No abstract available.
Mucous Membrane* ; Muramidase* ; Turbinates*

Dr. Youn-Sic Chun and coworkers invented the new machine for getting information about the relative effectiveness of the orthodontic appliances and we named it Calorific machine. The author and colleagues used this machine to compare with tooth moving mechanism by 3 types of the insertion method of precision-TPA for derotating the posterior teeth. We measured the distance of tooth movement and found out the rotational center on the occlusal X-ray film and the tooth movement on the occlusogram and then processed paired t-test by SAS program. The results were as follow : 1. In the intermolar width, the mesial insertion method showed the loss of distance, and the other methods(-distal insertion method, mesial expansion method-) showed the increase of distance. 2. In the arch length, the distal insertion method was exhibited as most recommandable way for increasing the arch length. 3. The rotation center of the mesial insertion method for derotating the molar, was located between mesial pit and central pit of the lower 2nd molar. and, in the distal insertion method, it was located between distal pit and distolingual cusp, and in the mesial expansion method was located at distal pit.
Molar ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Tooth Movement ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

BACKGROUND: Spinal anticholinesterase has been shown to have an antinociceptive action to acute noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrathecal anticholinesterase on the facilitated state developed after tissue injury evoked by formalin injection. METHODS: Rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters. For nociceptive test, 50 microliter of 5% formalin solution was injected into the hindpaw. The effect of pretreatment with intrathecal neostigmine, physostigmine and edrophonium, administered 10 min before formalin injection, was observed for 60 min. For the evaluation of the effect of posttreatment with intrathecal anticholinesterase, administered 9 min after formalin injection, the response was observed for 50 min. RESULTS: Formalin injection into the paw resulted in a biphasic incidence of flinching of the injected paw. Intrathecal pretreatment with neostigmine, physostigmine and edrophonium produced a dose- dependent suppression of the flinching during phase 1 and phase 2 on the formalin test. Posttreatment with three intrathecal anticholinesterases reduced the phase 2 flinching response. CONCLUSIONS: Both pretreatment and posttreatment with intrathecal anticholinesterase produced an antinociception on the formalin test. These results point out the usefulness of anticholinesterase to acute nociception and facilitated state.
Animals ; Catheters ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Edrophonium ; Formaldehyde* ; Incidence ; Neostigmine ; Nociception ; Pain Measurement* ; Physostigmine ; Rats*

Background/Aims: We investigated the clinical practice patterns of post-polypectomy colonoscopic surveillance among Korean endoscopists. Methods: In a web-based survey conducted between September and November 2021, participants were asked about their preferred surveillance intervals and the patient age at which surveillance was discontinued. Adherence to the recent guidelines of the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer (USMSTF) was also analyzed. Results: In total, 196 endoscopists completed the survey. The most preferred first surveillance intervals were: a 5-year interval after the removal of 1–2 tubular adenomas < 10 mm; a 3-year interval after the removal of 3–10 tubular adenomas < 10 mm, adenomas ≥ 10 mm, tubulovillous or villous adenomas, ≤ 20 hyperplastic polyps < 10 mm, 1–4 sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) < 10 mm, hyperplastic polyps or SSLs ≥ 10 mm, and traditional serrated adenomas; and a 1-year interval after the removal of adenomas with highgrade dysplasia, >10 adenomas, 5–10 SSLs, and SSLs with dysplasia. In piecemeal resections of large polyps ( > 20 mm), surveillance colonoscopy was mostly preferred after 1 year for adenomas and 6 months for SSLs. The mean USMSTF guideline adherence rate was 30.7%. The largest proportion of respondents (40.8%–55.1%) discontinued the surveillance at the patient age of 80–84 years. Conclusions A significant discrepancy was observed between the preferred post-polypectomy surveillance intervals and recent international guidelines. Individualized measures are required to increase adherence to the guidelines.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Allergy is a chronic disorder with undesirable consequences on the quality of life (QoL). The first aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of allergy on the QoL and to show the correlation between symptoms and categories of the QoL. The second purpose is to determine whether treatment with levocetirizine improves the QoL among allergic rhinitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 412 allergic patients answered the questionnaire and its sensitivity was checked to validate its usefulness in asthma and allergic rhinitis patients. To evaluate the effect of applying levocetirizine for 1 month on the QoL among allergic rhinitis patients, a total of 94 subjects were assessed with the questionnaire and analyzed (paired t-test). To evaluate its effect on the symptoms of allergic rhinitis for the duration of 2 and 4 weeks, a total of 100 subjects were analyzed (repeated ANOVA) with the symptom questionnaire. RESULTS: Besides the physical symptoms, patients suffered from activity restriction, emotional problems, difficulty in being examined, and dissatisfaction with health status. The correlation between the questionnaire and the QoL was statistically significant. After treatment, the QoL and symptoms, except nasal congestion, were significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire can be beneficial in assessing the QoL among allergic patients. Treatment with levocetirizine provides improvement in the QoL and lowers the symptoms score among allergic rhinitis patients.
Asthma ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Quality of Life* ; Rhinitis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires