BACKGROUND: The present study aims to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the CAMCOG-R(CAMCOG-RK) in a clinical setting and an institution, that have been widely used to detect early dementia. METHODS: Study participants included 243 dementia sufferers, 68 mild cognitive impairment(MCI) suffers and 354 non-demented subjects. DSM-IV clinical criteria for dementia and Petersen's criteria for MCI were used as the 'gold' standards. The CAMCOG-R was translated into Korean and then back to English. Six items needed modifications for local usage. RESULTS: Interrater and test-retest scores calculated as intraclass correlation coefficients showed excel- lent for total score and all subscale scores of CAMCOG-RK. A strong concurrent validity was found with the MMSE-K score(r=0.82, p<0.01). Examination of the association between CAMCOG-R scores and socio- demographic variables(age, sex, and education) shows that age and education exerts a significant, and independent, effect upon performance. The eight age and education-specific cutoff point for dementia and MCI provided excellent sensitivity and specificity mostly more than 90%. CONCLUSION: The CAMCOG-RK was found to be an appropriate instrument to discriminate between demented and non-demented individuals and between individuals with MCI and without MCI in a clinical setting. Further studies should examine the psychometric characteristics of the CAMCOG-RK in a more varied sample.
Dementia* ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Colposcopic examination and biopsy were performed on 197 patients with abnormal cervical cytology. The patients subsequently underwent electrocoagulation, LLETZ, conization and hysterectomy depending on their diagnosis from January, 1989 to December, 1994. The comparison between the diagnosis of cytology and that of colposcopic biopsy showed fair agreement with only 35% of cases(K=20%). The abnormal lesion was underestimated by cytology in 49.7% of cases. Thirty three cases(16.8%) were threated by LLETZ. Histological comparison between the colposcopic biopsies and LLETZ samples showed fair agreement with 39% of cases (K=25%). 5 cases(15%) of the colposcopic biopsy have been underestimated when compared to the LLETZ histology. Sixty two cases were done conization after colposcopic biopsy. Histological comparison between the colposcopic biopsies and conization samples showed fair agreement with 59% of cases(K=38%). The colposcopic biopsies were underestimated in 24.2% of cases compared to the cone biopsy specimen. The correct diagnosis rates of colposcopic biopsy of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and microinvasive carcinoma were 70%, 82%, and 20% respectively. (continue)
Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Electrocoagulation ; Humans ; Hysterectomy

We investigated the effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)on macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy. PRP using argon blue green laser was performed in 23 eyes of 15 patients with early proliferative diabetic etinopathy and very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without significant macular edema. The changes in volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation were measured before PRP, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month following PRP, using Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter(HRF). Mean volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation decreased to a maximal degree 1 hour following PRP, from 14.87+/-0.40, 387.45 +/-101.40, 1.40+/-0.28(before PRP)to 12.44+/-1.39, 347. 33+/-100.39, 1.27+/-0.34(p<0.05). From 1hour to 1 month after PRP, macular microcirculation gradually increased. However, throughout this period, all parameters of macular microcirculation remained lower than pre-PRP level(p<0.05). Our study suggests that panretinal photocoagulation reduces the macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy.
Argon ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema ; Microcirculation* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological test profiles of psychiatric outpatients with high and low depression/suicide ideation and to identify predictor variables for depression/suicide ideation. METHODS: Component scores of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were compared using t-tests. Discriminant analysis was conducted for predictor variables of depression/suicide ideation. RESULTS: Regarding PAI profiles, somatic complaints (SOM), anxiety (ANX), anxiety-related disorder (ARD), depression (DEP), paranoia (PAR), borderline features (BOR), antisocial features (ANT), mania (MAN) drug problems (DRG) scores were significantly elevated in high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Concerning MMPI-2 profiles, the scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc), social introversion (Si) were significantly elevated in these same groups. The PAI and MMPI-2 profile shapes were remarkably similar between high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Therefore, in terms of psychological profile, depression and suicidal ideation seemed to reflect the same construct. However, in discriminant analysis, significant predictors for depression were found to be Pt and D Sc from MMPI-2, while those for suicide ideation were found to be Pa and Sc, suggest subtle differences. CONCLUSION: The superficial characteristics of depression and suicide ideation groups reflected by the psychological test profiles seemed similar, but the determining factors may differ. Thus, the psychological interventions for these two groups may have to follow different routes considering these subtle differences.
Anxiety ; Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Minnesota ; Outpatients ; Paranoid Disorders ; Personality Assessment ; Psychological Tests ; Schizophrenia ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate a comparison of implant bone bed preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and conventional drills on the relationship between implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and implant insertion variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty implants were inserted into two different types of pig rib bone. One group was prepared with conventional drills and a total of 20 implants were inserted into type I and type II bone. The other group was prepared with a Er,Cr:YSGG laser and a total of 20 implants were inserted into type I and type II bone. ISQ, maximum insertion torque, angular momentum, and insertion torque energy values were measured. RESULTS: The mean values for variables were significantly higher in type I bone than in type II bone (P < .01). In type I bone, the ISQ values in the drill group were significantly higher than in the laser group (P < .05). In type II bone, the ISQ values in the laser group were significantly higher than in the drill group (P < .01). In both type I and type II bone, the maximum insertion torque, total energy, and total angular momentum values between the drill and laser groups did not differ significantly (P > or = .05). The ISQ values were correlated with maximum insertion torque (P < .01, r = .731), total energy (P < .01, r = .696), and angular momentum (P < .01, r = .696). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the effects of bone bed preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the relationship between implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and implant insertion variables were comparable to those of drilling.
Mandrillus ; Ribs ; Salicylates ; Torque

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The application of a simple, clinically applicable noninvasive test to assess implant stability are considered highly desirable. So far there is still a controversy about correlation of various tests and implant stability. PURPOSE: In order to assess implant stability, the development of a new method is critical. It' s possible to assess implant stability by calculating energy and angular momentum during implant installation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of energy and implant stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty three implants were installed in two different types of pig bone. Type I bone was retrieved from the distal aspect of the rib, with more cortical bone. Type II bone came from a more proximal region with less cortical components and a higher content of bone marrow and spongeous trabeculae. Insertion torque, removal torque, ISQ values and angular momentum and energy were measured. Pearson Correlation test was done to analyze the relation between RFA, maximum insertion torque, mean insertion torque, bone type, energy and removal torque. RESULTS: Type I bone showed higher removal torque than type II bone. Energy value was significantly correlated with maximum insertion torque and mean insertion torque. RFA values were related with insertion torques but the significance was lower than Energy value. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study energy values were considered clinically predictable method to measure the implant stability.
Bone Marrow ; Dental Implants ; Porphyrins ; Ribs ; Salicylates ; Torque

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A biochemical approach for surface modification has offered an alternative for physicochemical and morphological methods to obtain desirable bone-implant interfaces. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate cell responses to poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 coating with reference to cellular proliferation and differentiation in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 96 titanium discs were fabricated and divided into four groups. Group 1 was anodized under 300 V as control. Group 2, 3 and 4 were anodized then coated with 3 ml PLGA/1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 solutions. Amount of the solutions were 2 ul, 20 ul and 200ul respectively. The osteoblast-like Human Osteogenic Sarcoma (HOS) cells were seeded and cultured for 1, 3 and 7 days. MTSbased cell proliferation assay and ALPase activity test were carried out. RESULTS: PLGA nanoparticles were observed as fine, smooth and round and HOS cells attached to the anodized surfaces through strand-like and sheet-like filopodia. After 3 days of culture, the dendritic filopodia were exaggerated and sheet-like cytoplasmic projections covered the coated titanium surfaces. After 3 days of culture, all of the groups showed increased cellular proliferation and the lowest proliferation rate was measured on group 2. Higher amount of incorporated 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 (Group 3 and 4) improved cellular proliferation but the differences were not significant statistically (P > .05). But they increased the rate of ALP activities than the control group at day 3 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles incorporated with vitamin D metabolite positively affected proliferation and differentiation of cells on the anodized titanium surface.
Calcitriol ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Nanoparticles ; Osteosarcoma ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Pseudopodia ; Seeds ; Titanium ; Vitamin D

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelial Cells ; Fingers ; Orthopedics ; Radiation Exposure

Lymphedema refers to inflammation that occurs in a part of the body owing to impaired lymphatic transport. Lymphedema arises as a consequence of a malformation or malfunction of the lymphatic system. It commonly occurs on the face, vulva, and penis and can cause superficial lesions known as lymphangiectasia. Common presenting symptoms include pain, pruritus, oozing of lymphatic fluid, sexual dysfunction, and infection. Prolonged lymphedema can lead to fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia with verrucous hyperkeratosis. In rare cases, the lymphedema may mimic a skin tumor. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with erythematous oozing papules and hard nodules on the vulva, which mimicked a fibrous tumor.

PURPOSE: To translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25). METHODS: Two bilingual ophthalmologists independently translated the original English version of the NEI-VFQ-25 into written Korean. A panel of the Korean Retina Society reviewed the translations to form a single reconciled forward translation of the Korean version of the NEI-VFQ-25. Another ophthalmologist back-translated this first draft into English. Both the first draft and back-translated draft were edited by a professional translator. To evaluate the correlation and validity, results between the original NEI-VFQ-25 and the Korean version, completed by the bilingual participants, were compared. RESULTS: The Korean version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 was developed by translation, back-translation, and expert supervision. Results from 23 bilingual participants between the original NEI-VFQ-25 and the Korean version were compared and showed statistically significant correlation, with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.4 or greater. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results showed no statistically significant differences between the two questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Translation and validation of the Korean version of the NEI-VFQ-25 was achieved.
National Eye Institute (U.S.) ; Organization and Administration ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retina ; Translations