No abstract available.
Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin*

To evaluate the morphogenesis of the human thyroid, a histologic study was made based on 100 normal thyroids of human embryos and fetuses ranging in age from 4 to 42 weeks of gestation. The embryos were serially sectioned and fetuses were examinated as an individual organ. 1) The first sign of thyroid primordium was the spherical proliferation of median ventral pharyngeal wall at the 4th week of development. 2) At the 6th week of gestation, the thyroid differentiated into two lobes that were connected by an isthmus, and was on the way of migration to the definite position from the foramen cecum. 3) The developing thyroid consisted of two cell cords, solid nests or interconnecting complex pattern until 14th week of gestation, when the entire portion of thyroid was replaced by follicles of variable size. 4) At the 9th week, the first follicle was recognizable at the periphery of the gland. 5) At the 14th week, follicles were partly filled with faintly eosinophilic colloid. 6) After the 18th week of gestation, lobulation of the thyroid parenchyme was a prominent feature. 7) After the 24th week, large follicles with rich colloid content are distributed through both superificial and deep portions. And after the 34th week, maturation reached the general pattern of adult thyroid. 8) The ability of thyroglobulin synthesis which was confirmed by PAP method, was first recognized at the 10th week of gestation.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health of physical therapy students in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the pandemic and was completed by 100 physical therapy students in two universities in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do, South Korea. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate their anxiety and depression status. A Chi-square test was conducted to evaluate the association of participant characteristics with the risk of having anxiety and depression. Logistic regression models were used to identify the general characteristic factors related to anxiety or depression. Results: Anxiety was found in 28 (28%) of the participants, and depression in 24 (24%). The risk of anxiety and depression in male physical therapy students was 0.189 and 0.211 times lower, respectively, than those female students (p<0.05). The risk of anxiety and depression in physical therapy students with a history of disease was 11.721 and 7.056 times higher, respectively, than those with a history of disease (p<0.05). The risk of anxiety in physical therapy students in clinical practice was 11.721 times higher than that in students who were not in clinical practice (p<0.05). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a high risk of anxiety and depression among many physical therapy students. More attention and improvements are needed so that physical therapy students can study in a safe environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health of physical therapy students in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the pandemic and was completed by 100 physical therapy students in two universities in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do, South Korea. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate their anxiety and depression status. A Chi-square test was conducted to evaluate the association of participant characteristics with the risk of having anxiety and depression. Logistic regression models were used to identify the general characteristic factors related to anxiety or depression. Results: Anxiety was found in 28 (28%) of the participants, and depression in 24 (24%). The risk of anxiety and depression in male physical therapy students was 0.189 and 0.211 times lower, respectively, than those female students (p<0.05). The risk of anxiety and depression in physical therapy students with a history of disease was 11.721 and 7.056 times higher, respectively, than those with a history of disease (p<0.05). The risk of anxiety in physical therapy students in clinical practice was 11.721 times higher than that in students who were not in clinical practice (p<0.05). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a high risk of anxiety and depression among many physical therapy students. More attention and improvements are needed so that physical therapy students can study in a safe environment.

A 51-year-old female had disseminated, symmetrically distributed, brownish black pigmentation and papillary hypertrophy on the intertriginous and flexural areas for 6 months, and gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed during the evaluation of internal malignancy, The cutaneous finding of acanthosis nigricans was a significant cutaneous marker of internal malignancy in this case.
Acanthosis Nigricans* ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation

No abstract available.
Transplants*

No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Transplants*

In 1929, Bailey first described an intracranial sarcomatous tumor as a term of perithelial sarcoma. The term of microgliomatosis was introduced by Benedek and Juba, 1941. In recent period, malignant lymphoma was widely used rather than many other terms such as reticulum cell sarcoma, malignant reticulosis, etc. An autopsy case of microgliomatosis was presented. She was a 33-year-old woman with headache, ataxia, memory disturbance, defecation and micturition difficulty. She was relatively well until 3 months earlier before admission. She visited first St. Vincent Hospital due to memory disturbance, and a tumor was found in her left frontal lobe by CT scanning of her brain. She was transferred to Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital for further evaluation of the tumor mass. She ws given steroid therapy and somewhat improved in her symptoms. By follow-up CT scannings, the tumor could not be found. Her general conditions were progressively deteriorated and died on 85th day of her admission. Brain limited autopsy was performed. The external features of her brain were grossly unremarkable. Cut surfaces revealed multiple ill-defined grayish white masses, especially on deep white matter of left frontal lobe, left cingulate gyrus and white matter together with medial side of basal ganglia. The definite size was not able to be measured, but the largest one in left frontal lobe was about 2.5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumors have many characteristics of microgliomatosis, such as perivascular arrangement of tumor cells and concentric reticulin condensation. These microscopic features were seen not only in grossly visible masses but also in other areas, almost all cerebral hemispheres. Literature review on microgliomatosis and a case report were done.
Female ; Humans

A long nose with a drooping tip is a major aesthetic problem. It creates a negative and aged appearance and looks worse when smiling. In order to rectify this problem, the underlying anatomical causes should be understood and corrected simultaneously to optimize surgical outcomes. The causes of a drooping tip of a long nose are generally classified into two mechanisms. Static causes usually result from malposition and incorrect innate shape of the nasal structure: the nasal septum, upper and lower lateral cartilages, and the ligaments in between. The dynamic causes result from the facial expression muscles, the depressor septi nasi muscle, and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle. The depressor septi nasi depresses the nasal tip and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi pulls the alar base upwards. Many surgical methods have been introduced, but partial approaches to correct such deformities generally do not satisfy East Asians, making the problem more challenging to surgeons. Typically, East Asians have thick nasal tip soft tissue and skin, and a depressed columella and alar bases. The authors suggest that multifactorial approaches to static and dynamic factors along with ancillary causes should be considered for correcting the drooping tip of the long noses of East Asians.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Esthetics ; Facial Expression ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Nasal Septum ; Nose* ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Smiling