gyeonggi Province and attempted to intervene in the outbreak and control it. RESULTS: From July to December, 2004, S. marcescens grew from 296 blood culture from 283 patients. The medical charts of the patients were reviewed, and surveillance cultures were taken to identify the outbreak of nosocomial infections and risk factors. Only four cases of infection were identified and all remaining positive blood cultures were due to contamination. Nine isolates randomly selected from the 296 S. marcescens showed an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. To identify the source of infection, environmental culture and hand cultures of the related medical workers were carried out, but S. marcescens was not isolated. CONCLUSION: As the result of aggressive infection control activities, such as re-education on environmental management methods, hand washing techniques, and blood culture sampling techniques, no more S. marcescens had been grown in blood culture since January, 2005.
Cross Infection ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Risk Factors ; Serratia marcescens ; Serratia* ; Soaps ; Soil

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem of children during sleeping at preschool or school age. It may affect negatively the psychosocial development of children. Children with enuresis may have lower self-esteem and lower quality of life. There are three main factors of the pathophysiology of enuresis: high nocturnal urine production, nocturnal low bladder capacity or increased detrusor muscle activity, and arousal disorder. As pharmacological therapy for nocturnal enuresis, several medications including desmopressin, anticholinergics, imipramine have been used for a long time. As first-line therapy, desmopressin combined with anticholinergics has good response in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Because imipramine has serious and lethal cardiotoxic effect with overdosage, imipramine should be prescribed after EKG to rule out the conduction problem of heart.
Arousal ; Child ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Electrocardiography ; Enuresis ; Heart ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of corneal endothelial cell following acute angle closure glaucoma attack, the central endothelial cell between the affected and the fellow eye was compared. METHODS: Twelve patients with uniocular acute angle closure glaucoma were enrolled. After acute attacks were resolved with medical treatment, 12 affected and 12 fellow eyes received laser peripheral iridotomy. The central endothelial cell counts of the affected and the fellow eyes were measured with specular microscope. RESULTS: While the mean central endothelial cell count of the affected eye was 1758.67+/-794.33 cells/mm2, that of the fellow eye was 2727.17+/-355.20 cells/mm2. The average difference of endothelial cell count between the affected and the fellow eye was 968.5 cells/mm2. It showed a mean decrease in cell density of 35.51% (p=0.000). There was a clear correlation between the duration of elevated pressure and the number of central corneal endothelial cells lost (p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Even if the intraocular pressure was well controlled after acute angle closure glaucoma attack, the endothelial cell count of cornea can be decreased. Therefore, if acute angle closure glaucoma attack occurs, intraocular pressure should be reduced immediately. If the eye attacked by acute angle closure glaucoma is to have intraocular surgery, there clearly needs to be care not to injure the endothelium and measure the endothelial cell count preoperatively.
Cell Count ; Cornea ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure

No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis*

Since the World Health Organization has officially declared a global influenza pandemic, the number of human cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in 2009 has been increasing in many countries. Especially from mid-October, the number of domestic cases of influenza A (H1N1) has been exponentially increasing, with the number of confirmed cases reaching over 100,000. The clinical symptoms of novel influenza A (H1N1) include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, myalgia, headache, chills and fatigue. Nucleic acid amplification tests, including real time RT-PCR assay specific for 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) can be used in the patients with suspected influenza. Antiviral treatment by using neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) is recommended by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for treatment of novel influenza A (H1N1) disease. Personal and public efforts to control the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) disease are required. Vaccination against pandemic H1N1 is important for personal health, but also to build community-level immunity to novel influenza A.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chills ; Cough ; Fatigue ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Neuraminidase ; Nose ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Oseltamivir ; Pandemics ; Pharyngitis ; Vaccination ; World Health Organization ; Zanamivir