This study was performed to evaluate the effect of topical and intravenous heparin on thrombosis and patency in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins. Nine white rabbits weighing about 2kg were used. After exposure of both femoral veins, the veins were crushed by the jaws of smooth needle holder in order to create a thrombosis model. Transectional incision was made in the vein. The animals were then divided into 3 groups based on the administration method of heparin: 1) Experimental Group I, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution (n=6); 2) Experimental Group 2, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution and intravenous injection of heparin (0.75 mg/kg) via the marginal ear vein for 3 days; 3) Control Group, topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution (n=6). The patency was evaluated with empty-and-refill test and thrombus formation was judged by surgical microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency fall Experimental Groups was better than Control group. However, there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was much more improved than that of Control Group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Experimental Group 1 and 2. 3. Three days after anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all Experimental Groups was much less than that of Control Group (P<0.05). 4. In histologic findings a lot of luminal thrombus were observed around sutured area in Control Groups. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all Experimental Groups. Mild necrosis in the vessel wall was observed around sutured area in all specimens. These results indicate that topical irrigation of heparin may improve the patency and inhibit the formation thrombus in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins.
Animals ; Ear ; Femoral Vein ; Heparin* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jaw ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Phenobarbital ; Rabbits ; Sodium Chloride ; Thrombosis* ; Veins

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fittness of Golden relation items was advocated by Ricketts whether or not it is applicable to the young adult Korean dentitions and also to evaluate the several new Golden relation items conducted by the author. The material was consisted of 81 dental casts (34 male, 47 female) with ideal occlusion, which never undergone orthodontic, prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper (Mitutoyo Co) and data were computerized and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows, 1. The Golden proportion advocated by Ricketts dose not seem to directly applicable to the Korean normal dentition, however, the modification from the Ricketts' original shows the Golden proportion as follow. A first series of progressive Golden relations was found on the Golden ratio among the lower central incisors width, the inter mesioincisal width of the upper lateral incisors, and the upper first premolars width. A second series was found on the Golden ratio among the lower lateral incisors width, lower inter canine tips width and theupper first molar distal cusp tips width. A third series was found on the Golden ratio between the inter distal aspect width of lower canine and the mesial cusp tips width of the lower second molars or inter cusp tips width of upper second premolars. 2. In addition to RIcketts' original, 4 new Golden proportions were found in young adult Korean dentition, these are as follows, The tips of lower canine width had Golden relation with the width of the upper first premolar buccal cusp tips or the width of the lower first molar central fossae. The distal aspect of the lower first premolars had Golden relation with the buccal surface widths of the lower or upper second molars. The width of upper lateral incisors had Golden relation with the upper second molar height. The width of the lower canine tips had Golden relation with the lower second molar height.
Bicuspid ; Dentition* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Prosthodontics ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Ascites* ; Intussusception*

BACKGROUND: Esmolol is a short acting sympathetic beta receptor antagonist, and it was successfully applied to induced hypotension. Esmolol lowers blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output, and does not cause vasodilation. This property of esmolol may help to decrease bleeding during induced hypotension. In this study, we tried to elucidate the effect of esmolol on induced hypotension for total hip arthroplasty. METHOD: Twenty patients receiving total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided to two groups. Esmolol group (10 patients) received esmolol as a hypotensive agent, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) group (10 patients) received SNP as a hypotensive agent. We measured arterial blood gas analysis, vital sign, amounts of bleeding, amounts of transfusion and administered fluid, and various laboratory findings. RESULTS: Induced hypotension was successfully performed in either esmolol and SNP group. Heart rate increased by SNP, and decreased by esmolol. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in amounts of bleeding, amounts of transfusion or administered fluid, and laboratory findings. Arterial oxygen tension was relatively constant in esmolol group, but decreased in SNP group. CONCLUSION: Esmolol can be used as a single hypotensive agent during induced hypotension without significant side effects during total hip arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Nitroprusside* ; Oxygen ; Sodium* ; Vasodilation ; Vital Signs

Hemangiopericytoma was first described by Stout & Murray in 1942 and was an uncommon soft tissue tumor thought to be derived from vascular pericytes. Approximately 10-15% of the cases occur in children have a propensity to develop in the region of head, neck and lower extremities. We experienced a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel in a male neonate who showed vomiting and abdorninal distension. We reported a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma of small bowel with brief review of related literature.
Child ; Head ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestine, Small ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Pericytes ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Effective literature searching is essential to support evidence-based nursing. The aim of this study was to present our recent systematic search experience to identify guidelines in PubMed for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. METHODS: Five approaches to the literature search via PubMed were employed. The searches were restricted to items published from 1980 to 2010, for patients admitted to hospital, and in the English language. The search results were compared using the number of records and relevant items, and the sensitivity and precision of each search strategy. RESULTS: The individual approaches retrieved 19-141 of records and 3-6 of relevant items. Sensitivity ranged from 37.5% to 75.0% with the highest values for simple searches and a search combining MeSH terms and free textwords with a methodological search filter. Precision varied from 4.3% to 21.7% and the highest precision was found for MeSH terms with limits feature. CONCLUSION: The simple search in PubMed is an appropriate way for nurses in a busy clinical practice to search the literature for evidence. However, several approaches using MeSH terms, free textwords, limits feature or methodological search filters are also required to have more efficient and better informed search results.
Evidence-Based Nursing ; Humans ; Methods ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of lowering the cutoff values of 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Patients with an abnormal 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) of more than 130 mg/dL at 24-28 weeks of gestation underwent a 3-hour OGTT at 28-32 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to the criteria recommended by Carpenter-Coustan or National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) (Control: 50 gm GCT negative [n=268], Borderline: 2 or more abnormal values met or exceeded Carpenter-Coustan criteria but not the NDDG criteria [n=100], NDDG I: 2 or more abnormal values met or exceeded NDDG criteria, [treated, n=70], NDDG II: [not treated, n=42]). Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 5,827 pregnant women screened for GDM, 112 (1.9%) met the NDDG criteria, whereas 212 (3.6%) met the Carpenter-Coustan criteria. The incidences of poor maternal outcomes were 20.1%, 28.0%, 47.1%, 21.4%, and the incidences of poor neonatal outcomes were 3.7%, 6.0%, 14.3%, 16.7% in the four groups (p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that 1) NDDG I showed an independent risk factor for poor maternal outcome (OR, 3.37), but the borderline group did not, 2) NDDG I showed an independent risk factor for poor neonatal outcome (OR, 3.87), but the borderline group did not, 3) the borderline group showed an independent risk factor for preterm delivery (OR, 2.67). CONCLUSION: Lowering the cutoff values would increase the number of pregnant women with GDM, while only minimally affecting the perinatal outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies for Korean pregnant women may be needed.
Diabetes, Gestational* ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accompanying abnormal findings of Schmorl's nodes(SN), a normal variants of thelumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with one or more SN, as seen on lumbar spine MRI werestudied. Using a 1.5T MR unit, the number and location of SN, their site of the end plate, adjacent disc changesand lesion associated and not associated with SN, and accompanying associated bony spinal stenosis wereretrospectively investigated. RESULTS: Among the 75 patients, 230 SN were noted in 375 vertebral bodies; theywere relatively frequently located on the second(65, 28.2%) and third(65, 28.2%) lumbar vertebrae. The most commonend-plate site of SN was the posterior one-third portion(160;69.6%). In 450 discs of these 75 patients, 172lesions were noted;those associated with SN(76/167, 45.5%) was more common than those not thus associated (96/283,33.9%)(p <0.05), and those associated with SN were relative frequently located on intervertebral disc L2-3 orL3-4(p <0.05). Thirty-seven SN (16.1%) were associated with bony spinal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Because it isfrequently associated with disc lesions and bony spinal stenosis, SN of the lumbar spine may be a pathologiccondition rather than a normal variant.
Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine*