Sarcoidosis is a rare d:sease in Korea and its association with erythema nodosurn is even rarer. Recently we saw a patient of bihilar adenopathy, who had arthralgia and erythematous nodules of both lower legs. A skin biopsy obtained from the erythematous nodule of the lower leg showed septal panniculitis, consitent with erythema nodosum, and a biopsy from the mediastinal lymph node revealed a pathology consistent with sarcoidosis. This is the first case of Lofgrens syndrome confirmed by histology ir, Korea.
Arthralgia ; Biopsy ; Erythema ; Erythema Nodosum ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Lymph Nodes ; Panniculitis ; Pathology ; Sarcoidosis ; Skin

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare disease of which incidence is 10-15 % of bartholins gland carcinoma. The clinical presentation is characterized by a vulval mass that existed for a prolonged period to the onset of symptoms, usually infection, pain, and burningsensation Histologically, this tumor is characterized by cribriform pattern cell growing and perineural invasion. The obtaining of clear surgical margins is the most important aspect of treatment. Here we report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholins gland with a brief review of literature.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Incidence ; Rare Diseases

Primary cutaneous CD30(Ki- 1) positive large cell lymphoma occurs generally in adults and in contrast to primary noncutaneous CD30 positive large cell lymphoma, rarely in children and adolescences. Generally it does not express epithelial membrane antigen(EMA). Recently we experienced a sixteen-year old boy who developed CD30 positive large cell lymphoma. He presented with single ulcerative nodule on his right upper vermilion border and there was no evidence of lymph nodal or other visceral involvement. In paraffin section, stainings for CD30, CD45RO, CD45 and EMA were positive but staining for CD20 was negative. His young age of onset and positive immunoreactivity to EMA of tumor cells in this case are unusual features for primary cutaneous CD30 positive large cell lymphoma.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Male ; Membranes ; Paraffin ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: A number of reports have stressed the usefulness of cell kinetic estimations as an aid in the prognostic and diagnostic classification of malignant lymphoma. But very limited information is available concerning cell cycle distirbutions in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate, although a number of these conditions present tremendous problems in diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferative activities in various cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and its usefulness in diagnosis or foretelling a prognosis. METHODS: Fifty two arehival biopsy specimens were studies. These included cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, polymorphous light eruptions, and pseudolymphomas such as insect bite, lymphomatoid papulosis, and other lymphocytoma cutis. Ki-67 was identified by immunoperoxidase technique using MIB1, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a fixation and embedding resistant epitope on the Ki-67 protein. RESULTS: Higher Ki-67 positive rates were observed in high grade angiocentric T-cell lymphomas, which was helpful in differentiating from benign disease. In two cases of lymphomas which Ki-67 positive rate were more than 80 percent despite of minimal lymphoid infiltrate in skin biopsy specimen, evaluation of Ki-67 expression was profoundly helpful in diagnosing them as malignancies. CONCLUSION: Use of this technique was useful in evaluation of proliferative activity of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. In some cases, use of this technique may aid us in differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma from benign chronic inflammatory disease of the skin.
Biopsy ; Cell Cycle ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Lichen Planus ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Prognosis ; Pseudolymphoma ; Skin

BACKGROUND: A number of reports have stressed the usefulness of cell kinetic estimations as an aid in the prognostic and diagnostic classification of malignant lymphoma. But very limited information is available concerning cell cycle distirbutions in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate, although a number of these conditions present tremendous problems in diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferative activities in various cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and its usefulness in diagnosis or foretelling a prognosis. METHODS: Fifty two arehival biopsy specimens were studies. These included cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, polymorphous light eruptions, and pseudolymphomas such as insect bite, lymphomatoid papulosis, and other lymphocytoma cutis. Ki-67 was identified by immunoperoxidase technique using MIB1, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a fixation and embedding resistant epitope on the Ki-67 protein. RESULTS: Higher Ki-67 positive rates were observed in high grade angiocentric T-cell lymphomas, which was helpful in differentiating from benign disease. In two cases of lymphomas which Ki-67 positive rate were more than 80 percent despite of minimal lymphoid infiltrate in skin biopsy specimen, evaluation of Ki-67 expression was profoundly helpful in diagnosing them as malignancies. CONCLUSION: Use of this technique was useful in evaluation of proliferative activity of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. In some cases, use of this technique may aid us in differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma from benign chronic inflammatory disease of the skin.
Biopsy ; Cell Cycle ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Lichen Planus ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Prognosis ; Pseudolymphoma ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Melanocytes grown in pure monolayer culure lack many of the cellular interactions that exist in vivo. This can be partially overcome by growing melanocytes together with other epidermal cells in skin equivalent models. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to grow human melanocytes in human epidermis reconstructed on dermal substrates in vitro and to examine their response to UV radiation. METHODS: The skin equivalents were prepared by seeding cultured human keratinocytes together with cultured human melanocytes(in a ratio of 5%) onto de-epidermized dermis. After 7 days of culture, they were exposed to UVB irradiation(total 150m J/cm over 5days). On day 12 of air exposure the sections of the skin equivalents were prepared for histology. The structure of the skin equivalents was studied following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Melanocytes were characterized by DOPA staining and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Melanocytes were localized singly within the basal layer of the reconstructs. Melanin was also visible both in the melanocytes and in neighboring keratinocytes. There was an increase in melanocyte size and dendricity following UV irradiation. Melanocytes became positive to staining with HMB-45 antibody following UV irradiation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that melanocytes grown in reconstructed human epidermis are functional and capable of responding to UV irradiation.
Dermis ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epidermis* ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: To detect anti-human leukocyte antigen(HLA) class I alloantibodies in patients awaiting solid organ transplantation, panel reactive antibody(PRA) test using complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity(CDC) has been used. The enough size of lymphocyte panel in PRA test enables the identification of HLA antibody specificities. So we made lymphocyte panel of 72 wells to evaluate the usefulness comparing with 36 wells screening panel. METHODS: A total of 55 sera(positive 20, negative 25, quality control materials provided by "International Cell Exchange" program of UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory 10), which had been tested for PRA using 36 wells screening panel, were re-tested using newly produced 72 wells lymphocyte panel. RESULTS: The results of the 25 negative sera were same except one serum, which might be due to non-specific reaction. The %PRA values of the 20 positive sera using 36 wells screening panel were distributed into 1-10%(n=4), 10-50%(n=9), 50-80%(n=5), and 80-100%(n=2). Using lymphocyte panel of 72 wells, %PRA values of 20 positive sera showed no difference(p=0.61) from that of 36 wells and we could not identify the specificity of HLA antibodies for the 10 sera, which previously had not been identified with 36 wells screening panel. But we additionally or newly identified the specificity of HLA antibodies in 4 positive sera and 2 quality control materials. CONCLUSION: Identification of HLA antibodies was not much improved using a PRA test with 72 lymphocyte panel and therefore 36 lymphocyte panel is considered to be enough to screen the HLA antibodies. However the increase of the size of lymphocyte panel is expected to resolve the difficulty, caused by linkage disequilibrium, for the identification of HLA antibody specificity.
Antibodies ; Antibody Specificity* ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Leukocytes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lymphocytes* ; Mass Screening ; Organ Transplantation ; Quality Control ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transplants

Background: Although the rates of illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians are increasing, there is a dearth of relevant information in the literature regarding these procedures. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate illegal cosmetic procedures that were performed by beauticians with the help of judicial precedents. Methods: The Supreme Court of South Korea’s Written Judgement Management System was searched for judicial precedents regarding illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians. This system included cases that were sentenced in the lower courts, the appellate courts, and the supreme court from the year 1997 to 2019. Results: Twenty-three litigation cases related to these illegal cosmetic procedures were selected. There were 21 criminal cases and two civil cases. Common illegal procedures included tattooing (n=11), use of laser and intense pulsed light device (n=6), administration of intradermal injection (n=3), and application of topical agents (n=2). Two civil cases reported facial deformity and accidental macular damage caused by illegal use of lasers by the beauticians. Conclusion In this study, illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians were identified. Continuous monitoring of these illegal procedures is necessary as they can cause adverse effects in patients.

Background: Although the rates of illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians are increasing, there is a dearth of relevant information in the literature regarding these procedures. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate illegal cosmetic procedures that were performed by beauticians with the help of judicial precedents. Methods: The Supreme Court of South Korea’s Written Judgement Management System was searched for judicial precedents regarding illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians. This system included cases that were sentenced in the lower courts, the appellate courts, and the supreme court from the year 1997 to 2019. Results: Twenty-three litigation cases related to these illegal cosmetic procedures were selected. There were 21 criminal cases and two civil cases. Common illegal procedures included tattooing (n=11), use of laser and intense pulsed light device (n=6), administration of intradermal injection (n=3), and application of topical agents (n=2). Two civil cases reported facial deformity and accidental macular damage caused by illegal use of lasers by the beauticians. Conclusion In this study, illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians were identified. Continuous monitoring of these illegal procedures is necessary as they can cause adverse effects in patients.

BACKGROUND: Angiocentric T-cell lymphomas are rare T-cell malignancies which involve extranodal sites, such as the skin, nasal cavity, soft tissue and gastrointestinal tract. They have been reported with significant frequency in Asia. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to characterize the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical featnres of cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma. Another objective is to search for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the tissues of cutaneous angiocentiric T cell lymphoma. METHODS: Clinical records, laboratory data, and histopathologic sections of 12 patients with cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma were reviewed. Paraffin tumor tissues were immunophenotyped. In situ hybridizaion studies were performed to detect the EBV genomes. RESULTS: The ages of the 12 patients ranged from 34 to 64 years(mean 45.8 years). The cutaneous lesions were nodules or plaqes, and were with ulcerated or had intact skin. Eight patients had evidence of extracutaneous involvement, usually involving lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Eleven patients showed the abnormal laboratory findings including anemia, leukopenia, and elevated level of LDH. The disease pursued an aggressive course and was not uncommonly resistant to treatment. Histologically, the lymphomatous infiltrate occurred predominantly in the subcutaneous layer with involvement of the dermis. The pattern was mainly perivascular and periadnexal. A prominent feature was invasion of small or medium vesselsby lymphoma cells. The infiltrating lymphrcytes expressed CD45RO in all cases; variable expression of CD3 and CD56 was detected in piaffin sections. Among the 11 cases where in situ hybridization was performed, EBV genome could be detected in 9 cases. CONCLUSION: Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma of the skin is an aggressive lymphoma distinct from classic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, further studies are needed to regard them as a homogeneous entity of T-cell lymphoma involving the skin.
Anemia ; Asia ; Dermis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukopenia ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; Nasal Cavity ; Paraffin ; Skin* ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; Ulcer