No abstract available in English.
Femur

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open* ; Tibia*

Since 1957, multiple possible mechanisms have been suggested to explain the production of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head and it is now accepted that steroid medication is one of the etiologic factors producing osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Among the surgical procedures in ischemic osteonercrosis of the femoral head are bone grafting, core decom-pression, rotational osteotomy, angulation osteotomy, hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement. The choice of surgical procedures in the management of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is dependent on several factors. Most important are the etiology and stage of the lesion. Other considerations are the patients age, lifestyle, and demands on his hip, and the surgeons preference and expertise. We reviewed 32 total hip replacements in 22 patients, which had been performed to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1981. The longest follow-up was 7 years and 6 months and the shortest, 1 year, the average being 2 years and 6 months. The results were as follows: 1. There were 13 males and 9 females and more than half were in 5th decade. 2. Principal causes to use oral corticosteroids were rheumatoid arthritis, arthralgia, and low back pain in the order of frequency. 3. Duration of corticosteroid medication was between 2 months and 12 years and 18 patients took more than 12 months. 4. Of 18 patients who had the bilateral involvement, the two also had osteonecrosis of the humeral head. 5. Roentgenographically, 30 hips were in stage IV and 2, in stage III according to the classification of Arlet and Ficat. 6. Types of the implants used were Charnely (28 cases), MQller (2 cases) and Trapezoidal-28 (3 cases). 7. The function of the each hip was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by the method of Wilson and Salvati and all improved from average poor to average good.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Transplantation ; Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Life Style ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Methods ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteotomy ; Surgeons

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

During the reproductive period, human endometrium undergoes a pattern of cyclic change. Human endometrium undergoes a complex pattern of proliferation, secretory activity, and menstruation over an approximately 28 days period. Proliferative activity is highest during late proliferative phase under influence of estrogen, and minimal activity in the late secretory and menstrual phase. To study a possible change of telomerase activity during menstrual cycle, telomerase activities in normal and hormone treated endometrium were tested using telomerase repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay. Telomerase activities were detected in 9 of 10 proliferative endometrium(90%), and maximal activity was shown in late proliferative phase. Only 3 of 10 secretory endometrium(30%) revealed weak activity. However telomerase activity was not detected in menstrual phase endometrium(N 2) and senile endometrium(N=3). Four of tamoxifen treated endometrium(N 4) and 1 of provera treated endometrium(N 3) Levels of telomerase activity of treated endometrium(N 4) and late proliferative endometrium(N 6) were as high as them of detected in endometrial cancer and hyperplasia. Above findings reveal that telomerase activity of endometrium is changed according to menstrual cycle, And the level of telomerase activity is related to proliferative activity of endometrium that is dependent on the status of female sex steroid hormone and tamoxifen treatment.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Endometrium* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Reproduction ; Tamoxifen ; Telomerase*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the recurrence rate of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of fifty four patients who were diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of the bone between March 1980 and December 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Among 54 patients, 27 were men, remaining 27 were women with the mean age of 33.1 years (range, 13-67 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 67.1 months. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (38.9%) had a local recurrence. The mean time to recurrence was 21.5 months (range, 2-59 months). The local recurrence rate of the upper extremities was higher than that of lower extremities. According to Campanacci classification, patients with a grade I diseae had lower recurrence rate than those with grade II or III disease. There was no significant differences in the recurrence rates based on cryotherapy, the filling of bone cement or bone grafts and surgical margin. CONCLUSION: To prevent local recurrence of GCT of bone, curettage of the tumor and elimination of the remaining cells are more important than adjuvant therapy.
Cryotherapy ; Curettage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

Two 4-day-old Thoroughbred foals with acute clinical signs of depression, elevated pulse and respiratory rates, anemia, and jaundice were referred to the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority. The foals were seemingly normal at birth, but showed clinical signs such as abnormal behavior, jaundice and anemia suddenly after ingestion of the mare's colostrum, followed by death at 4 days after birth. According to the results of the hematology, serum chemistry analysis, jaundice foal agglutination test, and blood groups test, the foals were diagnosed as neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by the mare's antibodies. These results suggested that the pregnant mares have a potential for NI.
Agglutination Tests ; Anemia ; Antibodies ; Blood Group Antigens ; Colostrum ; Continental Population Groups ; Depression ; Eating ; Hematology ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Parturition ; Respiratory Rate

OBJECTIVES: OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) is a common disorder and its consequences are often serious. It is important to detect the disorder early in the course for proper treatment. This study is to grasp the snoring clinic visitors' knowledge level of OSAS. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-nine visitors at the of snoring clinic of Seoul National University Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire about reasons of visit and knowledge of treatment methods of snoring and OSAS, diagnostic method, OSAS-related symptoms, and complications. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (89.4%) "have already heard about OSAS" and the major sources of information was the mass media (58.1%) such as television and radio. More than half (60.3%) were aware that snoring is closely related to OSAS. More than half (59.8%) recognized that a nocturnal polysomnograpy was necessary for proper diagnosis. Two thirds (67%) of the respondents noted surgery as a treatment for snoring. More than half (55.9%) answered that they would follow the doctor's advice on the treatment choice. Only 12.3% of respondents "have heard about nCPAP". No one chose nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) as a treatment for either snoring or OSAS. About one third (34.6%) of the respondents were aware that OSAS is related to hypertension. Only 12.8% noted that OSAS is related to diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Visitors at the snoring clinic were found to have substantially limited knowledge of health risks and proper treatments of OSAS. We suggest that it is crucially important to educate patients and offer easy-to-understand information on snoring and OSAS. We predict that provision of educaiton and information to patients and general public will faciliate the diagnosis and treatment of snoring and OSAS and reduce the related disorders such as hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Media ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Stroke ; Television

Serum specimens from leprosy patients, their contacts and controls were examined for the presence of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I), a Mycobacterium leprae specific antigen, and antibodies to the antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Of 12 lepromatous patients with less than 2 years of therapy, 11(91.7%) were seropositive to PGL-l, thus indicating that new lepromatous cases can be identified by detecting anti-PGL-l antibodies. In contrast 88(56.4%) of 156 lepromatous patiens treated more than 2 years were positve. Moreover, only 69(40.8%) were seropositve among 169 lepromatous patients in the leprosy resettlement villages. The mean antibody level also declined significantly in proportion to the duration of chemotherapy. This may suggest the possibility of monitoring chemotherapy by detecting anti-PGL-l antibodies. The prevalence of anti-PGL-l antibodies among 200 controls from a high endemic area for leprosy was 5.5% and was significantly higher than that(1.5%) among 200 controls from a low endemic area. Of 103 household contacts in the resettlement villages, 10(9.7%) were seropositive, reflecting the frequent chance of exposure to M. leprae. However, PGL-l was not detected many in any of the sera from controls, contacts, and inactive lepromatous patients having the anti-PGL-l antibodies; on the other hand, 6(50%) of 12 lepromatous patients treated less than 2 years had detectable PGL-l in their sera. The results thus indicate that PGL-l detection may be more suitable for monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy and that it may be necessary to examine for the presence of PGL-l in sera from contacts and normal populations for confirming M. leprae infection.
Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis ; Glycolipids/*blood ; Human ; Leprosy/*blood/diagnosis ; Serologic Tests ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PURPOSE: Balloon valvuloplasty(BVP) is the treatment of choice for valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS). However, this procedure was usually performed in children older than 2 years. The purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of BVP in young infants. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 25 infants younger than 6 months of age who received BVP for PS including critical PS between July 1991 and September 1997 were evaluated. RESULTS: The arterial oxygen saturation before and after procedure was 76.7% and 90.0%, respectively(P<0.001). Transvalvar pressure gradients measured with continuous wave Doppler echocardiography changed from 103.2+/-27.1mmHg to 34.8+/-14.4mmHg(P<0.001) and 29.3+/-15.9 mmHg after 6 months(P=0.075). The systolic pressure ratio of right and left ventricle before and after procedure was decreased from 1.40+/-0.4 to 0.74+/-0.3(P<0.001). Successful gradient relief was achieved with initial BVP in 21 out of 25 infants. There was one procedural death and one emergency surgery after BVP. Four of the 23 remaining patients required repeated BVP. CONCLUSION: Balloon valvuloplasty in young infants is a safe and effective procedure. In patients with symptomatic severe PS, balloon valvuloplasty should be recommended at an early age.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Emergencies ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Retrospective Studies