No abstract available.
Bronchiolitis ; Epidemiology ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by infantile hypotonia, mental retardation, hyperhagia, hypogonadism and obesity. Approximately 60% of all PLW syndrome show an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15, 37% have apparently normal chromosome, and 3.6% have a variety of other abnormalities involving chromosome 15. Diabetes mellitus has been considered a component of PLW syndrome and the incidence is about 7%. We experienced a 17-year-old female who revealed mental retardation, hypogonadism, obesity, and non-insulin dependent type DM, compatible with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Adolescent ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome*

Eight patients in the state of ASA classification l, ll were investigate. Blood samples were collected before, just after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Glucose and electrolyte changes in relation to maintenance fluids in balanced and halothane anesthesia were as follows. 1) In both anesthetic techniques blood sugar level showed increasing tendency according to duration of anesthesia. 2) There were no specific changes in serum electrolytes related to type of anesthesia. 3) The administration of D/S and H/D showed a little increase in Na+ and Cl- level compared to the administration of just DsW. 4) The administration of H/d showed less increase in K+ level than the administration of DsW or D/S. 5) Just after induction of anesthesia the K+ level increased a little and decreased gradually thereafter.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Glucose* ; Classification ; Electrolytes* ; Glucose ; Halothane ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of CPR training for nurses in the 6-sigma course. METHOD: The participants were nurses and doctors who worked in the medical center. For data analysis, the SPSS/PC14.0 program was used. RESULT: The total 11 categories of the primary problems were revealed on the recognition of carrying out CPR by nurses and doctors. After understanding the nurses' CPR knowledge and the practical ability, the survey showed 14.97 points and 67.12 points. After the education, the scores were increased from 14.87 to 23.25 in knowledge and from 67.12 to 93.43 in practical ability. The 6-sigma problem was ended as worked up the management plan and understood the changes over the management improving team. CONCLUSION: This study carries an emphasis on understanding of various CPR performance problems applied with 6-sigma in ward. In addition, improvement activities in relation to policy of hospitals suggest the high possibilities that the application of the improvement activities could be extended into the entire hospitals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Lifting ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of CPR training for nurses in the 6-sigma course. METHOD: The participants were nurses and doctors who worked in the medical center. For data analysis, the SPSS/PC14.0 program was used. RESULT: The total 11 categories of the primary problems were revealed on the recognition of carrying out CPR by nurses and doctors. After understanding the nurses' CPR knowledge and the practical ability, the survey showed 14.97 points and 67.12 points. After the education, the scores were increased from 14.87 to 23.25 in knowledge and from 67.12 to 93.43 in practical ability. The 6-sigma problem was ended as worked up the management plan and understood the changes over the management improving team. CONCLUSION: This study carries an emphasis on understanding of various CPR performance problems applied with 6-sigma in ward. In addition, improvement activities in relation to policy of hospitals suggest the high possibilities that the application of the improvement activities could be extended into the entire hospitals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Lifting ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: To implement evidence-based nursing, it is important to know where and how to find the best available evidence. This study was conducted to identify the results of a search from Ovid MEDLINE and to compare the results from Ovid MEDLINE with those from PubMed MEDLINE. METHODS: Four different approaches via Ovid MEDLINE were used to search for guidelines on preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Outcomes of this study were the number of records and relevant literature, and the sensitivity and precision of the search methods via Ovid MEDLINE. RESULTS: The number of retrieved items ranged 23 to 6,005 and that of relevant studies, 5 to 8 of 8. Simple searches resulted in the highest sensitivity of 100.0%. When using MeSH terms and limits feature, the precision was highest (21.7%) among four approaches for literature searches. Simple searches in Ovid had higher sensitivity and lower precision than those in PubMed. CONCLUSION: Simple searches in Ovid may be inefficient for busy clinicians compared to PubMed. However, to ensure a comprehensive and systematic literature search, using Ovid MEDLINE in addition to PubMed is recommended.
Evidence-Based Nursing ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

We investigated the effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)on macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy. PRP using argon blue green laser was performed in 23 eyes of 15 patients with early proliferative diabetic etinopathy and very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without significant macular edema. The changes in volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation were measured before PRP, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month following PRP, using Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter(HRF). Mean volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation decreased to a maximal degree 1 hour following PRP, from 14.87+/-0.40, 387.45 +/-101.40, 1.40+/-0.28(before PRP)to 12.44+/-1.39, 347. 33+/-100.39, 1.27+/-0.34(p<0.05). From 1hour to 1 month after PRP, macular microcirculation gradually increased. However, throughout this period, all parameters of macular microcirculation remained lower than pre-PRP level(p<0.05). Our study suggests that panretinal photocoagulation reduces the macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy.
Argon ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema ; Microcirculation* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess emergency room nurses' knowledge and performance of triage nursing. METHODS: The instrument was developed through the stages of conceptual construction, item development, and validity and reliability testing. For the validity and reliability testing, data collected from 48 emergency room nurses using questionnaires was analyzed through descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability coefficients. RESULTS: The knowledge part consisted of 30 items in nine areas, and its reliability was low (KR-20 =0.50). The correct answer rate was 71.8%. The performance section derived from the factor analysis was composed of two factors with nine items in the triage domain and three factors with 12 items in the non triage domain. The explanatory powers of these factors for the domains were 66.1% and 70.4%, respectively. The overall reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was .95, and the reliabilities for the two domains were .88 and .91, respectively. The nurses' mean performance level was 3.2(+/-0.45). CONCLUSION: The specific contents of the triage nursing work were identified from the developed scale; further research is necessary to in order to develop a scale capable of higher reliability and validity.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Nursing* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Triage*

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) of infancy and early childhood. We analyzed clinical and radiological features of 76 patients with lower respiratory infections by respiratory syncytial virus, which were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescent test or culture of nasal aspirate in Hep-2 cell monolayer, during the period of January-December, 1991. There were peaks of incidences in March-May and November-December, accounting for 87% of eases. Sixty-two cases (82%) were under 1 year of age. Fifty cases(66%) had underlying diseases. Major radiographical findings were overaeration (83%), parahilar peribronchial infiltrates(67%), segmental or subsegmental atelectasis(32%), and segmental or lobar consolidation(16%). In 15 cases(20%), overaeration was the only radiological findings. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or hilar lymph node enlargement in all cases. By considerig clinical features(symptoms, age. Underlying diseases, epidemic seasons) in addition to the radiological findings, radiologists would be familiar with lower respiratory infection by respiratory syncytial virus. Air space consolidation, which is generally though to represent bacterial pneumonia, is also observed not infrequently in respiratory syncytial virus infections.
Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Respiratory Tract Infections