No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Mucocele*

PURPOSE: To report a case of chronic hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and treated with 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tamponade with cyclocryotherapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 39-year-old woman with a history of blunt trauma developed a unilateral chronic ocular hypotony in her left eye. She was treated with topical atropine sulphate 1% for 2 months. Three years later, she was referred to our clinic for evaluation and treatment of persistent hypotony. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 4 mm Hg and the best corrected visual acuity was 0.4. B-scan echography revealed a choroidal effusion and fundus examination showed choroidal detachment and macular folds. Gonioscopy examination revealed cyclodialysis cleft from the direction of 7 o'clock to 11 o'clock. A single bubble of SF6 20% (0.4 cc) was injected into the vitreous cavity and transconjunctival cyclocryotherapy was performed under retrobulbar anesthesia. Six months later, the IOP was 12 mm Hg and the best corrected visual acuity was 1.0. B-scan echograpy and fundus examination showed the disappearance of the choroidal effusion. CONCLUSIONS: Gas tamponade with cyclocryotherapy may be useful in cases of cyclodialysis cleft that failed to respond to medical therapy.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Choroid ; Eye ; Female ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypotension ; Sulfur Hexafluoride ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of a young male patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) accompanied by vitritis and neovascularization of the optic disk in both eyes who underwent unilateral vitrectomy for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old boy visited our clinic with a complaint of night blindness. Both eyes showed inflammatory cells in the anterior vitreous and neovascularization of the optic disk confirmed by fluorescein angiography. Extensive vitreous hemorrhage developed in his right eye and he underwent unilateral vitrectomy. His final visual acuity was 0.6 in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous hemorrhage may be related to chronic inflammation in the vitreous and is a very rare RP complication. Vitrectomy can be an effective treatment option for RP complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.
Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Night Blindness ; Optic Disk ; Retinitis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: Anterior cervical microforaminotomy (ACMF) is a motion-preserving surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to assess radiologic changes of operated and adjacent segments after ACMF. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent ACMF between 1998 and 2008. From X-ray film-based changes, disc height and sagittal range of motion (ROM) of operated and adjacent segments were compared at preoperative and last follow-up periods. Radiological degeneration of both segments was analyzed as well. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 48.2 months. There were 78 operated, 52 upper adjacent, and 38 lower adjacent segments. There were statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of operated segment between preoperative and last follow-up periods. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of adjacent segment between both periods. Radiological degenerative changes of operated segments were observed in 30%. That of adjacent segments was observed in 11 and 11% at upper and lower segments, respectively. CONCLUSION: After mean 4-year follow-up periods, there were degenerative changes of operated segments. However, ACMF preserved motion and prevented degenerative changes of adjacent segments.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiculopathy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: TSH stimulates both the adenyl cyclase and phospholipase C (PLC) pathways by binding to a single cell surface receptor that is coupled to G protein, and we examined crosstalk between these two signaling pathways. METHODS: FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells were grown in 6H medium, then incubated with 5H medium before the stimulation. Then cells were incubated for 24 hours with 5H mix containing 1 mCi/L myo-(2-N-3H) inositol. After pretreatment of 100 microM Rp-cAMP, 100 microM forskolin, 50 nM staurosporine, or 100 nM PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), TSH were added in different experiments. After 30 min at 37 degrees C, cells were disrupted and IP formation was determined. RESULTS: Stimulation with 100 microU/mL TSH resulted in a 1.65 fold increase in IP generation. In pursuing the possibility that the two post-receptor events might be linked in some way, we examined the effect of exogenously administrated Rp-cAMP, protein kinase A antagonist, and forskolin, a direct stimulant of protein kinase A, on IP generation achieved at a dose of 100 microU/mL TSH. The pretreatment of 100 M Rp-cAMP at a concentration sufficient to inhibit protein kinase A enhanced TSH-induced IP production. This effect of Rp-cAMP was dose-dependent. Forskolin attenuatedTSH-stimulated increases in phosphatidylinositide turnover. PMA, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator and staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor did not affect TSH-induced IP generation. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that activation of adenylate cyclase/cAMP post-receptor signalling casacde, which results in the protien kinase A activation, has an inhibitory effect on IP turnover activated by TSH.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Animals ; Colforsin ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Inositol ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinase C ; Rats ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Signal Transduction* ; Staurosporine ; Thyroid Gland ; Type C Phospholipases

Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has increased rapidly worldwide. It is generally assumed that carbapenem prescription in a hospital has a significant impact on imipenem resistance in A. baumannii. However, there are few studies validating these assumptions with statistical data. We performed a surveillance study to investigate the relationship between carbapenem prescription trends and the imipenem resistance rate of A. baumannii in an ICU. Carbapenem prescription data in the WHO anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/defined daily dose (DDD) format for the period from 2006 to 2010 were obtained from the hospital electronic pharmacy records. In the same period, microbiologic data for the ICU were extracted from the laboratory information system. Imipenem resistance rates of A. baumannii increased from 4.3% in 2006 to 83.8% in 2010 (P <0.05; r2=0.85). Carbapenem prescription had increased from 19.71 DDD per 1,000 inpatient-days in 2006 to 36.99 DDD per 1,000 inpatient-days in 2010 (P <0.05; r2=0.95). Carbapenem prescription rate correlated with the imipenem resistance rate in A. baumannii (P <0.05; R=0.9). The results of our study demonstrated a correlation between carbapenem prescription trends and imipenem resistance in A. baumannii.
Acinetobacter ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; Clinical Laboratory Information Systems ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Imipenem ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Pharmacy ; Prescriptions

PURPOSE: We wanted to determine whether inflammation and bacterial infection, as tested for by the traditional 4-glass test or Tc-99m ciprofloxacin imaging, correlate with the symptom severity in men with chronic prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 256 patients with symptoms of prostatitis. The Korean version of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was used to measure the symptoms of each patient. To diagnose bacterial infection, four-glass tests were performed that included culture for general bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for Chlamydia trachomatis. The patients with established uropathogens localized to the expressed prostatic secretion or the voided urine 3 were classified as having chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). To further localize the infection, the single photon emission computerized tomography images were obtained 3 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. Associations between the symptoms and the inflammation and infection were evaluated. RESULTS: Based on the 4-glass tests, the patients were classified as CBP (n=16) or as chronic pelvis pain syndrome (CCPS) (the inflammatory type, n=94; non-inflammatory type, n=146). The CBP patients had a higher pain score than did the CPPS patients and there were no significant differences in the subscores for voiding symptoms and the quality of life between the groups. No significant differences were found in the total score or the subscores of the NIH-CPSI based on the presence or location of infection on the Tc-99m ciprofloxacin imaging. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that bacterial infection, not inflammation, as determined by traditional laboratory tests contribute to the symptoms, especially pain, in men with chronic prostatitis.
Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections* ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Ciprofloxacin* ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mycoplasma hominis ; Pelvic Pain ; Pelvis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatitis* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic systemic and inflammatory rheumatic disease with a variable course of the axial skeleton. Spinal involvement may accompany ossification of the ligaments, intervertebral disc, end-plates and apophyseal structures, and seems to be "bamboo spine". Because of these natures of the spine in AS, a spinal fracture can be occurred with minor trauma or spontaneously. The fracture of the AS can cause neurological complications extremely high, so special attention to prevent neurological deterioration. Operative management of the injured spine with AS is difficult, and associated with a high complication rate. Extreme care must be taken for surgery to prevent secondary neurological deterioration.
Intervertebral Disc ; Ligaments ; Postoperative Complications ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Skeleton ; Spinal Fractures ; Spine ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*