To evaluate the morphogenesis of the human thyroid, a histologic study was made based on 100 normal thyroids of human embryos and fetuses ranging in age from 4 to 42 weeks of gestation. The embryos were serially sectioned and fetuses were examinated as an individual organ. 1) The first sign of thyroid primordium was the spherical proliferation of median ventral pharyngeal wall at the 4th week of development. 2) At the 6th week of gestation, the thyroid differentiated into two lobes that were connected by an isthmus, and was on the way of migration to the definite position from the foramen cecum. 3) The developing thyroid consisted of two cell cords, solid nests or interconnecting complex pattern until 14th week of gestation, when the entire portion of thyroid was replaced by follicles of variable size. 4) At the 9th week, the first follicle was recognizable at the periphery of the gland. 5) At the 14th week, follicles were partly filled with faintly eosinophilic colloid. 6) After the 18th week of gestation, lobulation of the thyroid parenchyme was a prominent feature. 7) After the 24th week, large follicles with rich colloid content are distributed through both superificial and deep portions. And after the 34th week, maturation reached the general pattern of adult thyroid. 8) The ability of thyroglobulin synthesis which was confirmed by PAP method, was first recognized at the 10th week of gestation.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Treatment of male urinary incontinence is one of the most distressing problem in the urologic practice. Recent advances in implantable devices have improved the outlook for patients with incontinence, but the prosthetic surgery has mechanical problems to be solved, and does not maintain physiologic normality. Recently, we treated a case of postprostatectomy incontinence, and obtained a good result with surgical intercavernous embedding of the bulboperineal urethra.
Humans ; Male ; Urethra* ; Urinary Incontinence

Syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis is an extremely rare condition,and can occur in the generalized acquired syphilitic patient in tertiary or secondary phase. The most serious problem with granulomatous pancreatic lesion is clinical or radiological misdiagnosis as cancer. We experienced a case of syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis arising in 54 year old female patient. She was treated for syphilis 20years ago. But she and her husband are still strong positive to VDRL and TPHA. On abdominal computed tomography and endoscopic pancreatico- duodenography, there was an obstructive mass of low density in the distal common bile duct or pancreatic head. Under the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic head carcinoma, Whipple's operation was done. On gross examination, the pancreas was fibrotic, and the common bile duct was well preserved without tumor mass. Microscopically, numerous intralobular noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells are identified. They surround thick-walled, small to medium sized arteries and involve vascular wall with luminal narrowing or obliteration, which are characteristic findings of the syphilitic granuloma. The remaining parenchyme shows fibrosis, acinar atrophy or destruction with dense infiltration of lymphohistiocytes, plasma cells with granuloma formation. Although the Warthin-Starry stain reveals no spirochetes, the serologic result and pathologic findings are compatible with syphilitic granulomatous pancreatitis.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow*

No abstract available.
Mucocele*

BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFN-gamma(Mig) are members of CXC-chemokine family, that are produced from macrophage/monocyte activated by IFN-gamma. These chemokines especially recruit activated T cell into inflammatory site. Here, we studied effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-12/IL-2 or IFN-gammaon induction of MIG and IP-10 in mouse brain. METHODS: In order to evaluate Mig and IP-10 gene expression in brain, we injected LPS, IFN-gammaor IL-12/IL-2 into mice intraperitoneally, and measured chemokine message in brain by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In vivo injection of LPS induced Mig and IP-10 gene expression in brain of normal mice and IFN-gammaknockout mouse, however, in vivo injection of IL-12/IL-2 induced Mig and IP-10 gene expression in only the brain of normal mice. IFN-gammainduced chemokine expression in cultured brain cells, but anti-inflammatory drugs did not block IFN-gammaeffects. CONCLUSIONS: Immune stimulating agents, LPS or IL-12/IL-2 or IFN-gamma, can induce T cell chemokine gene expression in brain cells, and these chemokines may play a role in T cell infiltration in various brain diseases. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):155~162, 2001)
Animals ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Chemokines ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interferons* ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukins* ; Mice*

BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFN-gamma(Mig) are members of CXC-chemokine family, that are produced from macrophage/monocyte activated by IFN-gamma. These chemokines especially recruit activated T cell into inflammatory site. Here, we studied effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-12/IL-2 or IFN-gammaon induction of MIG and IP-10 in mouse brain. METHODS: In order to evaluate Mig and IP-10 gene expression in brain, we injected LPS, IFN-gammaor IL-12/IL-2 into mice intraperitoneally, and measured chemokine message in brain by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In vivo injection of LPS induced Mig and IP-10 gene expression in brain of normal mice and IFN-gammaknockout mouse, however, in vivo injection of IL-12/IL-2 induced Mig and IP-10 gene expression in only the brain of normal mice. IFN-gammainduced chemokine expression in cultured brain cells, but anti-inflammatory drugs did not block IFN-gammaeffects. CONCLUSIONS: Immune stimulating agents, LPS or IL-12/IL-2 or IFN-gamma, can induce T cell chemokine gene expression in brain cells, and these chemokines may play a role in T cell infiltration in various brain diseases. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):155~162, 2001)
Animals ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Chemokines ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interferons* ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukins* ; Mice*

PURPOSE: The focal ossification of auricular cartilage is an unusual clinical entity in which the ear becomes partially or totally rigid and immalleable. This condition may result from cold injury, local trauma, inflammation, or various systemic diseases. Patients may feel mild discomfort, but there are usually no other serious symptoms. We present a case of focal ossification of auricular cartilage in which the cause is unknown. METHODS: A healthy 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of hard mass of right posterior auricular area. He denied any precipitating historical events like cold injury and inflammation. Routine testing did not demonstrate systemic abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 22 x 10 x 11 mm sized heterogenous isoechoic mass showing an acoustic shadow. RESULTS: Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed the ossification with deposition of trabecular bone in normal elastic cartilage. The patient was healed without any problems and satisfied with the result. CONCLUSION: We report clinical experience of focal ossification of auricular cartilage, which is quite a rare clinical entity. It should be considered that there is the possibility of ossification of cartilage when it meets the benign mass of the ear.
Acoustics ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Cartilage ; Cold Temperature ; Ear ; Ear Cartilage ; Elastic Cartilage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To investigate the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in mouse brain irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 8-week old male mice, C57B1/6J were given whole body gamma-radiation with a single dose of 25 Gy using Cobalt 60 irradiator. At different times 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24hr after irradiation, mice were killed and brain tissues were collected. Apoptotic cells were scored by TUNEL assay. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Bax and cell cycle regulating molecules; cyclins B1, D1, E and cdk2, cdk4, p34cdc2 were analysed by Western blotting. Cell cycle was analysed by Flow cytometry. RESULTS: The peak of radiation induced apoptosis is shown at 8 hour after radiation. With a single 25 Gy irradiation, the peak of apoptotic index in C57B1/6J is 24.0+/-0.25 (p<0.05) at 8 hour after radiation. Radiation upregulated the expression of p53/tubulin, Bax/tubulin, and Bcl-2/tubulin with 1.3, 1.1 and 1.45 fold increase, respectively were shown at the peak level at 8 hour after radiation. The levels of cell cycle regulating molecules after radiation are not changed significantly except cyclin D1 with 1.3 fold increase. Fractions of Go-G1, G2-M and S phase in the cell cycle does not specific changes by time. CONCLUSIONS: In mouse brain tissue, radiation induced apoptosis is particularly shown in a specific area, subependyma. These results and lack of radiation induced changes in cell cycle offer better understanding of radiation response of normal brain tissue.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Brain* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cobalt ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Mice* ; S Phase

Oxaliplatin is a platinum compound used in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. It is known to evoke a drug-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, which has not been reported in Korea. We describe a 53-year-old man who developed oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy for colon cancer. Oxaliplatin-dependent IgG platelet antibodies were detected in his serum on flow cytometry. He was treated with immunoglobulin and corticosteroids without any complications. Physicians should consider oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, when a sudden, isolated thrombocytopenia develops during chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Antibodies ; Blood Platelets ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Platinum ; Thrombocytopenia*